scholarly journals Nanopore-Level Wood-Water Interactions—A Molecular Simulation Study

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Jingbo Shi ◽  
Stavros Avramidis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Hysteresis Phenomenon ◽  
Sorption Site ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Simulation Input

The nanoscale wood-water interaction strength, accessible sorption sites, and cell wall pore sizes are important factors that drive water sorption and the hysteresis phenomenon in wood. In this work, these factors were quantitatively studied using molecular simulations based on a cell wall pore model, previously developed by the authors. Specifically, the wall-water interaction strength, the sorption sites network including their number, interaction range, strength, and spatial distributions were set at a series of theoretical values as simulation input parameters. The results revealed that most of the investigated parameters significantly affected both sorption isotherms and hysteresis. Water monolayers and clusters were observed on the simulated pore surface when the wood-water interaction and sorption site strength were set at unrealistically high values. Furthermore, multiple linear regression models suggested that wood-water interaction and sorption site parameters were coupled in determining sorption isotherms, but not in determining hysteresis.

scholarly journals Genetic and structural validation of phosphomannomutase as a cell wall target in Aspergillus fumigatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanwei Zhang ◽  
Wenxia Fang ◽  
Olawale G. Raimi ◽  
Deborah E. A. Lockhart ◽  
Andrew T. Ferenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Structural Validation

Cytological and histochemical characteristics of the axenic root surface of Alnus glutinosa

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2216-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Prin ◽  
Mireille Rougier
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Histochemical Tests

The aim of the present study was to investigate the Alnus root surface using seedlings grown axenically. This study has focused on root zones where infection by the symbiotic actinomycete Frankia takes place. The zones examined extend from the root cap to the emerging root hair zone. The root cap ensheaths the Alnus root apex and extends over the root surface as a layer of highly flattened cells closely appressed to the root epidermal cell wall. These cells contain phenolic compounds as demonstrated by various histochemical tests. They are externally bordered by a thin cell wall coated by a thin mucilage layer. The root cap is ruptured when underlying epidermal cells elongate, and cell remnants are still found in the emerging root hair zone. Young emerging root hairs are bordered externally by a cell wall covered by a thin mucilage layer which reacts positively to the tests used for the detection of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and anionic sites. The characteristics of the Alnus root surface and the biological function of mucilage and phenols present at the root surface are discussed in relation to the infection process.

scholarly journals A Banana PHD-Type Transcription Factor MaPHD1 Represses a Cell Wall-Degradation Gene MaXTH6 during Fruit Ripening

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei WEI ◽  
Zhongqi FAN ◽  
Jianye CHEN ◽  
Jianfei KUANG ◽  
Wangjin LU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
A Cell

Electron microscopy of the replicative events of A25 bacteriophages in group A streptococci

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Read ◽  
R. W. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Virulent Phage ◽  
Acid Pool ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Cell

The replicative events of a virulent phage (A25) infection of a group A Streptococcus (T253) were studied using the electron microscope. The first intracellular evidence of phage replication in a cell occurred 30 min after infection with arrest of cell division and increase in the nucleic acid pool. Phage heads were evident in the nucleic acid pool of the cells 45 min after infection. Release of phages occurred by splitting of the cell wall along discrete lines. This appeared to be at sites of active wall synthesis, i.e., near the region of septum formation. Many phage components were released but relatively few complete phages indicating a relatively inefficient replicative system.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the interaction range and association rate of surface-attached cadherin 11

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (16) ◽  
pp. 9256-9261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pierres ◽  
Hélène Feracci ◽  
Véronique Delmas ◽  
Anne-Marie Benoliel ◽  
Jean-Paul Thiery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Association Rate ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
The Relationship

We describe a method allowing quantitative determination of the interaction range and association rate of individual surface-attached molecules. Spherical beads (1.4 μm radius) were coated with recombinant outer domains of the newly described classical type II cadherin 11, a cell adhesion molecule. Beads were driven along cadherin-coated surfaces with a hydrodynamic force of ≈1 pN, i.e., much less than the mechanical strength of many ligand-receptor bonds. Spheres displayed periods of slow motion interspersed with arrests of various duration. Particle position was monitored with 50 Hz frequency and 0.025 μm accuracy. Nearly 1 million positions were recorded and processed. Comparison between experimental and computer-simulated trajectories suggested that velocity fluctuations might be related quantitatively to Brownian motion perpendicular to the surface. The expected amplitude of this motion was of order of 100 nm. Theoretical analysis of the relationship between sphere acceleration and velocity allowed simultaneous determination of the wall shear rate and van der Waals attraction between spheres and surface. The Hamaker constant was estimated at 2.9 × 10−23 J. The frequency of bond formation was then determined as a function of sphere velocity. Experimental data were consistent with the view that the rate of association between a pair of adhesion molecules was ≈1.2 × 10−3 s−1 and the interaction range was ≈10 nm. It is concluded that the presented methodology allows sensitive measurement of sphere-to-surface interactions (with ≈10 fN sensitivity) as well as the effective range and rate of bond formation between individual adhesion molecules.

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