scholarly journals Impacts of a High Nitrogen Load on Foliar Nutrient Status, N Metabolism, and Photosynthetic Capacity in a Cupressus lusitanica Mill. Plantation

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Li ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Fuxu Wan ◽  
Yiming Wang ◽  
Xiaocheng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Mn Concentration

At present, anthropogenic nitrogen deposition has dramatically increased worldwide and has shown negative impacts on temperate/boreal forest ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how an elevated N load affects plant growth in the relatively N-rich subtropical forests of Southern China. To address this question, a study was conducted in a six-year-old Cupressus lusitanica Mill. plantation at the Scientific Research and Teaching Base of Nanjing Forestry University, with N addition levels of N0 (0 kg ha−1 year−1), N1 (24 kg ha−1 year−1), N2 (48 kg ha−1 year−1), N3 (72 kg ha−1 year−1), N4 (96 kg ha−1 year−1), and N5 (120 kg ha−1 year−1). Leaf physiological traits associated with foliar nutrient status, photosynthetic capacity, pigment, and N metabolites were measured. The results showed that (1) N addition led to significant effects on foliar N, but had no marked effects on K concentration. Furthermore, remarkable increases of leaf physiological traits including foliar P, Ca, Mg, and Mn concentration; photosynthetic capacity; pigment; and N metabolites were always observed under low and middle-N supply. (2) High N supply notably decreased foliar P, Ca, and Mg concentration, but increased foliar Mn content. Regarding the chlorophyll, photosynthetic capacity, and N metabolites, marked declines were also observed under high N inputs. (3) Redundancy analysis showed that the net photosynthesis rate was positively correlated with foliar N, P, Ca, Mg, and Mn concentration; the Mn/Mg ratio; and concentrations of chlorophyll and N metabolites, while the net photosynthesis rate was negatively correlated with foliar K concentration and N/P ratios. These findings suggest that excess N inputs can promote nutrient imbalances and inhibit the photosynthetic capacity of Cupressus lusitanica Mill., indicating that high N deposition could threaten plant growth in tropical forests in the future. Meanwhile, further study is merited to track the effects of high N deposition on the relationship between foliar Mn accumulation and photosynthesis in Cupressus lusitanica Mill.

Growth and foliar nutrient status of sugar maple: incidence of forest decline and reaction to fertilization

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ouimet ◽  
J.-M. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Typical decline symptoms have become common observations in the deciduous forest of southern Quebec. In 1988, sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) trees exhibiting various degrees of foliage loss were studied in 21 mature stands scattered throughout the province of Quebec in order to determine the impact of forest decline on the stands' growth and nutritional status. Results showed the following: (i) large variations in foliar concentrations existed between sites and sampling year, (ii) damaged trees were K deficient, (iii) stem radial growth over 5 years (1983–1988) and the 1987–1988 foliar K concentration decreased in a linear fashion as visual estimation of crown foliage loss increased, (iv) radial growth reduction averaged 27 and 54% for trees having a percentage of foliage loss of 6–25 and 25–50%, respectively. We tested the following hypothesis: improvement of foliar status by diagnostic fertilization in declining trees that have a deficiency in K leads to enhanced tree vigor that can be measured as increased stem growth. Beneficial fertilization effects occurred very rapidly, beginning in the year of treatment. Fertilization caused a 50% increase in stem radial growth compared with unfertilized trees in the 2 years following treatment application. This response was accompanied by increased foliar N, K, and Ca levels, and decreased P concentration, compared with control trees. The results suggest that poor growth and vigor of sugar maple on these sites are related to impaired foliar nutrition in K, and that a rapid revival of declining sugar maple characterized by a K deficiency can be produced in the short term by proper fertilization.

Frost hardiness and winter photosynthesis of Thujapiicata and Pseudotsugamenzlesll seedlings grown at three rates of nitrogen and phosphorus supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Davradou ◽  
D. Pier ◽  
R. Shortt
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
One Year ◽  
P Supply

One-year-old seedlings of western red cedar (Thujapiicata Donn ex D.Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown for one season in five nutrient treatments with nitrogen (N) supplied in solution at rates of 20, 100, or 250 mg•L−1 and phosphorus (P) supplied at rates of 4, 20, or 60 mg•L−1. Growth, onset of dormancy, frost hardiness on six dates, and foliar nutrient concentrations in autumn and spring were measured. Midwinter rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration were measured at air temperatures of 4, 7, and 11 °C in seedlings from all nutrient treatments. Recovery of net photosynthesis and transpiration in whole seedlings from the three N treatments was assessed at intervals for 28 days after the seedlings were frozen to −5, −15, and −25°C. Foliar N content differed significantly among nutrient treatments and was positively correlated with supply. Mitotic activity ceased earliest in plants with low N supply. Douglas-fir seedlings in the low-N treatment also ceased height growth earliest. These differences in growth had no significant correlation with frost hardiness. No consistent differences in frost hardiness among nutrient treatments were observed. Higher rates of N and P supply resulted in higher rates of winter net photosynthesis. Net photosynthesis was reduced dramatically by night frost, with greater damage occurring at lower temperatures. Net photosynthesis recovery occurred most quickly in seedlings with the midrate of N and P supply.

Foliar nutrient status of field grown tissue cultured and budded Apple trees

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1649-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Korcak ◽  
R. H. Zimmerman ◽  
S. S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

What drives photosynthesis during desiccation? Mosses and other outliers from the photosynthesis–elasticity trade-off

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6460-6470
Author(s):  
Alicia V Perera-Castro ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Jaume Flexas
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Current View ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Linear Dependency ◽  
Co2 Diffusion ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Abstract In vascular plants, more rigid leaves have been linked to lower photosynthetic capacity, associated with low CO2 diffusion across the mesophyll, indirectly resulting in a trade-off between photosynthetic capacity (An) and bulk modulus of elasticity (ε). However, we evaluated mosses, liverworts, and Chara sp., plus some lycophytes and ferns, and found that they behaved as clear outliers of the An–ε relationship. Despite this finding, when vascular and non-vascular plants were plotted together, ε still linearly determined the cessation of net photosynthesis during desiccation both in species with stomata (either actively or hydro-passively regulated) and in species lacking stomata, and regardless of their leaf structure. The latter result challenges our current view of photosynthetic responses to desiccation and/or water stress. Structural features and hydric strategy are discussed as possible explanations for the deviation of these species from the An–ε trade-off, as well as for the general linear dependency between ε and the full cessation of An during desiccation.

Sclerophylly and Foliar Nutrient Status of Mediterranean-Climate Plant Communities in Southern Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Specht ◽  
PW Rundel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Leaf Specific Area

An increase (percentage dry weight) in both lignin and cellulose (with a greater proportion of cellulose than lignin being formed) is associated with a decrease in the concentration of phosphorus (and of other related elements) per unit dry weight in the leaves of sunlit overstorey species, of both sclerophyll and savannah communities in the mediterranean climate of southern Australia. Simultaneously, crude protein decreases. Leaves become increasingly sclerophyllous (with a higher Sclerophyll Index), with lower crude protein (cytoplasm) per unit dry weight; thicker leaves with lower leaf specific area result. The degree of sclerophylly per unit foliar phosphorus content is a little higher in understorey species which are partially shaded by the overstorey canopy.

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