scholarly journals Analysis of Surface Deformation and Physical and Mechanical Parameters of Soils on Selected Skid Trails in the Gorce National Park

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kormanek ◽  
Janusz Gołąb
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Soil Deformation ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Soil Compactness

Skidding is considered to be one of the most stressful works for the forest environment. This paper presented the results obtained from the analysis of soil deformation and selected physical and mechanical parameters of soils on skid trails in the Gorce National Park. The study analyzed two horse and tractor skid trails that are in continuous use in the park. Measurements of parameters were recorded before (summer) and after (autumn) a total of 81 skidding cycles, using a profilometer and a penetrometer, and soil samples were collected for analysis. The measurements obtained from the horse trails indicated that soil compactness was considerably higher in the lower sections of the trails and on the side more loaded by horse traffic and the transported load, which was related to the trail course in the field. The values of penetration resistance were high in the middle of those trails, reaching 6.8 MPa in the layer up to 10 cm. In the tractor trail the values of soil compactness reached 7.62 MPa in the layer up to 10 cm deep and were similar across the width of the trail and deep into the soil profile, with only slight changes observed in the monitored period. As a result of skidding, there were increases in the maximum depth of ruts reaching up to 4.6% on horse trails and up to 10.8% on tractor trails. Soil erosion per 10 m of trail caused by skidding and other natural factors during the study reached 1.314 and 0.390 m3 for the tractor and horse trail, respectively, wherein volume of skidded wood on the tractor trail was 180.1, and 18.1 m3 on horse trails. This confirms that the volume of eroded soil on the trails is determined by the type of skidder used and volume of skidded wood, so it is important to choose the right kind of skidder based on the conditions in which the skidding work will be carried out.

scholarly journals Threats to the Serengeti Herds

Oryx ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Makacha ◽  
Michael J. Msingwa ◽  
George W. Frame
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Serengeti National Park ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Growing Population

The Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is famous for its huge herds of migrating wildebeest, zebras and other ungulates. But these herds spend much of the year in neighbouring reserves where their survival depends on preserving the right conditions. The authors made a study of two of these reserves with disturbing results. The Maswa Game Reserve they found was seriously threatened by invading (illegal) settlement with a fast-growing population cultivating land and felling trees; in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area they report that the Maasai have taken to poaching, both for subsistence meat and for trophies to sell – skins, ivory and rhino horn. In both places the guards are so poorly equipped they can do little to stop poaching.

scholarly journals A successful case of biological invasion: the fish Cichla piquiti, an Amazonian species introduced into the Pantanal, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK. Resende ◽  
DKS. Marques ◽  
LKSG. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Amazonian Fish ◽  
Paraguay River ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flooded Areas

The "tucunaré", Cichla piquiti, an exotic Amazonian fish has become established along the left bank of the Paraguay River in the Pantanal. It was introduced by escaping from culture ponds in the Upper Piquiri River and spread downstream, along the lateral flooded areas of that river, continuing through the clear waters of the left bank of the Paraguay River and reaching south as far as the Paraguai Mirim and Negrinho rivers. Adult spawners have been found in the region, meaning that it is a self-sustained population. Reproduction occurs in the period of low waters. They were found feeding on fishes of lentic environments belonging to the families Characidae, Cichlidae and Loricariidae. Until the end of 2004, its distribution was restricted to the left bank of the Paraguay River, but in March 2005, some specimens were found on the right bank, raising a question for the future: what will be the distribution area of the tucunaré in the Pantanal? Information about its dispersion is increasing: it is known to be in the Tuiuiú Lake, Pantanal National Park and in the Bolivian Pantanal, all of them on the right bank of the Paraguay River. The hypothesis that the "tucunaré" could not cross turbid waters, such as in the Paraguay River, was refuted by these recent findings. Possibly, the tucunaré's capacity to lay more than one batch of eggs in a reproductive period, as well as its care of eggs and young, lead them to establish themselves successfully in new environments, as has been observed in the Pantanal and other localities.

scholarly journals Which age group spends the most in a national park?

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cini ◽  
Melville Saayman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Older People ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
The Right

Age (and its changing structure amongst the wider population) is one of the most relevant aspects required to better understand and forecast the needs, interests and associated consumption behaviours of tourists. This research used age to investigate the expenditure patterns amongst a sample of visitors to the Table Mountain National Park (TMNP), South Africa. In March 2010, visitors to the TMNP were found to differ significantly from those at other parks, as they were younger and most of them were foreigners. This study found that younger visitors (18–29 years) were higher spenders when compared to those aged 30–49 years. As parks are generally visited by older people, this study showed the economic importance of the younger market. The research also made clear implications and recommendations for park management as to how to address these findings. Conservation implications: Conservation is dependent on funding. One of the main sources of income is tourism and tourism related activities. This research can assist marketers and managers to target the right markets in order to be more sustainable. This research also shows the importance of environmental education at an early age in order to grow awareness and to target the right markets.

scholarly journals Motivating Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation: A Case of Forest Dwellers in Nameri National Park of Assam-India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Runumi Das ◽  
Niranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Park ◽  
The South ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
The Right

This paper highlights the implementation of Forest Rights Act to conserving protected areas in the country; Forest Rights Act (2006) has been passed by the parliament of India with dual aims of protecting the right of forest dwellers and at the same time this Act tries to acquire the involvement of forest dwellers to protect forest/protected areas. The main objective of the paper is to determine the factors which influence motivation to spend efforts in terms of work hour for biodiversity conservation in Nameri National Park. A total of 78 numbers of households were interviewed from two forest villages (i.e. Torajan and Dharikati) and two encroached villages (i.e. Rihajuli and Chopaloga) located in the south buffer of Nameri National Park in Assam during March and June of 2021. Respondents in forests village are more willing to spend effort than that of encroacher’s village to conservation. Sex, age, literacy of the respondents and size of land holdings were found to be significantly related to spending time for biodiversity conservation programme. In this paper attempt has been made to emphasize the nature of motivation of the communities towards biodiversity conservation issues.

Agrarian Reform in Bolivia in the 20th and 21st Centuries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Soliz
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
The Road ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Agrarian Law ◽  
The Right

Until the 1950s, the distribution of land in Bolivia, as in the rest of Latin America, was very unequal. But in 1953, a year after the 1952 national revolution, the nationalist revolutionary movement (MNR) enacted a decree on agrarian reform that dismantled feudal haciendas in the western highlands, abolished the system of forced peasant labor, and distributed expropriated lands to peasants. While the decree proved redistributive in the Altiplano and valleys, it ended up creating new concentrations of land in Bolivia’s eastern lowlands. This area, which constituted two thirds of Bolivia’s territory, was home to a number of indigenous groups who were displaced from their lands because of the expansion of latifundio in the second half of the 20th century. In 1996, after pressure from below, the neoliberal government of Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada (1993–1997) approved a new agrarian law that recognized indigenous rights to collective territory (Tierra Comunitaria de Origen, TCO). In 2006, left-leaning President Evo Morales approved a new agrarian law. Although the new legislation mostly ratified the 1996 law, it established that only indigenous and peasant populations could be granted state lands. Despite this legislation claiming to protect the majority Indian and peasant population, scholars such as Colque, Tinta, and Sanjines note that it was under a neoliberal government, between 1996 to 2006, that much of the process of land distribution favored to indigenous groups of the lowlands, and it was under left-leaning President Evo Morales (from 2010 to the present [2018]) that much of land distribution favored medium and agricultural enterprises. The most important clash between the self-proclaimed indigenous Evo Morales and lowland indigenous groups was in September 2011 when indigenous groups living in the National Park and Indigenous Territory Isiboro Sécure (TIPNIS) protested against the government’s unilateral decision to build a road through their territory. Since 2011 (up to the present, 2018) the tension and political distance between president Morales and his loyal coca-leaf grower supporters—many of whom live on the borders of the park and are invested on the construction of the road—versus the indigenous groups of the lowlands have only grown. Ironically, it seems to be under Morales that key indigenous rights such as the right to prior consultation or the right to consolidate territories (TCOs) seem to be at the most risk.

scholarly journals Tinjauan perubahan cara bercocok tanam pada lanskap agrikultur di desa enclave Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Ngadas, Kabupaten Malang

2019 ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Dian Kartika Santoso ◽  
Antariksa Antariksa ◽  
Sri Utami
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A review of cultivation changes in agricultural landscapes in the enclave village of Bromo TenggerSemeru National Park, Ngadas, Malang Regency Ngadas village is one example of an agricultural villagelocated in the mountains. Ngadas village is located in the enclave of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park(TNBTS) in the Malang Regency, East Java. The dependence of the community on agricultural land makesNgadas have a strong agrarian image. Ngadas people do more activities in the fields than in the house. Asbasic landscape units in the form of mountains, they have a vulnerability if not used wisely. The problem ofvulnerability to erosion in the agricultural landscape, makes Ngadas Village interesting to study. Primarily,regarding the relationship of landscapes and land conservation efforts that must be made to a complexagricultural landscape. Therefore, there is a need for research that focuses on efforts to conserve land, especially in an agricultural landscape. Research is conducted through qualitative methods with spatial andqualitative descriptive comparative analysis. The results of the study show that changes in farming methodshave several disadvantages that can cause land degradation and reduced productivity in each period, includingthe shifting cultivation system to reduce nutrients, upper slopes planted with tubers and monoculture agriculture.Therefore, it is necessary to have the right recommendations, namely planting upper slopes with hard woodplants, planting with polyculture systems, and agroforestry systems applied on the upper slopes.

W. Germany: Looking at Gotterdammerung

Worldview ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Gary L. Guertner
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Park System ◽  
The Last Man ◽  
Radical Transformation

If a war broke out today, much of the combat in open spaces would have to take place in the West German national park system.—Paul Bracken, On Theater Warfare (The Hudson Institute, July 1, 1979)In the time of the Roman historian Tacitus (circa 55-117 A.D.), the area now watched over by NATO and Warsaw Pact armies was covered by a vast forest penetrated only by a network of narrow trails. A traveler could walk from Poland to the Rhine without even glimpsing the sun. As populations grew, forests gradually gave way to pastures and arable land. By the beginning of the twentieth century German geography—and military strategy—had undergone such radical transformation that Field Marshal von Schlieffen could see the North German Plain as a corridor for maneuvering thirty-four of the kaiser's divisions to outflank the French “if the last man on the right brushed the [English] Channel with his sleeve.”

The Slope Risk Analysis of Tailings Dam under the Coupling Effect of Rainstorms and Earthquakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1911-1914
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Zhi Chao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Reliability Theory ◽  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Tailings Dams ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Heavy Rains

For slope risk analysis of tailings dam, the current research focuses on treating physical and mechanical parameters of tailing materials as the basic random variables. The influence of the external natural random factors is considered little. In practice, the slope stability of tailings dam is influenced by not only their random material parameters but the various natural factors including the changes of water level and the seismic intensity size. As a rule of thumb, there might be heavy rains before the earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the slope risk of tailings dam under the coupling effect of rainstorms and earthquakes. Aiming at this problem, reliability theory was employed in this paper to study the influence under both rainstorms and earthquake actions. In this project, the slope risk analysis of tailings dams is evaluated under natural multi-random factors.

scholarly journals Some Diseases of the Hippopotamus in Uganda

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan el F. Cowan ◽  
William M. Thurlbeck ◽  
R. M. Laws
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Endomyocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Bilateral Pheochromocytoma ◽  
Lake Edward ◽  
The Right

Sixty wild hippopotami killed at random on Lake Edward, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda were autopsied. Schistosomal hepatitis and its complications, biliary coccidiosis, and fascioliasis were the most significant findings. These diseases may be of ecologic importance. A case of congenital bronchiectasis and one of bilateral pheochromocytoma were found. A tumor-like mass, possibly of viral origin, was found in a thyroid. Arteriosclerosis, a mild disease in hippopotami, with fibromuscular medial plaques, progresses throughout life. It produces no significant morbidity. Endocarditis, particularly in the right chambers, occurs frequently, apparently caused by schistosomiasis. Similarities to endemic endomyocardial fibrosis of man, particularly geographic distribution, site of lesion, and, to a lesser extent, structure of lesion, are discussed.

A new species of Namtokocoris Sites (Hemiptera: Naucoridae) from Thailand

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4320 (3) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
AKEKAWAT VITHEEPRADIT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Median Process ◽  
Subgenital Plate ◽  
The Right ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Namtokocoris was collected from the near-vertical rock surface of Krating Waterfall in Chanthaburi Province, Khao Khitchakut National Park in the eastern region of Thailand. This discovery brings the number of described species of this genus to seven. This species can be diagnosed by the lanceolate median process of the pygophore and a curved aedeagus without a hook in the male, and the straight posterior margin of mediosternite VI, slightly convex posterior margin of the subgenital plate (mediosternite VII) and weakly-developed lobe on the costal margin of the right hemelytron in the female. Illustrations of the new species including a habitus photograph, ecological notes, and diagnostic comparisons among congeners are provided. 

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