scholarly journals Evaluation of Salvage Logging Productivity and Costs in the Sensitive Forests of Bulgaria

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Stanimir Stoilov ◽  
Andrea R. Proto ◽  
Georgi Angelov ◽  
Salvatore F. Papandrea ◽  
Stelian Alexandru Borz
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Productivity Rate ◽  
Steep Terrain

Steep terrain harvesting can only be implemented by a limited set of operational alternatives; therefore, it is important to be efficient in such conditions, in order to avoid incurring high costs. Harvesting abiotically-disturbed forests (salvage harvests caused by wet snow), which is becoming common these days, can significantly impact the operational efficiency of extraction operations. This study was implemented in order to evaluate the performance of truck-mounted uphill cable yarding operations in salvage logging deployed in coniferous stands. A time study was used to estimate the productivity and yarding costs, and predictive models were developed in order to relate the time consumption and productivity to the relevant operational factors, including the degree of wood damage. The average operational conditions were characterized by an extraction distance of 101 m and a lateral yarding distance of 18 m, resulting in a productivity rate of 20.1 m3 h−1. In response to different kind of delays, the productivity rate decreased to 12.8 m3 h−1. Under the prevailing conditions, lateral yarding accounted for 32% of the gross work cycle time, and for 50% of the delay-free work cycle time of the machine. Decreasing the lateral yarding distance and increasing the payload volume to the maximum capacity of the machine would eventually lead to a yarding productivity of close to 30 m3 per SMH (scheduled machine hour). The calculation of the gross costs of uphill yarding showed that the labor costs (35.7%) were slightly higher than the fixed costs (32.9%), and twice as high compared to the variable costs (17.7%). The remote control of the carriage, mechanical slack-pulling mechanisms, and radio-controlled chokers are just some of the improvements that would have led to increments in operational efficiency.

scholarly journals A Novel Automated System for the Handling of Car Seat Wires on Plastic Over-Injection Molding Machines

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
F. J. G. Silva ◽  
M. R. Soares ◽  
L. P. Ferreira ◽  
A. C. Alves ◽  
M. Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Car Seats ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
Plastic Injection

The structure of car seats is becoming increasingly complex, with mixing of wire conformation and plastic injection. The plastic over-molding process implies some labor, which can be reduced if novel solutions are applied in this manufacturing area. The handling of the wires used in car seats is the main problem identified in the process, wasting time both in the feeding and in the extraction of the molds used in the wire over-molding process. However, these machines are usually extremely compact and the free space around them is too short. In classic molding injection machines, there are just two half-molds, the female, and the male. In the over-molding process of wires used in car seats, three half-molds are used in order to increase the cycle time. Thus, to solve this problem, the classic robotic solutions are not appliable due to lack of space and elevated cost. This work describes the development of an automated solution able to handle the wires in both the feeding and the extracting phases of the production cycle, avoiding the traditional labor costs associated with this type of machine. Departing from an industrial need, the developed novel solution is described in detail and can be successfully adapted to other situations of low added-value products where it is needed to increase the productivity and competitiveness of the product. The system developed uses mechanical and pneumatic solutions which, combined, can be used to solve the identified problem, occupying a restricted space and requiring a small budget. This solution can be translated into guidelines that will allow the analysis of situations where the same system can be applied.

scholarly journals Exploring the Road to Agricultural Sustainability by Assessing the EU Debt Influencing Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2465
Author(s):  
Laura Brad ◽  
Gabriel Popescu ◽  
Alina Zaharia ◽  
Maria Claudia Diaconeasa ◽  
Daniela Mihai
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Periodic Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The importance of agricultural financing in ensuring food security and safety, jobs, poverty reduction, economic growth and more recently, climate change mitigation, natural resource conservation and sustainable development imposes periodic analysis of the factors which might influence the farmers’ financial situation, in order to improve it. One way of assessing this is to analyze the agricultural debt. In this context, based on previous models, the paper aims to assess the impact of specific factors on the agricultural debt level in the European Union during 2008–2015, as these should be considered in future common agriculture policies as well as in achieving sustainable agriculture. The research was conducted based on econometric techniques, by applying panel models in the Eviews 7.0 software-64 bit version. More than 20 variables were considered in the analysis. Some of the findings suggest that an increase in subsidies as well as the share of cash flow in the total existing capital would determine considerable reductions of the total debt. Decoupled subsidies seem to have a higher impact than coupled subsidies on short term debt, while its value is between the one found for coupled subsidies in the case of long term debt. Large farms/companies, to which decoupled payments are granted, have higher debts on long run and on total debt. The same units, to which coupled subsidies were granted, have smaller short-term debt. In contrast, the increases of labor costs, fixed costs, and crop/livestock costs lead to an increase in the total debt, since the farms require additional financial resources to cover the expanded costs. Also, the results suggest that short-term debts are mainly formed of long-term loans that reached maturity. In this case, the authors support the idea of differentiated financing programs for the agricultural activities because of their peculiarities and reinforced by the need to turn the intensive agriculture into a sustainable and plentiful one.

scholarly journals Field capacity determination from GPS spatial data

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
P. Kovaříček ◽  
J. Hůla
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Operational Factors ◽  
Concrete Operational ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Capacity Determination

For agricultural machinery management the actually reached machines capacity has a considerable importance. The data recorded by GPS monitoring enable to correct machines work productivity under concrete operational conditions. Assessment of machine aggregates operation records has proved effect of the operational factors onto operational efficiency reached on particular plots. The theoretical efficiency given by exploitation characteristics of machines has decreased effect of higher share of non-productive travels within small and irregular plots almost by 25%. In this paper we are dealing with searching for correlation between field speed and travelled unit path and defined classes of size, length and plot shape. The resulting knowledge of field efficiency on plots properties will enable to make more accurate the machines planned operation.

scholarly journals The Future of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the Banking Sector for Better Customer Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
C Vijai ◽  
S M Suriyalakshmi ◽  
M Elayaraja
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Robotic Process Automation ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Major Benefit ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Great Development

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has been a great development today. Robotic Process Automation is a useful tool for the pressing demand of the banking sector. Operation costs have been one of the focus areas in the banking sector. The major benefit of adopting RPA in the banking sector has significantly helped to reduce the costs by 30 per cents to 70 percent, and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) saves labor costs and operational efficiency, accuracy, 24/7, offer innovative services and better experience of the customer. Also, Leading banks like India, such as ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, and Axis Bank, have implemented Robotic Process Automation. The study focuses on Robotic Process Automation challenges, benefits, and significance in the banking sector. The study discussed the Robotic Process Automation world markets and applications.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FULL COSTING DAN VARIABLE COSTING UNTUK MENENTUKAN LABA BERSIH PT. BHASKARA MADYA JAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Nia Agustin Pratama ◽  
Teguh Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Cost

With the addition of profits, the company can pay all costs that are sacrificed, so that the company's operational activities are guaranteed and can run well. The problems examined in this study are intended to find out how the comparison of recording costs using the full costing method and variable costing affects the net profit of PT Bhaskara Madya Jaya. Both of these methods simultaneously involve raw materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs. What distinguishes the full costing method using fixed factory overhead loads and variable, if the variable costing only adds to the variable overhead load. Production costs that are not included in the raw material and direct labor costs are the overhead of the manufacturing plant itself. Descriptive method with a quantitative approach is the model of this research. With the use of saturated sampling. Documentation is a data collection technique that researchers use. The results of the study and details obtained by comparing the full costing method and variable costing. In detailing the cost of production, the full costing method produced a greater than the costing variable, this is due to the full costing method adding all the elements of costs, variable costs or fixed costs . Then from the results of the breakdown of net income, using the full costing method, the nominal profit is found to be far less than using the variable costing method.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHA TAPE SUCIPTO DI KELURAHAN KLEAK KOTA MANADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Nyariang Belen ◽  
Martha Mareyke Sendow ◽  
Sherly Gladys Jocom
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Profit Analysis ◽  
C Value ◽  
Fuel Costs

The purpose of this study was to analyze how much profit from the Sucipto Tape business in Kelurahan Kleak, Manado City. The study was conducted in Kelurahan Kleak Lingkungan 4, Malalayang District, Manado City. This research was conducted for 3 months starting in September 2019 until November 2019. Primary data were collected by direct interview with the owner of the Sucipto Tape business. Data collected in the form of data on the selling price of tape products, production of tape produced in one month of production, production costs involve fixed costs (electricity costs and depreciation costs) and variable costs (transportation costs, costs of main raw materials, costs of supporting materials, fuel costs , packaging costs, labor costs). The data collected was then analyzed using Profit Analysis and Revenue Cost Ratio Analysis. The results showed that the Sucipto tape business in the Kleak Kelurahan of Manado City earned a monthly profit of Rp. 1.990.332,33. The R / C value of the Sucipto Tape Business in September 2019 of 1.52 shows a number> 1, so it can be concluded that this business was profitable.*eprm*

scholarly journals Substantiation of the algorithm of information technology for energy monitoring of tractor engines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Alt ◽  
O.F. Savchenko ◽  
O.V. Elkin ◽  
I.P. Dobrolyubov
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Energy Monitoring ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Energy Indicators

It is shown that it is necessary to control the energy indicators of automotive engines to ensure the operational efficiency of agricultural machinery in operational conditions. An algorithm for monitoring the energy indicators of the machine and tractor fleet of an agricultural enterprise is proposed, reflecting the main stages of obtaining, processing, storing and applying diagnostic information. Due to the timely assessment of the state of the equipment and the performance of the necessary maintenance, the efficiency of its work is increased.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT OF COMBAT DAMAGE ELIMINATION EFFECTIVENESS AND RECOVERY OF OPERATIOANAL CAPABILITIES OF AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS MEANS OF COMBAT IN COUNTEROFFENSIVE OPERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
P. Openko ◽  
O. Doska ◽  
A. Dudush ◽  
A. Kozyr
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Combat Effectiveness ◽  
Operational Failures

The operational use of armament and military equipment (AME) and the resulting operational failures and combat damage lead to a decrease or loss of combat capability of groupings of troops. That is why the timely and high– quality implementation of a set of measures to keep the AME in operational conditions is connected with the need of solving the problem of logistical support for the timely elimination of failures and combat damage. At the same time, the effectiveness of the air defense systems recovery, taking into account the type of operation being conducted and the existing resource constraints requires a more detailed study. The aim of the article is to form a methodical approach to evaluate the effectiveness of repairing combat damage and restoring the combat effectiveness of air defense systems in a counteroffensive operation in modern conditions. Means of destruction that can be employed to inflict air defense systems in counteroffensive operation are considered. Modeling of the enemy’s use of different types of means of destruction was carried out, the obtained results substantiated the damage to the air defense systems’ means of combat, which can be sustained in a counteroffensive operation. In addition, the labor costs for recovery were calculated. Using the method of assessing the possibilities of combat damage eliminating and restoring the effectiveness of AME specimen, calculations of the recovery effectiveness of air defense system’s means of combat were performed. As indicators that characterize the capabilities of repair and restoration units to eliminate combat damage and restore the operational performance of AME, the average duration of AME specimen restoration and the probability of timely repairs, taking into account resource constraints are used. An analysis of the calculations results of the probability of timely recovery of air defense system was performed. The maximum values of labor costs for restoration and characteristics of repair and restoration units are given. The method of calculating the effectiveness of combat damage eliminating and restoring the combat effectiveness of air defense system in a counteroffensive operation under resource constraints was further developed.

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