scholarly journals Effect of Tree Density on Seed Production and Dispersal of Birch (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrhs)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Zetian Liu ◽  
Matthew Evans
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Seed Trap ◽  
Downy Birch

Silver and downy birch (Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrhs) are pioneer species which play an important role in forest regeneration in disturbed areas. Knowledge of birch seed production and dispersal is key to making good predictions of the persistence and colonization of birch. Both processes can be affected by the density of trees in the neighbourhood. In this study, we studied the seed production and dispersal of birch trees in two plots in Wytham Woods, UK, in 2015, and investigated the potential effect of neighbourhood tree density. We applied inverse modelling to seed trap data, incorporating tree density around the source tree and on the seed path to estimate birch fecundity and the dispersal kernel of the seeds. We show that the pattern of dispersed seeds was best explained by a model that included an effect of tree density on seed dispersal. There was no strong evidence that conspecific or heterospecific tree density had an effect on birch fecundity in Wytham Woods. A birch with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 20 cm is estimated to have produced ~137,000 seeds in 2015. Mean dispersal distance in an open area is estimated to be 65 m but would be reduced to 38 m in a closed stand. Both the mean dispersal distance and the probability of long-distance dispersal of birch decreases in dense environments. Areas with higher tree density also would intercept more seeds. These results highlight the importance of considering tree density in the neighbourhood and in the overall landscape when predicting the colonization and recruitment of birch.

scholarly journals Effects of Predicted Reduced Summer Rainfall on Growth and Development of Silver Birch (Betula Pendula Roth) and Downy Birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Dhirendar Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Christine Cahalan ◽  
Sunita Ulak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Downy Birch ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

Climate is one of the major factors that govern the distribution of tree species. Climate change has already affected the growth, structure and distribution of trees and woodlands. Global climate change projections are wetter winters, drier summers and significance changes in temperature regimes in the next few decades. The main objective of this study was to experimentally demonstrate the effects of decline in summer rainfall, as predicted by UKCP09/IPCC, on height and diameter growth in two co-occurring silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh) and provide further understanding of the changes in growth and development in response to a decrease in water availability. One-year-old seedlings were grown in a temperature-controlled greenhouse for eight weeks in a split-plot experimental design. Their height and diameter were measured and analyzed. Result showed that plant height and diameter was significantly reduced with increased water stress. B. pendula showed higher physiological traits indicating that this species can perform better than B. pubescensin water-deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Earlier Flowering of Betula pendula Roth in Augsburg, Germany, Due to Higher Temperature, NO2 and Urbanity and Relationship with Betula spp. Pollen Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10325
Author(s):  
Franziska Kolek ◽  
Maria Plaza ◽  
Vivien Leier-Wirtz ◽  
Arne Friedmann ◽  
Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Random Trees ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Pollen Seasons

Flowering and pollen seasons are sensitive to environmental variability and are considered climate change indicators. However, it has not been concluded to what extent flowering phenology is indeed reflected in airborne pollen season locally. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the commonly represented in temperate climates and with highly allergenic pollen Betula pendula Roth, the responsiveness of flowering to different environmental regimes and also to check for commensurate changes in the respective pollen seasons. The region of Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany, was initially screened for birch trees, which were geolocated at a radius of 25 km. Random trees across the city were then investigated during three full flowering years, 2015–2017. Flowering observations were made 3–7 times a week, from flower differentiation to flower desiccation, in a total of 43 plant individuals. Data were regressed against meteorological parameters and air pollutant levels in an attempt to identify the driving factors of flowering onset and offset. Flowering dates were compared with dates of the related airborne pollen seasons per taxon; airborne pollen monitoring took place daily using a Hirst-type volumetric sampler. The salient finding was that flowering occurred earlier during warmer years; it also started earlier at locations with higher urbanity, and peaked and ended earlier at sites with higher NO2 concentrations. Airborne pollen season of Betula spp. frequently did not coincide locally with the flowering period of Betula pendula: while flowering and pollen season were synchronized particularly in their onset, local flowering phenology alone could explain only 57.3% of the pollen season variability. This raises questions about the relationship between flowering times and airborne pollen seasons and on the rather underestimated role of the long-distance transport of pollen.

scholarly journals The seed production and sowing seed quality of Betula pendula Roth. in the Kryvyi Rih plantations

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Petrushkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sowing Seed

We investigated the seed production and sowing seed quality from eight plantations of Betula pendula Roth., which are subject to the negative influence of exhaust gases of motor vehicles and emissions from industrial enterprises in Kryvyi Rih. In seven plantations, we revealed such changes in some morphometric parameters of female catkins: decreasing length of the petiole to 21.4 % (to 1.3 times), and the length of the catkin to 10.8 % (to 1.1 times), as well as the width of the catkin to 33.3 % (to 1,5 times); increasing of the quantity of seeds in catkins to 43.5 % (to 1.4 times) compared to the control, except the plantings near "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih", where the quantity of seeds was 21.1 % lower than in the botanical garden; increasing quantity of scales in all sites to 32.0 % (to 1.3 times); reducing percentage of pure seeds to 2.7 %; declining weight of 1000 seeds up to 20,3 % (to 1,3 times), and seed adequacy to 60 % (to 2.5 times); lowering germinative energy up to 92.9 % (to 14 times), and seed germination to 94.4 % (to 17.7 times). All these changes are due to increasing level of technogenic pollution. We ascertained that additional effect is caused by geographical location of plants and climatic factor. The seed adequacy, germinative energy, and seed germination are most sensitive indicators, which can be used for the environmental assessment.

Phytoindication of the environmental conditions by the degree of leaves damage of Betula pendula Roth

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Kristina Krupey ◽  
◽  
Katerina Obruch ◽  
A. Mihailichenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth

Оценка содержания металлов в надземных органах березы повислой в условиях полиметаллического загрязнения окружающей среды

2010 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Р. Х. Гиниятуллин ◽  
Алексей Юрьевич Кулагин
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth

Представлены материалы по оценке относительного жизненного состояния и аккумуляции металлов различными надземными органами березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth.) в условиях технического загрязнения Стерлитамакского промышленного центра (СПЦ). Показано, что насаждения березы в СПЦ способны депонировать техногенные металлы в этих условиях.

scholarly journals Towards Silviculture Guidelines to Produce Large-Sized Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Logs in Western Europe

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Héloïse Dubois ◽  
Hugues Claessens ◽  
Gauthier Ligot
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Northeastern France

Forest health problems arising from climate change, pests and pathogens are a threat to the main timber tree species. As a result, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has become a precious asset for meeting oncoming forestry challenges in western Europe. However, silviculture guidelines to produce high-value birch logs in this region are lacking. Producing large-sized birch trunks requires crown release, i.e., removing crown competitors around selected target trees. These interventions are currently seldom carried out or else too late when the growth potential of the trees has already diminished. This study set out to ascertain the diameter at breast height (dbh) that could be reached by crown-released birch, determine dbh-associated crown diameters, and further characterize the gain obtained from early crown release on birch dbh growth. We measured 704 birch trees that had undergone crown release in 38 naturally regenerated pure birch stands in southern Belgium and in northeastern France. We then evaluated the variation in stem and crown diameter, and analyzed increments in response to the earliness of the interventions in three subsamples, also compared with control target birch. We found that trees with a dbh of 50 cm could be grown within 60 years. Based on crown diameter, to produce 40, 50 and 60 cm dbh trunk, the distance required between target birch trees at the end of the rotation was around 8, 10 and 12 m. With no intervention and in ordinary dense birch regenerations, the dbh increment was found to decline once the stand reached age 4–7 years. Starting crown release in stands aged 4–5 years can double the dbh increment of target trees and provide a continual gain that may last up to 20 years. When birch crowns are released after 9–12 years, it may already be too late for them to recover their best growth rate. Our contribution should help complete emerging guidelines in support of birch silviculture development.

The seasonal activity and the effect of mechanical bending and wounding on the PtCOMT promoter in Betula pendula Roth

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Tiimonen ◽  
Hely Häggman ◽  
Chung-Jui Tsai ◽  
Vincent Chiang ◽  
Tuija Aronen
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Mechanical Bending
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