scholarly journals Day Extension with Far-Red Light Enhances Growth of Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Chiang ◽  
Oda Aas ◽  
Marianne Jetmundsen ◽  
YeonKyeong Lee ◽  
Sissel Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Subalpine Fir

scholarly journals Natural and Advance Regeneration of Engelmann Spruce and Subalpine Fir Compared 21 Years After Site Treatment

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Herring ◽  
R. G. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Residual Tree ◽  
Mean Current ◽  
Picea Engelmanni

The mean height of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanni Parry) advance growth 21 years after release by overstorey harvesting and residual tree felling, was eight times that of natural regeneration established following brush blade scarification. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) advance growth was nine times taller than natural regeneration established on scarified soil. Mean current annual height increment of Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir advance growth was 39 and 34 cm, respectively, compared with only 7 cm for natural regeneration on scarified soil. The performance gap does not appear to be narrowing. The poor performance of natural regeneration on mineral soil exposed by blade scarification is attributed to removal of organic and top mineral soil horizons beyond the immediate reach of seedlings. These soil layers remained available to the advance growth. Consideration should be given to preserving advance growth when scarification may be inappropriate.

Temporal development of decaying log habitats in wet spruce–fir stands in east-central British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2841-2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Craig DeLong ◽  
Lori D Daniels ◽  
Ben Heemskerk ◽  
Ken Olaf Storaunet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
East Central ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Advanced Stages

Time since death and time since fall were estimated for hybrid spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) logs to quantify temporal changes in log decay and habitat quality in east-central British Columbia. We sampled 136 logs (72 spruce and 64 fir) for species, size, and morphological attributes and used dendroecological techniques to estimate year of death (n = 97) and fall (n =  22). Time since death and time since fall of spruce and fir were similar in decay classes 1 and 2; fir was older than spruce in more advanced stages of decay. Discriminant analysis based on time since fall correctly classified logs into four decay classes for 67% and 80% of spruce and fir, respectively. Function as wildlife habitat changed significantly as logs decayed. Logs served as elevated runways for approximately 15 years and then increased in value as habitat for invertebrates and insectivores as wood softened and vegetation established. Concealed spaces increased as the wood decomposed but decreased when logs collapsed. We conclude that decay classes represent biologically and statistically significant stages of log decomposition that are relevant to wildlife habitat and therefore provide a useful construct for model development and field interpretation..

Segregation of allozyme loci in megagametophytes of Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Segregation ratios and linkage of 10 allozyme loci were examined in haploid megagametophytes obtained from natural populations of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in the Colorado Front Range. For data pooled over trees, the 1:1 segregation ratio expected at Mendelian loci was obtained for five polymorphic loci in 32 Engelmann spruce trees and for seven polymorphic loci in 40 subalpine fir trees. The Gdh and Idh loci in spruce were very tightly linked: no recombinants were detected among 60 megagametophytes of trees heterozygous for both loci. In fir only the Aco and Pgm-1 loci were linked, with an estimated recombination rate of 0.317 ± 0.073. The low levels of among-tree heterogeneity and of segregation distortion found in these populations suggest that reliable estimates of both genetic variation and outcrossing rates can be obtained using allozyme data from these wind-pollinated species.Key words: segregation, linkage, allozymes, Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir.

Inonotus tomentosus and the dynamics of unmanaged and partial-cut wet sub-boreal spruce–fir forests

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2663-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. (Ted) Newbery ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis ◽  
Michael B. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Live Tree

For wet sub-boreal spruce–fir forests (white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) × Engelmann spruce ( Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) – subalpine fir ( Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.)) in east-central British Columbia, we asked (i) do compositional and structural dynamics differ for unmanaged (UN) and partial-cut (PC) (50% removal 45 years before measurement) forests and (ii) how does Inonotus tomentosus Fr. (Teng) affect these dynamics? Inonotus tomentosus infected stands had 17% less spruce basal area (P = 0.059) than uninfected stands, but PC did not exacerbate I. tomentosus effects. PC and UN had similar live tree density, but UN had lower dead tree density. In all stands, snag longevity was typically <32 years, and ~40 years was required for dead wood to reach decay stage 3 or greater. UN was characterized by variable severity disturbances averaging ~8% of the canopy per decade. Management implications include the following: (i) harvest systems designed to emulate small-scale disturbance could remove trees at 8% of the canopy per decade, varied spatiotemporally, (ii) emulating dead wood abundance with partial cutting may be difficult given the impacts of partial cutting on dead wood abundance, and (iii) forests with moderate levels of I. tomentosus should not respond differently to harvesting than uninfected forests and thus require no special management.

scholarly journals Hypogeous Fungi Occurrence, Distribution and Mycorrhizal Hosts in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Steven Miller
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
National Park ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Speckled Alder

The 1990 field season constituted the last of a three year study to survey the hypogeous fungi of Grand Teton National Park and the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem. The objectives were to: 1. collect and identify hypogeous fungi found in association with ectomycorrhizal tree hosts such as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Douglas-frr (Pseudotsuga menziesii), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), and speckled alder (Alnus tenuifolia), and several species of willow (Salix sp.) throughout the area; and 2. to gain an initial understanding of the importance of these fungi as food for small mammals.

scholarly journals Distribution of the Balsam Woolly Adelgid in Idaho

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Livingston ◽  
J.E. Dewey ◽  
D.P. Beckman ◽  
L.E. Stipe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
The State ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Host Type ◽  
Ecological Values ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid

Abstract The balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae) was introduced from Europe to northeastern North America in about 1900. In 1983, it was discovered infesting fir trees in Idaho. Since then, aerial and ground surveys have documented its spread in Idaho over an area of approximately 14,000 mi2 (8,960,000 ac). It now covers most of the central one-third of the state. Aerial surveys in 1997 and 1998 identified about 125,000 ac of host type with dead or damaged trees. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) is a critical species in many high elevation areas. The effects of the balsam wooly adelgid on aesthetics, hydrology, and other ecological values can be very important. The adelgid is likely to continue its spread throughout subalpine fir forests of Idaho and neighboring states. West. J. Appl. For. 15(4):227-231,

Effect of gap size on litter decomposition and soil nitrate concentrations in a high-elevation spruce–fir forest

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2210-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy E Prescott ◽  
Graeme D Hope ◽  
Leandra L Blevins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
High Elevation Forest

Possible mitigation of nitrate losses associated with clearcuts through harvesting smaller gaps was tested in a high-elevation forest of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.). We measured concentrations of ammonium and nitrate after 6-week buried bag incubations of forest floor and mineral soil samples in replicated plots of uncut forest and gaps of 10, 1.0, and 0.1 ha and single-tree removal for 7 years after harvest. Nitrate concentrations in forest floor and mineral soil were elevated 3–7 years after harvesting in gaps of 0.1 ha and larger. Removal of the same proportion of trees as single trees did not result in increased nitrate concentrations, suggesting that nitrate losses could be reduced by harvesting single trees rather than creating gaps. Greater N availability was not associated with faster rates of decomposition of litter and forest floor, which were similar in gaps of all sizes (0–10 ha). Reciprocal transplant of forest floor and soil from the 10-ha gaps and the uncut forests indicated that changes in the nature of the forest floor or soil following harvest had a greater influence on nitrate concentrations than the changes in environmental conditions in the gaps.

Windthrow following four harvest treatments in an Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir forest in southern interior British Columbia, Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1547-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Huggard ◽  
Walt Klenner ◽  
Alan Vyse
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Random Trees ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Lower Height

We used transect surveys at a large-scale experimental site at Sicamous Creek, B.C., to measure the effects of five treatments on windthrow: 10-ha clearcuts, arrays of 1-ha patch cuts, arrays of 0.1-ha patch cuts, individual-tree selection cuts, and uncut controls. We also examined edge effects and conditions predisposing trees to windthrow. Windthrow of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) in the 2.7 years following harvesting increased from 0.6% of basal area per year in uncut forest to 0.8-1.8% per year in harvested treatments, with highest rates in individual tree selection units and lowest rates in 0.1-ha patch-cut arrays. Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) showed similar patterns of windthrow but lower rates (0.2-0.7% of basal area per year in harvested treatments). Windthrow was concentrated near north and east edges of 1-ha and 10-ha openings but was dispersed throughout the more uniform treatments. Windthrown trees did not differ from random trees in diameter but had lower height/diameter ratios, probably reflecting the greater windthrow observed in subxeric sites on complex, elevated topography. The rates and distribution of windthrow in different harvest treatments have implications for ecological processes, salvage, long-term windthrow potential, and mitigation possibilities.

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