Stability of climate signal in carbon and oxygen isotope records and ring width from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmi Hilasvuori ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Eloni Sonninen ◽  
Heikki Tuomenvirta ◽  
Högne Jungner
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope

scholarly journals Effects of mistletoe removal on growth, N and C reserves, and carbon and oxygen isotope composition in Scots pine hosts

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai-Feng Yan ◽  
Arthur Gessler ◽  
Andreas Rigling ◽  
Matthias Dobbertin ◽  
Xing-Guo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope

Mass loss and moisture dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed outdoors above ground in Sweden

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Rydell ◽  
Mikael Bergström ◽  
Torbjörn Elowson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Abstract The durability of 566 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) samples was tested during a period of 9 years of exposure to weather in Sweden. The parameters investigated were heartwood/sapwood, origin, surface treatment, end-seal, storage and drying method, annual ring width and density. The weight was measured on 67 occasions during 9 years in order to assess the moisture content of the samples. The mass loss was determined for each sample at the end of the trial. Sapwood had a higher moisture uptake and a higher mass loss compared with heartwood. Even if sapwood was painted with an impermeable paint and then end-sealed, it still had higher average moisture content than heartwood. The results also demonstrated that sapwood was more sensitive to different handling conditions than heartwood. Sapwood was sensitive to air-drying and water storage, which was evident in the higher moisture uptake. In terms of mass loss, some differences were evident but they were not statistically significant due to the large standard deviation of the sapwood samples from water-stored logs. The only positive influence of water storage was on samples end-dipped in oil. One explanation could be that water storage led to increased permeability due to bacterial attack, which in turn enhanced the penetration of the oil. Heartwood had low and stable moisture dynamics during the test period, almost independent of treatment or handling conditions. No correlation with moisture uptake or mass loss was evident among annual ring width, origin or density.

scholarly journals Estimating Genetic Parameters for Wood Density of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Tore Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Annual Rings

Abstract Wood density was analysed and annual ring width was measured on increment cores from 1400 trees in a 30-year-old full-sib progeny test of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in north Sweden. Genetic parameters for wood density were analysed separately for ten outer annual rings, and for simple averages of the five most recent years. The evaluation included genetic correlations with height and stem diameter. Heritabilities of density estimated separately for each annual ring was 0.14-0.26 without any age trend, and jointly for the ten or five latest rings 0.30-0.33; for height growth it was 0.30-0.42 and for stem diameter 0.11-0.13. Additive genetic correlations with height and stem diameter were negative with the simplest statistical model (ȓA = -0.425 and 0.511, respectively) but vanished or diminished when ring width was added as covariate. Density breeding values calculated for the parent trees for each of ten annual rings separately varied considerably between parent trees and between years, tending to increase with increasing age, with a substantial increase between the ages 14 to 16 years from the pith. This age fits well with literature data on the change from juvenile to mature wood. The genetic correlation for wood density between rings from different years was high: ȓA = 0.8 ten years apart, increasing to 1.0 for neighbouring rings. The high genetic correlations for wood density between the innermost and outermost annual rings indicate possible strong covariation between juvenile and/or transition wood and mature wood. The annual variation in wood density in relation to genetic regulation, phenology, environmental conditions, and development from juvenile to mature age is discussed.

Stable carbon and oxygen isotope variability of modern pollen from nine abundant European tree species.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Müller ◽  
Manja Hethke ◽  
Frank Riedel ◽  
Gerhard Helle
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope

<p>A detailed understanding of the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of modern pollen is crucial for the interpretation of fossil δ<sup>13</sup>C<em><sub>pollen</sub></em> and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub><em>pollen</em> </sub>values. To broaden our knowledge of pollen-isotope ratios we investigated the isotope ranges of nine abundant tree species from central and northern Europe (vegetation periods 2015 and 2016).</p><p>In general, the isotope values of modern pollen are highly species-specific and yield site-specific patterns. Trees of different locations revealed distinct δ<sup>13</sup>C<em><sub>pollen</sub></em> and δ<sup>18</sup>O<em><sub>pollen</sub></em> patterns for maritime and continental growing conditions and for high and low altitudes. Furthermore, pollen-isotope ratios reflect the time of blossoming. δ<sup>13</sup>C<em><sub>pollen</sub></em> values of broad-leaved species flowering before leaf proliferation (Janurary to March; <em>Alnus glutinosa</em> and <em>Corylus avellana</em>) are on average 2.6‰ lower in comparison to broad-leaved and coniferous trees flowering during late spring and early summer (April to June; <em>Acer pseudoplatanus</em>, <em>Betula pendula</em>, <em>Carpinus betulus</em>, <em>Fagus sylvatica</em>, <em>Picea abies</em>, <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Quercus robur</em>). δ<sup>18</sup>O<em><sub>pollen</sub></em> values yielded similar results, which are on average 3.1‰ lower for species flowering early in the year. An intra-annual analysis of Betula pendula and Pinus sylvestris pollen revealed increased δ<sup>18</sup>O<em><sub>pollen</sub></em> values during the last stages of pollen-maturation, whereas δ<sup>13</sup>C<em><sub>pollen </sub></em>values of both species remain consistent during late pollen development. Additionally, pollen-isotope values vary markedly within individual trees. Circumferential and height-dependent variations within single trees can be as high as 3.5‰ for δ<sup>13</sup>C<em><sub>pollen</sub></em> and 2.1‰ for δ<sup>18</sup>O<em><sub>pollen</sub></em>.</p><p>Our results suggest that local environmental conditions are generally reflected in the carbon and oxygen pollen-isotopes, but some species seem to reflect the conditions more closely than others. The data indicate that it may even be feasible to reconstruct intra-annual climate conditions by analysing isotopes of species whose pollen develop during different seasons throughout the year.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions and air pollution on radial growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Szczecin’s city forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Bernard Cedro
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Chemical Factory

Abstract The aim of the present work was to characterize the growth – climate relationship of pines growing in the Szczecin city forests in intensively used recreational areas and to identify the effect of air pollutants emitted by a nearby chemical factory on tree-ring width. Our research area was located in the Głębokie forest complex, which is one of the most frequently visited. The chemical factory Police that produces fertilizers is located at a distance 11 km away from the study plot. The largest emissions of pollutants from the factory in terms of volume occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s. Wood samples were collected from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with the Pressler borer from 30 trees and examined using standard dendrochronological methodology. The result was a local chronology of 169 years from 1848–2016. Dendroclimatological analyses indicated that the weather conditions at the turn from winter to spring are the dominant factors influencing radial growth. For example, higher than average temperatures in February, March and April result in a wide tree-ring in the upcoming growth season. Following Nowacki and Abram’s method, we also determined the relative growth change in order to delimit the timeframe when air pollution potentially alters tree-ring width. Due to the lack of data for the period 1848–1945, the increasing and decreasing relative growth could not be linked to specific events. For the period 1944–1972 however, we observed and increase in the tree-ring width, which in this case can be attributed to favorable weather conditions. The final period, 1973–1991, on the other hand showed the strongest decline in annual growth throughout our chronology and this was largely due to the nearby chemical factories, which released huge amounts of pollution into the atmosphere during this period. At present, despite new technologies and a decrease in overall production by the nearby chemical factory, we found a negative trend in ring width dynamics indicating a need for pollutant monitoring and further research.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Response of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) after Increasing the Availability of Water Resources

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Czyżyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Before And After

In the years 1998–2022, about eight thousand hydrotechnical facilities were built or planned for construction at the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland, which could slow down the outflow of water from small forest catchments and store over 50 hm³ of water. Due to the innovative and unprecedented nature of investments retaining water resources on forest land, having a significant impact on the adaptation and mitigation of the negative effects of climate change, the literature on the subject lacks in studies describing their impact on the adjacent forest environment. The aim of the presented research is to determine the evolution of the tree-ring width of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) before and after the reconstruction of two water reservoirs and the construction of gates in drainage ditches as part of small retention projects in lowland areas. The research was carried out on the basis of core drillings collected in four forest districts and climate data provided by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute. In the first stage of the work, no statistically significant influence of climatic conditions on the shaping of growths was demonstrated. In the next step, the variability of increments and their width in individual years before and after the investment was examined. Then, the distance of individual trees from reservoirs and drainage ditches was analyzed, as well as its importance in forming increments. The calculated statistical significance of differences in increments, average, minimum and maximum values, as well as standard deviation indicated the possible influence of retention reservoirs and valves on shaping the increments. The study did not confirm the importance of the distance of trees from the newly available water resources in the growth of the width of the increments.

scholarly journals Influence of climate change on carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation factors between glucose and α-cellulose of pine wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sensuła ◽  
Anna Pazdur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fractionation Factor ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fractionation Factors

Abstract We present the first analysis of the influence of climate change on carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation factors for two saccharides (glucose and α-cellulose) of pine wood. The conifers grew in the Niepołomice Forest in Poland and the annual rings covered a time span from 1935 to 2000 AD. Glucose samples from acid hydrolysis of α-cellulose were extracted from annual tree rings. The carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation factors between glucose and α-cellulose were not stable over time. The mean value for the carbon isotope fractionation factors between glucose and α-cellulose was greater than unity. The mean value for the oxygen isotope fractionation factors between glucose and α-cellulose was lower than unity. We established, with respect to climate change, the significance of the interannual and intraannual variation in the carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation factors between both saccharides. We used moving interval correlation results for May of the previous year through September of the current year using a base length of 48 years. The relationship with summer temperature is the main climate signal in the carbon isotope fractionation factor between glucose and α-cellulose. The relationship with autumn sunshine is the main climate signal in the oxygen isotope fractionation factor between glucose and α-cellulose for the tree ring chronology.

scholarly journals Relationship of tracheid length, annual ring width, and wood density in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees from different social classes of tree position in the stand

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7492-7508
Author(s):  
Ewa Fabisiak ◽  
Beata Fabisiak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between the length of the tracheids, the width of annual rings, and the wood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) obtained from the dominant, intermediate, and suppressed classes of a 60-year-old stand. Measurement of tracheid length was performed on the material macerated from the following annual rings: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and thence every 5 annual rings. Basic density was determined on samples that included five annual rings from the core to bark. Tree position in the stand had a significant impact on the examined properties of wood. In a given biosocial class, tracheid length decreased as the width of annual rings increased. As the biosocial position of a tree in the stand improved, the length of the tracheids increased, and wood density decreased. In wood of the same density range, the increment in tracheid length was the greatest in wood of dominant trees and the lowest in wood of suppressed trees.

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