scholarly journals Time-Based Trend of Carbon Emissions in the Composting Process of Swine Manure in the Context of Agriculture 4.0

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Huh ◽  
Ki-Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Composting Facility ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The widespread raising of swine in farms becomes a serious problem in terms of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). This study aims to measure concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane, which account for the largest percentage of carbon emissions, to temporally estimate the carbon emitted during the pig-manure composting process. The research subject was a farmhouse raising 3000 growing pigs and 100 mother pigs. The capacity of the composting facility for pig manure treatment was 330 m2, and the daily treatment was about 6 tons. After the pig manure discharged from the pig farm was delivered to the composting facility, for the 8 days including 6 before mixing and 2 after mixing, the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 were measured. The result shows that the CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the composting facility were 1208 ± 385 ppm and 95 ± 10 ppm, respectively. In the comparison of concentrations before and after mixing at the composting facility, the values of both CO2 and CH4 increased, and the temperature increased as well. The concentration of CO2 and CH4 increased to 499 ± 103 ppm and 3 ± 11 ppm, respectively, and the temperature rose by 3.7 ± 1.0 °C and 1.6 ± 2.4 °C, respectively. In the correlation analysis (r = 0, p < 0.05), the carbon dioxide emission in the composting process was 15.564 ± 3.671 tons C/year, whereas carbon emission was 1.379 ± 0.147 tons C/year. The concentrations of CO2 and methane, which are the current major atmospheric pollution sources, were respectively analyzed during the pig-manure composting process in this study to understand their effects. Thus, this paper attempts to elucidate the carbon cycle by measuring and analyzing the carbon data obtained from livestock excretions to secure a supply chain based on the intelligent use of the data.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emissions in soils fertilized with pig manure: soil processes and strategies of control and mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e23910212427
Author(s):  
Vilmar Muller Júnior ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Guilherme Wilbert Ferreira ◽  
Jorge Manuel Rodrigues Tavares ◽  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Denitrification Process

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the main gases that contributes to the greenhouse effect. With a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 265 times greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), over a 100-year horizon, N2O also has the potential for the depreciation of the ozone layer. The activities related to agriculture and livestock are responsible for approximately 60% of the global anthropogenic emissions of this gas to the atmosphere. In Brazil, the sector corresponds to 37% of total emissions. The objectives of this review article were: (i) To verify which are the main processes involved in N2O emissions in soils fertilized with swine manure; (ii) What are the direct emissions on these soils under different management systems, and; (iii) What are the possible strategies for controlling and mitigating N2O emissions. Therefore, an exploratory and qualitative research of articles was carried out using the following keywords: óxido nitroso’, ‘nitrous oxide’, ‘N2O’, ‘nitrogênio’, ‘nitrogen’, ‘suínos, ‘pig, ‘swine’, ‘dejetos’, ‘manure’ and ‘slurry’. Effects of pig diet, manure treatment systems, presence of heavy metals in the soil and moisture content of manure on N2O emissions were verified. Therefore, we recommend integrated studies of the quantitative and qualitative impacts of the levels and sources of nitrogen in the animals' diets on N2O emissions after the application of these wastes to the soil. We also recommend studies related to the effects of copper and zinc contents added to the soil via swine manure on enzymes that catalyze the biotic denitrification process in the soil.

scholarly journals Forecasting Carbon Emissions with Dynamic Model Averaging Approach: Time-Varying Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Siqi Xu ◽  
Yifeng Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Dynamic Model Averaging

Although energy-related factors, such as energy intensity and energy consumption, are well recognized as major drivers of carbon dioxide emission in China, little is known about the time-varying impacts of other macrolevel nonenergy factors on carbon emission, especially those from macroeconomic, financial, household, and technology progress indicators in China. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the time-varying predictive ability of 15 macrolevel indicators for China’s carbon dioxide emission from 1982 to 2017 with a dynamic model averaging (DMA) method. The empirical results show that, firstly, the explanatory power of each nonenergy predictor changes significantly with time and no predictor has a stable positive/negative impact on China’s carbon emissions throughout the whole sample period. Secondly, all these predictors present a distinct predictive ability for carbon emission in China. The proportion of industry production in GDP (IP) shows the greatest predictive power, while the proportion of FDI in GDP has the smallest forecasting ability. Interestingly, those Chinese household features, such as Engel’s coefficient and household savings rate, play very important roles in the prediction of China’s carbon emission. In addition, we find that IP are losing its predictive power in recent years, while the proportion of value-added of the service sector in GDP presents not only a leading forecasting weight, but a continuous increasing prediction power in recent years. Finally, the dynamic model averaging (DMA) method can produce the most accurate forecasts of carbon emission in China compared to other commonly used forecasting methods.

scholarly journals Is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Zhuo ◽  
Xu ◽  
Xu ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of many researchers, most of which have adopted traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression (QR), to analyze the issue. This paper, however, attempts to introduce Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and HCE, based on the longitudinal data of 30 provinces in China (2005–2016). It was found that carbon dioxide emission is, indeed, an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure in China, although its influence is not as great as the income variable. It was also revealed that the effect of carbon dioxide emission on HCE at a higher quantile was much smaller, which indicates that most people are not paying sufficient attention to the correlation between air pollution and healthcare. This study also proves the applicability of Bayesian quantile regression and its ability to offer more valuable information, as compared to traditional empirical tools, thus expanding and deepening research capabilities on the topic.

scholarly journals A Review of the Measurement Method, Analysis and Implementation Policy of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5873
Author(s):  
Nur Fatma Fadilah Yaacob ◽  
Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Implementation Policy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a review of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transportation in an attempt to establish a quick and suboptimal update of the methods used to calculate and analyze CO2 emissions from transportation. Transportation is the largest contributor to air pollution through the release of high amounts of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The methods for calculating and analyzing the carbon footprint of transportation; which is of critical importance in the management of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming; are still being developed. However; there are some differences in the definitions and methods used to calculate the carbon footprint of transportation in previous studies. This review focuses on the similarities of the methods used to measure CO2 emissions as well as the analyses used to evaluate the emissions. This paper will also highlight the advantages and limitations of each research work. By doing this; the present study contributes to the selection of appropriate methods for calculating CO2 emissions from transportation and draws attention to environmental issues. It is hoped that the implementation of the most appropriate framework will help to reduce CO2 emissions from transportation

scholarly journals Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission of Beef Heifers in Relation with Growth and Feed Efficiency

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Renand ◽  
Aurélie Vinet ◽  
Virginie Decruyenaere ◽  
David Maupetit ◽  
Dominique Dozias
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Reducing enteric methane production and improving the feed efficiency of heifers on roughage diets are important selection objectives for sustainable beef production. The objective of the current study was to assess the relationship between different methane production and feed efficiency criteria of beef heifers fed ad libitum roughage diets. A total of 326 Charolais heifers aged 22 months were controlled in two farms and fed either a grass silage (n = 252) or a natural meadow hay (n = 74) diet. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates (g/day) were measured with GreenFeed systems. The dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), CH4 and CO2 were measured over 8 to 12 weeks. Positive correlations were observed among body weight, DMI, ADG, CH4 and CO2. The residual feed intake (rwgDMI) was not related to CH4 or residual methane (rwiCH4). It was negatively correlated with methane yield (CH4/DMI): Rp = −0.87 and −0.83. Residual gain (rwiADG) and ADG/DMI were weakly and positively related to residual methane (rwiCH4): Rp = 0.21 on average. The ratio ADG/CO2 appeared to be a useful proxy of ADG/DMI (Rp = 0.64 and 0.97) and CH4/CO2 a proxy of methane yield (Rp = 0.24 and 0.33) for selecting low-emitting and efficient heifers.

scholarly journals An outline economic strategy for Indonesia to sustainably meet its electricity and carbon emissions targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Les Duckers ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Electrical Generation

Aim:  In this paper we demonstrate an outline strategy for Indonesia to move its electrical generation from fossil fuels to renewable sources in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions whilst avoiding excessive costs. The modelling here is based on assumed present fossil fuel generating plants.Design / Research methods:  We have modelled a representative electrical generation system based on burning coal, oil and gas, and by replacing retiring stations with photovoltaic cells and wind turbines we have considered the cost and carbon dioxide implications over a 30 year period. Additionally the modelling is extended to increasing the Indonesian installed electrical capacity.Conclusions / findings:  The results show that Indonesia could meet its carbon dioxide emission reduction targets in an economic way by a phased strategy of introducing renewable energy sources. These results are preliminary and will be refined in a future article where we will include the detail of actual existing power stations, with their capacity and anticipated end of life date.Originality / values of the article: There has been, and continues to be, a general resistance to the adoption of renewable energy. This paper shows  the economic benefit that accompanies carbon dioxide reduction thus presents a new aspect to the consideration of carbon reduction, Implications of the research:Indonesia faces difficulties in providing electricity whilst meeting its climate change obligations. This research points to a viable economic strategy which may not only meet those obligations, but actually increase electrical provision across the country.Key words:  Sustainable development, climate change, carbon emissions, renewable energy JEL: C51,L94,Q01,Q42 Doi:

Carbon Dioxide Capture at Various Temperatures Using Ca(OH)2 Sorbent Fabricated by Sol-Gel Route in Ethanol Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Farah Diana Mohd Daud ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Co2 Capture Capacity ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered to be the main greenhouse gas contributing to global warming and climate change. Therefore, the present paper investigates the CO2-capture performance of synthesized calcium hydroxides, Ca(OH)2 sorbent at different temperatures which are 350, 450, 550 and 650°C. The CO2 adsorption of the materials synthesized was studied in a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The CO2 adsorption temperature strongly influenced the capture performance of the absorbent. The Ca(OH)2 sorbent are prepared by hydrolysis of calcium alkoxides, NaOH as precipitating agent and mixed solvent of ethanol with deionized (DI) water as medium at 35°C. X- ray diffraction (XRD) result showed 40 nm crystallite size of Ca(OH)2 hexagonal crystal structures. The Ca(OH)2 particle size and morphological properties before and after CO2 adsorption are studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The FESEM image indeed showed the rod like shape of Ca(OH)2 structures with rod length increased from 765 to 893 nm while the diameter is between 140 to 160 nm. When Ca(OH)2 sorbent adsorbed CO2, the structures are rigid interconnected each others like a lump shaped. The prepared Ca(OH)2 sorbent possesses a great potential to capture CO2 when increased temperature. Nevertheless, at intermediate temperatures (350-450°C), Ca(OH)2 sorbent still demonstrates a higher CO2 capture capacity than other intermediate temperature adsorbents such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs), lithium zirconates (LiZrO3) and hydrotalcites.

Teardown Index

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-101
Author(s):  
Joseph Dahmen ◽  
Jens von Bergmann ◽  
Misha Das
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Single Family ◽  
New Construction ◽  
New Buildings

Replacing older homes with new ones constructed to higher efficiency standards is one way to raise the operating efficiency of building stocks. However, new buildings require large amounts of embodied energy to construct, and it can take years before more efficient operations offset carbon emissions associated with new construction. This chapter looks at the carbon dioxide emission payback period of newly constructed, efficient single-family homes in Vancouver, British Columbia, where the authors find that it takes over 150 years for the operation to equal the embodied carbon associated with the of a typical high-efficiency new home. The findings suggest that current policies aimed at reducing emissions by replacing older homes with new high-efficiency buildings should be reconsidered.

Study of Aircraft Carbon Dioxide Emission Standards

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 1517-1520
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Yan ◽  
Shu Xun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Aviation Emissions

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is building a carbon dioxide standard for aircraft emissions. The CO2 standard is planning to be carried out by 2016 as the aviation emissions airworthiness standards, which will immediately influences the aircraft airworthiness certification. In this paper, the main context of the carbon dioxide standard for aircraft, basis for the establishment and metrics were studied. In addition, the metric system, the key point of CO2 emissions standards, has also been explained. Moreover, the implementation and criteria of the metric system was presented through computing and analyzing of the active-duty models. As a result, the CO2 emissions standard is aiming at improve the fuel efficiency and operational efficiency, which effectively reduce carbon emissions.

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