scholarly journals Eastern Red Bat Responses to Fire during Winter Torpor

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Jason T. Layne ◽  
Dana Green ◽  
Anna Scesny ◽  
Lynn W. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
First Response ◽  
Eastern Red Bat

Prescribed fires are a forest management tool used to improve natural areas for a variety of benefits including increased plant diversity, reduced competition for desired species, decreased fuel loads, and improved wildlife habitat. The post-fire results in landscapes have shown positive benefits for bat populations. However, prescribed fires set in the winter may cause direct mortality of eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) populations that use leaf litter for roosting during periods of colder (<10 °C) temperatures. Therefore, we used controlled laboratory techniques to explore if eastern red bats arouse from torpor when exposed to cues associated with fire (i.e., smoke and the sound of fire). Through subsequent field trials, we confirmed latencies of first response (i.e., movement or increased respiration), arousal, and flight behaviors to the stimuli of fire. We provide evidence of smoke influencing eastern red bat first response and arousal through laboratory and field trial results. Latencies of all behaviors were negatively correlated with temperatures and wind speeds prior to and during field trials. We recommend prescribing winter fires on days when temperatures are >10 °C to provide eastern red bats with a better chance to passively rewarm and react to an approaching fire.

FRONTALIN ATTRACTANT IN STANDS INFESTED BY THE SPRUCE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle

AbstractField trials of the synthetic bark-beetle pheromone frontalin demonstrated that lines of single, baited spruce trees, in or near Dendroctonus rufipennis infestations, resulted in concentrated beetle attacks on trees in a strip 2 chains (40 m) wide on either side of the lines of baited trees. Pre-flight insecticide (Lindane) application killed the beetles and prevented tree mortality. Post-attack arboricide (Silvisar) treatment killed most parent beetles and brood under the bark. A predator, Thanasimus undatulus, also was aggregated at frontalin-baited trees. This application of pheromone shows promise of becoming a forest management tool to concentrate beetle attacks in partly infested stands prior to logging.

Prescribed fire in eucalypt woodlands: immediate effects on a microbat community of northern Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara E. Inkster-Draper ◽  
Marcus Sheaves ◽  
Christopher N. Johnson ◽  
Simon K. A. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Eucalypt Woodlands ◽  
Unidentified Species

Context Fire is a major ecological factor in many landscapes. Prescribed fires are often used in the management of vegetation for ecological values, wildlife habitat and reduction of risk of wildfire. However, debate continues over whether active fire management is beneficial to flora and fauna. Although bats comprise ~20% of the world’s extant mammal fauna, they have been largely ignored in studies investigating ecosystem response to fire, especially in Australia. Aims In the present study, we aim to investigate the immediate responses of microbats to prescribed fires in a tropical eucalypt woodland.Methods We used a replicated paired experimental design, consisting of burned and unburned treatment and control sites, to investigate how bat activity and community structure change following a prescribed fire. Key results Total bat activity increased significantly following fire. Fire also resulted in changes in the bat species assemblage. Changes in community structure were driven by the following five species: Saccolaimus spp., Chalinolobus nigrogriseus, Chaerephon jobensis, Rhinolophus megaphyllus and unidentified Species c35. Activity of C. nigrogriseus, Saccolaimus spp., C. jobensis and Species c35 increased in the burned sites, whereas changes in the activity of R. megaphyllus were uncorrelated with the effects of fire. Conclusions The effect of fire on these species is consistent with flight patterns and habitat use; species with higher wing aspect ratios, such as Saccolaimus spp., which are capable of fast flight but with limited manoeuvrability, became more active in the open conditions created by fire. Implications The results of the present study suggest that prescribed fire as an environmental management tool may be beneficial to bats, at least in the short term, because it increases habitat suitability for a wider range of species.

scholarly journals Winter Roosting by Eastern Red Bats in Ozark Mountain Forests of Missouri

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Flinn ◽  
Roger W. Perry ◽  
Lynn W. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Roost Selection ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Upper South ◽  
Eastern Red Bat

The eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis Müller, 1776) is a widespread species that roosts in evergreen or dead foliage suspended in trees during winter but retreats to leaf litter during colder periods. Roosting in leaf litter by eastern red bats makes them vulnerable to prescribed fires in winter. Using radio telemetry, we tracked 33 male eastern red bats to 101 winter (November–February) roosts and quantified roost locations, habitat surrounding roosts, and landscape attributes of roost locations. When roosting in trees, bats preferred oaks but generally avoided other tree species; they used pines in proportion to their availability. During colder periods, bats retreated to roosts in leaf litter where 21% suffered mortality either from predation/scavenging or unknown causes while roosting on the ground. Models of roost selection indicated that southerly aspect was the most important factor determining roost selection, and both tree- and leaf-litter roosts were predominately (≥94%) on upper south-facing slopes. Prescribed burning in late morning/early afternoon on clear days when temperatures under leaf litter are warmest in winter could reduce potential mortality by allowing faster arousal time for hibernating bats.

Zwischenevaluation des Wald-Wild-Management-Instruments (WWMI) im Pilotprogramm effor2 «Wald und Wild» | Preliminary evaluation of the Game-Forest-Management-Tool (GFMT) in the effor2 pilot programme «Game and Forest»

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Eyholzer ◽  
Martin Baumann ◽  
Rolf Manser
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Optimal Contract ◽  
Technical Tool ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Pilot Programme ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Entire Study Area

Faced with the challenging task of balancing forest interests and wildlife, the Swiss Forest Agency initiated the pilot programme«Game and Forest», which is committed to a philosophy of goal-oriented management practice and a redesign of forestry subsidizing. Within this programme the diverse goals of forestry and hunting have been amalgamated to a superimposed goal and set out in a corresponding contract. The Game-Forest-Management-Tool (GFMT) has been divised to simulate the effect of various strategies to deal with the complex problems of forest-wildlife. Optimal contract-fulfilling procedures can be simulated on a PC using this technical tool. The efficiency of the measures suggested by simulations that were carried out are being tested in a study area within the pilot programme, «Game and Forest». Half way through this trial, after two years, we can say that there has been no significant increase of non-browsed areas. In 2004, after the collection of data for the entire study area, we will be able to tell whether applying this computer simulated strategy truly leads to an augmentation of non-browsed area and a decrease in bark-peeled forests in the pilot area.

scholarly journals Structural Equation Modeling: Theory and Applications in Forest Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzeng Yih Lam ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Equation Modeling

Forest ecosystem dynamics are driven by a complex array of simultaneous cause-and-effect relationships. Understanding this complex web requires specialized analytical techniques such as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The SEM framework and implementation steps are outlined in this study, and we then demonstrate the technique by application to overstory-understory relationships in mature Douglas-fir forests in the northwestern USA. A SEM model was formulated with (1) a path model representing the effects of successively higher layers of vegetation on late-seral herbs through processes such as light attenuation and (2) a measurement model accounting for measurement errors. The fitted SEM model suggested a direct negative effect of light attenuation on late-seral herbs cover but a direct positive effect of northern aspect. Moreover, many processes have indirect effects mediated through midstory vegetation. SEM is recommended as a forest management tool for designing silvicultural treatments and systems for attaining complex arrays of management objectives.

scholarly journals Improving a pest management tool for scenario analysis of economic populations of Globodera pallida

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Koehler ◽  
Christopher A. Bell ◽  
Matthew A. Back ◽  
Peter E. Urwin ◽  
Howard J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Annual Decline

Summary Globodera pallida is the most damaging pest of potato in the UK. This work underpins enhancement of a well-established, web-based scenario analysis tool for its management by recommending additions and modifications of its required inputs and a change in the basis of yield loss estimates. The required annual decline rate of the dormant egg population is determined at the individual field sample level to help define the required rotation length by comparing the viable egg content of recovered cysts to that of newly formed cysts for the same projected area. The mean annual decline was 20.4 ± 1.4% but ranged from 4.0 to 39.7% annum−1 at the field level. Further changes were based on meta-analysis of previous field trials. Spring rainfall in the region where a field is located and cultivar tolerance influence yield loss. Tolerance has proved difficult to define for many UK potato cultivars in field trials but uncertainty can be avoided without detriment by replacing it with determinacy integers. They are already determined to support optimisation of nitrogen application rates. Multiple linear regression estimates that loss caused by pre-plant populations of up to 20 viable eggs (g soil)−1 varies from ca 0.2 to 2.0% (viable egg)−1 (g soil)−1 depending on cultivar determinacy and spring rainfall. Reliability of the outcomes from scenario analysis requires validation in field trials with population densities over which planting is advisable.

Interspecific Aggression by a Rabid Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blake Sasse ◽  
Susan Weinstein ◽  
David A. Saugey
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Aggression ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Eastern Red Bat

The influence of food availability, quality and body size on patch selection of coexisting grazer ungulates in western Serengeti National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bukombe ◽  
Andrew Kittle ◽  
Ramadhan B. Senzota ◽  
Hamza Kija ◽  
Simon Mduma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Patch Selection ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
Dietary Niche

Context Differences in body size and mouth morphologies influence dietary resource separation among savanna ungulates, and this influences their distribution across landscape. Aim The aim was to understand the influence of body size and mouth morphology differences on both diet and patch selection by ungulate species in western Serengeti. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) for ungulate species, the relative body sizes and muzzle widths (mean muzzle width range: 3.1- 9.85) relate directly to food biomass, and to quality of diets selected in the wet season when food is abundant; (2) in the wet season, if food is not limiting, similar-sized species should exhibit greater dietary niche overlap than ungulate species that differ greatly in body size and muzzle width; moreover, similar-sized species exhibit less dietary niche overlap than ungulate species that differ greatly in body size. Methods In the western Serengeti ecosystem, road transects and direct observation were used to obtain data on the distribution and diet of five ungulate species namely buffalo, zebra, wildebeest, topi and impala; which have of varying sizes (range: 70–630kg) feeding in three different vegetation types. Grassland biomass, structure, nutrient content and ungulate use were measured at sites along transects. Key Results Results indicated that large-bodied ungulates utilised patches of greater food abundance compared with those of smaller ungulates. Body mass was also negatively correlated with diet quality, so that smaller animals ate higher protein and lower-fibre foods, as predicted. Diet niche overlap (niche similarity) showed a strong positive relationship with body mass differences among ungulate species, in support of the second of the two predictions from this hypothesis, namely that dissimilarly sized species could eat the same food. Conclusion Overall, the results suggest that in this savanna system, variation in ungulate body size influences resource separation even in the food-abundant wet season, and that this helps multiple species to co-exist. Implications Implementing more focused conservation strategies will improve wildlife habitat quality by integrating fire as a forage management tool with grazing preferences to promote forage heterogeneity in protected areas.

scholarly journals Regulation and Practice of Forest-Management Fires on Private Lands in the Southeast United States: Legal Open Burns versus Certified Prescribed Burns

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-402
Author(s):  
Xue Han ◽  
Gregory E Frey ◽  
Changyou Sun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Southeast United States

Abstract Abstract Forest-management burns have been widely acknowledged as a useful land-management tool in the United States. Nevertheless, fire is inherently risky and may lead to severe damages or create smoke that affects public health. Past research has not explored the difference in policy and practice between open burns, which meet minimum legal criteria, and certified prescribed burns, which follow a higher standard of care. This study seeks to understand the distinction between legal open burns and certified prescribed burns, and, furthermore, to identify trends by type of burn in the Southeast United States. To that end, we compared statutes, regulations, incentives, and notifications of fire as a forest-management tool among nine states in the US Southeast. We found no steady time trends in number or area of burns among the states for the past decade. A nontrivial proportion of legal open burns, which tend to be smaller burns, are noncertified burns, meaning they meet minimum legal requirements, but not the higher standard required for certified prescribed burns.

Landscape-wide flight activity by wintering bats predictably follows pulses of warmth in the Midwestern United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Arndt ◽  
Steven L Lima
Keyword(s):  
Flight Activity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Winter Activity ◽  
Big Brown Bats ◽  
Acoustic Recording ◽  
Distance Travel ◽  
Long Distance Travel ◽  
Winter Hibernation

Abstract During winter hibernation, bats may become active for a variety of reasons. Such winter activity occurs at or near hibernacula, but the degree to which this activity represents long-distance travel across a wider landscape largely is unstudied. We documented patterns in landscape-wide winter activity across a west-central Indiana study site, providing some new insights into winter flight activity. We deployed acoustic recording devices in areas without any known hibernacula, each night from December through March over three consecutive winters. Twilight temperatures (1 h post-sunset) ranged from −23°C to 21°C across three winters. We recorded 4,392 call files and attributed 89% to a phonic group based on characteristic frequencies. Flight activity was recorded at all stations and during all winter months. Nightly activity mainly was a function of the temperature on that night. We recorded low-phonic bats (most likely big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus) down to −4°C, but most activity occurred when twilight temperatures were &gt; 0°C. Mid-phonic bat activity (most likely eastern red bats, Lasiurus borealis) occurred when temperatures were &gt; 0°C, with most activity occurring when temperatures were &gt; 5°C. Wind speeds &gt; 6 m/s tended to suppress activity. The duration of inactive periods during cold spells had no effect on activity during subsequent warm nights, indicating no increasing drive for activity following long periods of inactivity. Most activity occurred within a few hours of sunset, regardless of temperature. Little pre-sunset activity was recorded in low-phonic bats, but mid-phonic bats sometimes were active in the hour before sunset. Our results suggest widespread and potentially long-distance travel by bats across our study area during warm periods, but the impetus behind this activity remains unclear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document