scholarly journals Radial Growth Response of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) after Increasing the Availability of Water Resources

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Czyżyk

In the years 1998–2022, about eight thousand hydrotechnical facilities were built or planned for construction at the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland, which could slow down the outflow of water from small forest catchments and store over 50 hm³ of water. Due to the innovative and unprecedented nature of investments retaining water resources on forest land, having a significant impact on the adaptation and mitigation of the negative effects of climate change, the literature on the subject lacks in studies describing their impact on the adjacent forest environment. The aim of the presented research is to determine the evolution of the tree-ring width of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) before and after the reconstruction of two water reservoirs and the construction of gates in drainage ditches as part of small retention projects in lowland areas. The research was carried out on the basis of core drillings collected in four forest districts and climate data provided by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute. In the first stage of the work, no statistically significant influence of climatic conditions on the shaping of growths was demonstrated. In the next step, the variability of increments and their width in individual years before and after the investment was examined. Then, the distance of individual trees from reservoirs and drainage ditches was analyzed, as well as its importance in forming increments. The calculated statistical significance of differences in increments, average, minimum and maximum values, as well as standard deviation indicated the possible influence of retention reservoirs and valves on shaping the increments. The study did not confirm the importance of the distance of trees from the newly available water resources in the growth of the width of the increments.

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Bernardo Starling Dorta do Amaral ◽  
João Filadelfo de Carvalho Neto ◽  
Richarde Marques da Silva ◽  
José Carlos Dantas

As características específicas das chuvas variam entre regiões, e o conhecimento da sua potencialidade erosiva é necessário para o planejamento dos recursos hídricos. Este estudo determinou a erosividade, analisou a variabilidade espacial da precipitação e o coeficiente de chuva para o Estado da Paraíba mediante técnicas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dados climatológicos de 98 estações climatológicas da Embrapa, com séries de 1911 a 1990. Em seguida as informações sobre a erosividade foram processadas cartograficamente. O valor médio anual da erosividade das chuvas com base no índice EI30 para o Estado da Paraíba foi de 5.032,03 MJ.mm/ha/h, valor que representa o Fator “R” da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE). As equações de regressão entre erosividade e precipitação e coeficiente de chuva não foram significativas. As principais conclusões são que: (a) os índices de erosividade encontrados são maiores na zona litorânea do que nas demais porções do Estado, e (b) as erosividades encontradas variaram de acordo com os valores da precipitação.   A B S T R A C T Specific rainfall characteristics vary among regions and their erosion potential must be known for the planning of water resources. This study analyzed the erosivity and rainfall variability and precipitation coefficient for Paraíba State based on Geographic Information Systems techniques. In order In this paper 98 climatological stations of Embrapa were used, with rainfall data of 1911 to 1990. For this study we use d climate data from 98 weather stations of Embrapa, with series from 1911 to 1990. Additionally we processed the information of the erosivity index cartographically by year and microregions. The mean annual value of erosivity was 5,032.03 MJ.mm/ha/h, which is to be used as “R” Factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) for Paraíba State and surrounding regions with similar climatic conditions. The main conclusions are that: (a) erosivity indexes are higher in coastal areas than in inland areas, and (b) the erosivity range according to the precipitation.   Keywords: erosivity, rainfall, water resources   


2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmi Hilasvuori ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Eloni Sonninen ◽  
Heikki Tuomenvirta ◽  
Högne Jungner

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrida Pliopaitė Bataitienė ◽  
Donatas Butkus

Artificial radionuclides entered the environment mostly as a result of nuclear explosions, accidents at nuclear power plants and are entering due to the operation of the nuclear industry. After entering the environment, radionuclides spread globally at the world level, affect all environmental components and accumulate here. One of such environmental components is the tree. It, as if a historical chronicle, fixes the previous contamination and the former climatic conditions. One of the ways to read that chronicle is to estimate the radionuclide soil‐to‐tree transfer factors and coefficients. This work presents and analyses the experimental data of a study on the transfer of radionuclides from the soil to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The report investigates the transfer of 90Sr and 137Cs from a soil layer of 0–20 cm to Scots pine wood. For investigation, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was selected. Its growing site is in Alytus district, in a woody territory, where it falls into an increased radioactive contamination patch. On this growing site, sandy soils are prevailing. It is identified that 90Sr transfer factor to the pinewood under study ranges from 0.005 ± 0.002 to 0.315 ± 0.002, and transfer coefficients from (0.2 ± 0.1) •10–4 to (4.0 ± 0.6) •10–4m2/kg. Meanwhile, the coefficients of 137Cs transfer from the soil to Scots pine wood ranges from – (4.0 ± 1.0) • 10–4 m2/kg to (8.0 ± 2.0) • 10–4 m2/kg. The identified mean transfer coefficients of 137Cs are approximately five times higher than mean coefficients of 90Sr transfer from soil to wood. Santrauka Dirbtines kilmes radionuklidai daugiausiai i aplinka pasklido del vykdytu branduoliniu sprogdinimu, avariju atominese elektrinese ir tebepatenka veikiant branduolinei pramonei. Pateke i aplinka, radionuklidai globaliai pasklinda ir veikia visus aplinkos komponentus bei juose kaupiasi. Vienas iš tokiu aplinkos komponentu yra medis. Jis tarsi istorijos metraštis fiksuoja buvusia užtarša ir buvusias klimatines salygas. Vienas iš būdu perskaityti ši metrašti – radionuklidu pernašos iš dirvožemio i medi faktoriu ar koeficientu vertinimas. Darbe pateikiami ir analizuojami eksperimentiniai radionuklidu pernašos iš dirvožemio i paprastaja puši (Pinus sylvestris L.) duomenys. Nagrinejama 90Sr ir 137Cs pernaša iš 0–20 cm dirvožemio sluoksnio i paprastosios pušies mediena. Tirti parinkta paprastoji pušis (Pinus sylvestris L.). Jos augaviete yra Alytaus apskrityje miškingoje teritorijoje, kuri patenka i didesnes radioaktyviosios užtaršos zona. Šioje augavieteje vyrauja priesmelio tipo dirvožemiai. Nustatyta, kad 90Sr pernašos i tiriamaja pušies mediena faktorius kinta nuo 0,005±0,002 iki 0,315±0,002, o pernašos koeficientai – nuo (0,2 ± 0,1)•10–4 iki (4,0±0,6)•10–4 m2/kg. 137Cs pernašos iš dirvožemio i paprastosios pušies mediena koeficientai kinta nuo (4,0±1,0)•10–4 m2/kg iki (8,0±2,0)•10–4 m2/kg. Nustatyti 137Cs pernašos vidutiniai koeficientai yra apytiksliai 5 kartus didesni nei vidutiniai 90Sr pernašos iš dirvožemio i mediena koeficientai. Резюме Искусственные радионуклиды в окружающей среде появились вследствие ядерных взрывов, аварий на атомных электростанциях и выпадений при работе ядерной промышленности. Радионуклиды распространяются в атмосфере и накапливаются в компонентах окружающей среды. Одним из компонентов окружающей среды являются деревья. Они как бы записывают историю случившегося загрязнения окружающей среды и климатические условия прошлого. Один из способов прочтения такого ежегодника – изучение факторов или коэффициентов переноса радионуклидов из почвы в деревья. В статье анализируются экспериментальные данные о поступлении радионуклидов в сосну (Pinus sylvestris L.) из почвы. Изучается перенос 90Sr и 137Cs из слоя почвы толщиной 0–20 см в компоненты сосны. Местом роста анализируемой сосны (Pinus sylvestris L.) послужила лесная местность в Алитусском районе, в которой после Чернобыльской катастрофы зафиксировано повышенное радиоактивное загрязнение. На этом участке доминирует супесь. Было установлено, что фактор передачи 90Sr из почвы в сосну варьирует от 0,005±0,002 до 0,315±0,002, а коэффициенты – от (0,2 ± 0,1) · 10–4 до (4,0±0,6) · 10 –4 m 2 /кg. Коэффициент переноса 137Cs из почвы в древесину сосны варьирует от (4,0±1,0) · 10–4 m 2 /kg до (8.0±2.0) · 10–4 m 2 /кg. Установлено, что средний коэффициент переноса 137Cs из почвы в древесину сосны (Pinus sylvestris L.) примерно в 5 раз больше, чем коэффициент переноса 90Sr.


Author(s):  
Valery P. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Sergey I. Marchenko ◽  
Dmitry I. Nartov ◽  
Leonid P. Balukhta

Predicting tree growth processes is important due to the exceptional ecosystem role of forests, which carry out global climate regulation by sequestrating carbon, conserving drinking water, and providing habitat for living organisms. Trees are known to respond to any fluctuations in the environment. The research purpose is to identify weather and climatic factors that significantly affect the inhibition of growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in conditions of constant moisture deficit. The studies were carried out in the eastern part of the Bryansk region within the territory the Bryansk administrative district, in the educational and experimental forestry of the Bryansk State Engineering and Technological University and the Styazhnovskoye forest district. Methods of dendrochronology were used to assess the response of 93 pine trees to fluctuations in the external environment by changing the width of annual rings (available anatomical feature of a tree) using indices of radial growth. An original approach was proposed to analyze the reasons for a sharp decline in the annual radial growth under the influence of temperature and precipitation. The years with abnormally low increments (1963, 1972, 1985, 2002 and 2010) were identified against the background of the weather-climatic situation for 5 years before and after the fall in growth. Similar dynamics of absolute values of radial increments and their indices was established, which is caused by fluctuations of natural factors, manifestation of hereditary traits, etc. Significant differences were revealed between the growth rates at average multiyear values of January, May and August air temperatures with growth rates in the years of abnormally low radial growth, which are observed in pine against the background of colder January and warmer May and August of the current year, as well as under the condition of warmer January of the previous year. At the same time, no significant role of precipitation was detected. The obtained data, expanding the idea of the features of growth processes and formation of annual increments in diameter of Scots pine in the conditions of changing climate at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, allowed us to suggest a possible manifestation of physiological features of the species, the homeostasis optimum zone of which is located in the conditions of colder boreal climate. This information expands our understanding of the features of growth processes and formation of annual increments in diameter of Scots pine in changing climatic conditions.


Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Rydell ◽  
Mikael Bergström ◽  
Torbjörn Elowson

Abstract The durability of 566 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) samples was tested during a period of 9 years of exposure to weather in Sweden. The parameters investigated were heartwood/sapwood, origin, surface treatment, end-seal, storage and drying method, annual ring width and density. The weight was measured on 67 occasions during 9 years in order to assess the moisture content of the samples. The mass loss was determined for each sample at the end of the trial. Sapwood had a higher moisture uptake and a higher mass loss compared with heartwood. Even if sapwood was painted with an impermeable paint and then end-sealed, it still had higher average moisture content than heartwood. The results also demonstrated that sapwood was more sensitive to different handling conditions than heartwood. Sapwood was sensitive to air-drying and water storage, which was evident in the higher moisture uptake. In terms of mass loss, some differences were evident but they were not statistically significant due to the large standard deviation of the sapwood samples from water-stored logs. The only positive influence of water storage was on samples end-dipped in oil. One explanation could be that water storage led to increased permeability due to bacterial attack, which in turn enhanced the penetration of the oil. Heartwood had low and stable moisture dynamics during the test period, almost independent of treatment or handling conditions. No correlation with moisture uptake or mass loss was evident among annual ring width, origin or density.


2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Tore Ericsson

Abstract Wood density was analysed and annual ring width was measured on increment cores from 1400 trees in a 30-year-old full-sib progeny test of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in north Sweden. Genetic parameters for wood density were analysed separately for ten outer annual rings, and for simple averages of the five most recent years. The evaluation included genetic correlations with height and stem diameter. Heritabilities of density estimated separately for each annual ring was 0.14-0.26 without any age trend, and jointly for the ten or five latest rings 0.30-0.33; for height growth it was 0.30-0.42 and for stem diameter 0.11-0.13. Additive genetic correlations with height and stem diameter were negative with the simplest statistical model (ȓA = -0.425 and 0.511, respectively) but vanished or diminished when ring width was added as covariate. Density breeding values calculated for the parent trees for each of ten annual rings separately varied considerably between parent trees and between years, tending to increase with increasing age, with a substantial increase between the ages 14 to 16 years from the pith. This age fits well with literature data on the change from juvenile to mature wood. The genetic correlation for wood density between rings from different years was high: ȓA = 0.8 ten years apart, increasing to 1.0 for neighbouring rings. The high genetic correlations for wood density between the innermost and outermost annual rings indicate possible strong covariation between juvenile and/or transition wood and mature wood. The annual variation in wood density in relation to genetic regulation, phenology, environmental conditions, and development from juvenile to mature age is discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Bernard Cedro

Abstract The aim of the present work was to characterize the growth – climate relationship of pines growing in the Szczecin city forests in intensively used recreational areas and to identify the effect of air pollutants emitted by a nearby chemical factory on tree-ring width. Our research area was located in the Głębokie forest complex, which is one of the most frequently visited. The chemical factory Police that produces fertilizers is located at a distance 11 km away from the study plot. The largest emissions of pollutants from the factory in terms of volume occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s. Wood samples were collected from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with the Pressler borer from 30 trees and examined using standard dendrochronological methodology. The result was a local chronology of 169 years from 1848–2016. Dendroclimatological analyses indicated that the weather conditions at the turn from winter to spring are the dominant factors influencing radial growth. For example, higher than average temperatures in February, March and April result in a wide tree-ring in the upcoming growth season. Following Nowacki and Abram’s method, we also determined the relative growth change in order to delimit the timeframe when air pollution potentially alters tree-ring width. Due to the lack of data for the period 1848–1945, the increasing and decreasing relative growth could not be linked to specific events. For the period 1944–1972 however, we observed and increase in the tree-ring width, which in this case can be attributed to favorable weather conditions. The final period, 1973–1991, on the other hand showed the strongest decline in annual growth throughout our chronology and this was largely due to the nearby chemical factories, which released huge amounts of pollution into the atmosphere during this period. At present, despite new technologies and a decrease in overall production by the nearby chemical factory, we found a negative trend in ring width dynamics indicating a need for pollutant monitoring and further research.


Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhong Dang ◽  
Ping Lu ◽  
Wenbin Yang ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Jun Zhang

Determining plant–water relationships in response to drought events can provide important information about the adaptation of trees to climate change. The Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv), as one of the major tree species to control soil loss and desertification in northern China, has experienced severe degradation in recent decades. Here, we aimed to examine the impacts of a two-year consecutive drought and another year of drought on the radial growth, transpiration, and canopy stomatal conductance of Mongolian Scots pine over a five-year period, especially in terms of its recovery after drought. The study period during 2013–2017 consisted of a ‘normal’ year, a ‘dry year’, a ‘very dry’ year, a ‘wet’ year, and a ‘dry’ year, according to annual precipitation and soil moisture conditions. Based on measurements of the sap flow and diameters at breast height of 11 sample trees as well as the concurrent environmental factors, we quantified the reductions in tree radial growth, transpiration, and canopy stomatal conductance during the drought development as well as their recovery after the drought. The results showed that the tree radial growth, transpiration, and canopy stomatal conductance of Mongolian Scots pines decreased by 33.8%, 51.9%, and 51.5%, respectively, due to the two consecutive years of drought. Moreover, these reductions did not fully recover after the two-year drought was relieved. The minimum difference of these parameters between before and after the two-year consecutive drought period was 8.5% in tree radial growth, 45.1% in transpiration levels, and 42.4% in canopy stomatal conductance. We concluded that the two consecutive years of drought resulted in not only large reductions in tree radial growth and water use, but also their lagged and limited recoveries after drought. The study also highlighted the limited resilience of Mongolian Scots pine trees to prolonged drought in semi-arid sandy environmental conditions.


2016 ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Romanov ◽  
Tatiana Nureeva ◽  
Yuriy Demakov ◽  
Nikolay Eremin

Wildfires occur in the Republic of Mari El (Russian Federation) from time to time, that is why reforestation work is very important in the region. Some risks arise in the course of forest reproduction at fire-sites. Wastelands formation, May beetle outburst (Melolontha melolontha), fire recurrence are the most typical risks. Predominance in the forests (sandy soil) of the Republic of Mari El of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) determines regeneration of this very species. Accelerated growth of pine in fire-sites is achievable through artificial forest regeneration. The goal of our research is to study the influence of different technologies of plantation establishment in fire-sites on their development and productivity and assess possible risks mitigation in establishment and cultivation of the plantations. Eight different plots of planted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were studied. These plots are rectangular (?-1, K-1, ?-3, ?-4, ?-5), square (?-2) and spot planting (?-2, ?-3) plots. The initial density of the planted trees was different in the plots; it was low (?-1, ?-2, ?-3), mean (?-4) and high (?-1, ?-5). It was revealed that in the plots where trees were planted with high initial density (more than 10000 trees per hectare) the risk of May beetle outburst was reduced due to quick canopy closure (up to 3-4 years). Two-row spot planting of Scots pine and leaving the wide inter-rows (?-2, ?-3) makes it possible to carry out the prevention measures and contributes to forest environment preservation and natural regeneration of broadleaved species.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document