scholarly journals Functional Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Skin Health and Disease

Fermentation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Lolou ◽  
Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Scientific and commercial interest of probiotics, prebiotics and their effect on human health and disease has increased in the last decade. The aim of this review article is to evaluate the role of pro- and prebiotics on the normal function of healthy skin as well as their role in the prevention and therapy of skin disease. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium are the most commonly used probiotics and thought to mediate skin inflammation, treat atopic dermatitis (AD) and prevent allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Probiotics are shown to decolonise skin pathogens (e.g., P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, A. Vulgaris, etc.) while kefir is also shown to support the immunity of the skin and treat skin pathogens through the production of antimicrobial substances and prebiotics. Finally, prebiotics (e.g., Fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides and konjac glucomannan hydrolysates) can contribute to the treatment of diseases including ACD, acne and photo aging primarily by enhancing the growth of probiotics.

scholarly journals Expression of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 defines functionally distinct DCs that control allergic skin inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Koga ◽  
Fumiyuki Sasaki ◽  
Kazuko Saeki ◽  
Soken Tsuchiya ◽  
Toshiaki Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Spatiotemporal Regulation ◽  
Allergic Skin ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Leukotriene B4 Receptor ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) is a chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes, such as granulocytes, macrophages, and activated T cells. Although there is growing evidence that BLT1 plays crucial roles in immune responses, its role in dendritic cells remains largely unknown. Here, we identified novel DC subsets defined by the expression of BLT1, namely, BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs. We also found that BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs differentially migrated toward LTB4 and CCL21, a lymph node-homing chemoattractant, respectively. By generating LTB4-producing enzyme LTA4H knockout mice and CD11c promoter-driven Cre recombinase-expressing BLT1 conditional knockout (BLT1 cKO) mice, we showed that the migration of BLT1hi DCs exacerbated allergic contact dermatitis. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that BLT1hi DCs preferentially induced Th1 differentiation by upregulating IL-12p35 expression, whereas BLT1lo DCs accelerated T cell proliferation by producing IL-2. Collectively, the data reveal an unexpected role for BLT1 as a novel DC subset marker and provide novel insights into the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in the spatiotemporal regulation of distinct DC subsets.

Review article: the signalling and functional role of the extracellular matrix in the development of liver fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Falk Villesen ◽  
Samuel Joseph Daniels ◽  
Diana Julie Leeming ◽  
Morten Asser Karsdal ◽  
Mette Juul Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Review Article

Autophagy in health and disease. 4. The role of pancreatic β-cell autophagy in health and diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. C1-C6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Fujitani ◽  
Takashi Ueno ◽  
Hirotaka Watada
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Ubiquitinated Proteins ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cellular Stresses

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved machinery for degradation and recycling of various cytoplasmic components such as long-lived proteins and organelles. In pancreatic β-cells, as in most other cells, autophagy is also important for the low basal turnover of ubiquitinated proteins and damaged organelles under normal conditions. Insulin resistance results in upregulation of autophagic activity in β-cells. Induced autophagy in β-cells plays a pivotal role in the adaptive expansion of β-cell mass. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether autophagy is protective or detrimental in response to cellular stresses in β-cells. In this review, we describe the crucial roles of autophagy in normal function of β-cells and discuss how dysfunction of the autophagic machinery could lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.

The Functional Significance of Endocrine-immune Interactions in Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Sridhar Muthusami ◽  
Balasubramanian Vidya ◽  
Esaki M Shankar ◽  
Jamuna Vadivelu ◽  
Ilangovan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Amino Acid Derivatives ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Health And Disease

Hormones are known to influence various body systems that include skeletal, cardiac, digestive, excretory, and immune systems. Emerging investigations suggest the key role played by secretions of endocrine glands in immune cell differentiation, proliferation, activation, and memory attributes of the immune system. The link between steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and inflammation is widely known. However, the role of peptide hormones and amino acid derivatives such as growth and thyroid hormones, prolactin, dopamine, and thymopoietin in regulating the functioning of the immune system remains unclear. Here, we reviewed the findings pertinent to the functional role of hormone-immune interactions in health and disease and proposed perspective directions for translational research in the field.

The role of skin and gut microbiome and epigenetic modifications upon skin autoimmune disorders.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Murdaca ◽  
Monica Greco ◽  
Simone Negrini ◽  
Marco Casciaro ◽  
Sebastiano Gangemi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
Allergic Contact

: Human microbiota and immune system are strictly connected to each other. Several studies demonstrated that normal skin and/or gut floral alterations may have negative consequences upon disease pathogenesis. Indeed, a strong association between skin and gut microbiota alterations and autoimmune diseases was found. Moreover, a significant interplay between microbiome and miRNAs expression was noticed among several conditions. The aim of this review article is to shed new light on some of the commonest skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, with special regards to epigenetic pathogenetic mechanisms such as miRNAs expression and skin and gut microbiome alterations. Indeed, evidence is still lacking regarding these two factors and their possible interactions. We believe their implications may be crucial for screening, early diagnosis and also therapeutic strategies, therefore this field could represent a promising challenge for further studies.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge on Beetroot Bioactive Compounds: Role of Nitrate and Betalains in Health and Disease

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Iñaki Milton-Laskibar ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez ◽  
María P. Portillo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

An increase in the prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases has been occurring in recent decades. Among the deaths resulting from these conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stand out as the main contributors. In this regard, dietary patterns featuring a high content of vegetables and fruits, such as the Mediterranean and the DASH diets, are considered beneficial, and thus have been extensively studied. This has resulted in growing interest in vegetable-derived ingredients and food-supplements that may have potential therapeutic properties. Among these supplements, beetroot juice, which is obtained from the root vegetable Beta vulgaris, has gained much attention. Although a significant part of the interest in beetroot juice is due to its nitrate (NO3−) content, which has demonstrated bioactivity in the cardiovascular system, other ingredients with potential beneficial properties such as polyphenols, pigments and organic acids are also present. In this context, the aim of this review article is to analyze the current knowledge regarding the benefits related to the consumption of beetroot and derived food-supplements. Therefore, this article focuses on nitrate and betalains, which are considered to be the major bioactive compounds present in beetroot, and thus in the derived dietary supplements.

scholarly journals The Functions of the Mammalian Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase System and Related Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beichen Jiang ◽  
Jackob Moskovitz
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
General Role ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Mammalian System

This review article describes and discusses the current knowledge on the general role of the methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) system and the particular role of MSR type A (MSRA) in mammals. A powerful tool to investigate the contribution of MSRA to molecular processes within a mammalian system/organism is the MSRA knockout. The deficiency of MSRA in this mouse model provides hints and evidence for this enzyme function in health and disease. Accordingly, the potential involvement of MSRA in the processes leading to neurodegenerative diseases, neurological disorders, cystic fibrosis, cancer, and hearing loss will be deliberated and evaluated.

scholarly journals Histone Variant H3.3 Mutations in Defining the Chromatin Function in Mammals

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2716
Author(s):  
Matteo Trovato ◽  
Vibha Patil ◽  
Maja Gehre ◽  
Kyung Min Noh
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Histone Variant ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Health And Disease

The systematic mutation of histone 3 (H3) genes in model organisms has proven to be a valuable tool to distinguish the functional role of histone residues. No system exists in mammalian cells to directly manipulate canonical histone H3 due to a large number of clustered and multi-loci histone genes. Over the years, oncogenic histone mutations in a subset of H3 have been identified in humans, and have advanced our understanding of the function of histone residues in health and disease. The oncogenic mutations are often found in one allele of the histone variant H3.3 genes, but they prompt severe changes in the epigenetic landscape of cells, and contribute to cancer development. Therefore, mutation approaches using H3.3 genes could be relevant to the determination of the functional role of histone residues in mammalian development without the replacement of canonical H3 genes. In this review, we describe the key findings from the H3 mutation studies in model organisms wherein the genetic replacement of canonical H3 is possible. We then turn our attention to H3.3 mutations in human cancers, and discuss H3.3 substitutions in the N-terminus, which were generated in order to explore the specific residue or associated post-translational modification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document