scholarly journals Impact of Seed Transmission on the Infection and Development of Pitch Canker Disease in Pinus radiata

Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3353-3368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Evira-Recuenco ◽  
Eugenia Iturritxa ◽  
Rosa Raposo
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Canker Disease

Development of a genetic linkage map for Pinus radiata and detection of pitch canker disease resistance associated QTLs

Trees ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1823-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moraga-Suazo ◽  
L. Orellana ◽  
P. Quiroga ◽  
C. Balocchi ◽  
E. Sanfuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Canker Disease

TRANSMISSION OF THE PITCH CANKER FUNGUS, FUSARIUM SUBGLUTINANS F. SP. PINI, TO MONTEREY PINE, PINUS RADIATA, BY CONE- AND TWIG-INFESTING BEETLES

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli Hoover ◽  
David L. Wood ◽  
Andrew J. Storer ◽  
Joseph W. Fox ◽  
William E. Bros
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Subglutinans ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Plant Parts

AbstractConophthorus radiatae Hopkins, Ernobius punctulatus Fall, and Pityophthorus spp. infest cones and twigs of Monterey pines (Pinus radiata D. Don) and thus may be important vectors of the pitch canker fungus Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini in the central coast of California. Fifteen percent of 1st-year Monterey pine conelets infested with C. radiatae prior to August 1990 developed pitch canker by May 1991. Conophthorus radiatae, E. punctulatus, and Pityophthorus spp. were dissected from some of these conelets and found carrying F. s. pini. Between June 1990 and May 1991, 16% of 695 randomly selected uninfested 1st-year conelets from a total of 329 separate cone whorls were infested by at least one of the above beetle species, and F. s. pini was isolated from 42% of the attacked conelets. Average percentage contamination of beetles per conelet was highest for adults of Pityophthorus spp. (38%), followed by adults of C. radiatae (33%), larvae of E. punctulatus (24%), and larvae of Pityophthorus spp. (5%). There were significant associations between conelets that contained contaminated C. radiatae, Pityophthorus spp., and/or E. punctulatus and conelets with F. s. pini.Under experimental conditions, C. radiatae and E. punctulatus transmitted the fungus to healthy cones. Ernobius punctulatus required an entrance tunnel by C. radiatae to enter and infect the cone. Artificially wounded cones did not develop pitch canker. Intra- and interspecific transmission of F. s. pini was demonstrated among these beetle species. In infested branch tips without cones, interspecific transmission of F. s. pini between E. punctulatus and Pityophthorus spp. was also demonstrated.The roles of C. radiatae and E. punctulatus as vectors of F. s. pini and of Pityophthorus spp. as potential vectors are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of pitch canker disease. The spread of pitch canker to California’s native pines as well as other conifers may be enhanced by interspecific transmission of F. s. pini between E. punctulatus and C. radiatae in cones and between E. punctulatus and Pityophthorus spp. in branch tips. Ernobius punctulatus provides a pathway for the fungus to potential insect vectors that attack several hosts and a variety of plant parts.

SEMIOCHEMICALS FROM THREE SPECIES OF PITYOPHTHORUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD RESPONSE

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Dallara ◽  
Steven J. Seybold ◽  
Holger Meyer ◽  
Till Tolasch ◽  
Wittko Francke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Porapak Q ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Opposite Sex

AbstractAnalyses of pentane extracts of frass, whole beetles, and volatiles trapped on Porapak-Q from Pityophthorus Eichhoff spp. fed on Pinus radiata D. Don demonstrated that (E)-pityol [2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran] was produced by male Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine, female Pityophthorus nitidulus (Mannerheim), and female Pityophthorus setosus Blackman. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin) [(5S,7S)-(−)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane] was produced by male P. carmeli and male P. nitidulus. Only the (2R,5S)-(+) stereoisomer of (E)-pityol was produced by male P. carmeli and female P. setosus. In field bioassays in central coastal California, P. setosus was attracted to (E)-(+)-pityol, whereas P. carmeli responded only to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol. Male P. setosus and female P. carmeli responded to these treatments with larger numbers than opposite-sex conspecifics. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin alone did not attract species of Pityophthorus but significantly reduced catches of P. setosus to (E)-(+)-pityol. Lasconotus pertenuis Casey (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) and Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were attracted to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol, and showed a trend for attraction to all (E)-(−)-conophthorin-containing treatments. (E)-(−)-Pityol was neither attractive nor interruptive for any taxon. (E)-(+)-Pityol is shown to be an aggregation pheromone component for P. carmeli and P. setosus. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin functions as a pheromone component for P. carmeli and may also function as a synomone that decreases competition of P. carmeli and P. nitidulus with P. setosus and as a kairomone for L. pertenuis. These semiochemicals have been useful in studying relationships among twig insects and the pathogen Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’Donnell), causal agent of pitch canker disease in P. radiata.

Two fungal endophytes reduce the severity of pitch canker disease in Pinus radiata seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Arcadio Fernández-González ◽  
Antonio Vicente Sanz-Ros ◽  
Valentín Pando ◽  
Julio Javier Diez
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Canker Disease

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A NATIVE SPITTLEBUG (HOMOPTERA: CERCOPIDAE) ON MONTEREY PINE AND AN INTRODUCED TREE PATHOGEN WHICH CAUSES PITCH CANKER DISEASE

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Storer ◽  
David L. Wood ◽  
Karen R. Wikler ◽  
Thomas R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Monterey Peninsula

AbstractJuvenile Monterey pines, Pinus radiata D. Don (Pinaceae), in a native stand on the Monterey Peninsula, California, exhibited wilted green shoots in the spring of 1996. The pitch canker fungus, Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenweb. & Reinking) P.E. Nelson, Toussoun & Marasas f.sp. pini, was subsequently isolated from 95% of these shoots. Spittle masses produced by Aphrophora canadensis Walley were observed on the symptomless shoots of many of these trees. The pitch canker fungus was isolated from the feeding sites of this insect on 55% of symptomless shoots, and from shoot sections adjacent to these feeding sites on 29% of the shoots. Shoots with spittlebugs feeding on them in May 1996 were more likely to develop pitch canker disease by September 1996 and March 1997 than shoots without spittlebugs. Shoots with spittle masses in March 1997 were as likely to develop pitch canker disease by May and August 1997 as shoots without spittle masses, but the origin of the infection was most likely where A. canadensis feeding had taken place. In a controlled test, the incidence of pitch canker on shoots of potted Monterey pines was dependent on the presence of a spittlebug and a spore suspension of the pathogen. Thus, both field observations and controlled studies show an association between native A. canadensis and the introduced pitch canker pathogen. The role of A. canadensis in the epidemiology of pitch canker disease remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Species of Fusarium on Pinus radiata in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Dick ◽  
K. Dobbie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Serious Disease

The common diseases of pines caused by Fusarium species in New Zealand are dampingoff and root rot disorders of seedlings in forest nurseries The emergence of pine pitch canker disease caused by Fusarium subglutinans f sp pini as a serious threat to Pinus radiata plantations has increased the need for an awareness of the species associated with pines in New Zealand Standard morphological procedures were used to identify Fusarium cultures isolated from diseased pines and from soil in forest nurseries Fusarium oxysporum and F solani were the most commonly found species in bareroot P radiata nurseries and were obtained from both seedlings and from soil The species most frequently obtained from branches and needles of older trees in plantations were F avenaceum and F sambucinum but these were not associated with serious disease

Potential for outcrossing in an apparently asexual population ofFusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker disease

Mycologia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Wikler ◽  
Thomas R. Gordon ◽  
Sharon L. Clark ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Henriette Britz
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Asexual Population ◽  
Canker Disease

scholarly journals Monterey pine forest made a remarkable recovery from pitch canker

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Gordon Thomas R. ◽  
Reynolds Gregory J. ◽  
Kirkpatrick Sharon C. ◽  
Storer Andrew J. ◽  
Wood David L. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Remarkable Recovery ◽  
Monterey Peninsula ◽  
Observation Period

Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) is a species of limited distribution, with three native populations in California. In 1986, a disease known as pitch canker, caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum, was identified as the cause of extensive mortality in planted Monterey pines in Santa Cruz County. Monitoring studies on the Monterey Peninsula documented rapid progression of the disease in the native forest during the 1990s, with most trees sustaining some level of infection. However, between 1999 and 2013, the severity of pitch canker stabilized, with many previously diseased trees then free of symptoms, and plots monitored between 2011 and 2015 documented a steady decline in the occurrence of new infections. Consequently, whereas pitch canker was once a conspicuous visual blight in the forest, by the end of the observation period, symptomatic trees had become a rarity. The arrested development of pitch canker is suggestive of a reduction in the frequency and duration of fog near the coast, which provides conditions necessary for the pathogen to establish infections.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Pitch Canker Caused by Fusarium circinatum on Pinus spp. in Northern Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Landeras ◽  
P. García ◽  
Y. Fernández ◽  
M. Braña ◽  
O. Fernández-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Centraalbureau Voor ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Appl Environ ◽  
Pinus Spp

During the winter of 2003-2004, dieback symptoms were observed on Pinus radiata and P. pinaster in pine nurseries in Asturias (northern Spain). Small groups of affected seedlings appeared randomly distributed throughout the nurseries. The seedlings died rapidly, showing basal needle dieback, stem lesions, resin exudations, and wilting. Isolations from infected material onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 0.5 mg/ml of streptomycin sulfate and Komada's medium consistently yielded Fusarium sp. cultures. The isolates were transferred to PDA and Spezieller Nährstoffarmer agar and incubated at 25°C for 10 days with a 12-h photoperiod. The cultures were identified as Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O'Donnell (= Fusarium subglutinans Wollenweb. & Reinking), causal agent of pitch canker disease, on basis of the presence of polyphialides and characteristic sterile, coiled, hyphae (2). To further confirm their identity, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) based on histone H3 gene sequences (4) and a test based on the F. circinatum-specific primers, CIRC1A-CIRC4A, which amplifies a 360-bp DNA fragment of the intergenic spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal operon (3), were used. Results obtained with both techniques confirmed the morphological identification of the cultures. A representative culture has been placed in the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS 117843). The pathogen was isolated only from seedlings of P. radiata and P. pinaster. Other species such as P. nigra, P. sylvestris, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which were also grown in these nurseries, did not show symptoms. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating 6- to 9-month-old P. radiata and P. pinaster seedlings. Small strips of bark (10 × 1 mm) were cut from the stems and similar sized pieces of PDA colonized by F. circinatum were placed in contact with the open wounds and covered with parafilm. Basal needle dieback was observed 10 days after inoculation that resulted in wilting of the seedlings. F. circinatum was reisolated from the affected stems fulfilling Koch's postulates. Later in the year, symptoms of pitch canker were also observed on 20-year-old P. radiata in one forest plantation in Cantabria (northern Spain). Infected branches and shoots of the trees exudated abundant resin, resulting in resinous cankers. The needles, distal to branch tip infections, wilt, fade to yellow then red, and fall from the tree. Affected trees showed noticeable crown dieback. The isolations from the cankers also yielded F. circinatum cultures that were identified as described above. Although a nonrefereed report appeared in 1998 (1), to our knowledge, this is the first report of F. circinatum on P. radiata and P. pinaster in Spain and in Europe. References: (1) L. D. Dwinell et al. Int. Congr. Plant Pathol. 7th. 3:9, 1998. (2) H. I. Nirenberg and K. O'Donnell. Mycologia 90:434, 1998. (3) W. Schweigkofler et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:3512, 2004. (4) E. T. Steenkamp et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3401, 1999.

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