scholarly journals Functional Analysis of Aux/IAAs and SAURs on Shoot Growth of Lagerstroemia indica through Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Lu Feng ◽  
Xiaohan Liang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Jieru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Short Shoot ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Six Genes

The plant hormone auxin plays an important role in cell division and the elongation of shoots to affect the plant architecture, which has a great impact on the plant yield, fruit quality and ornamental value; however, the regulatory mechanism of auxin controlling shoot growth is unclear in crape myrtle. In this study, two auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) genes and four small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR) genes of auxin response gene families were isolated from dwarf and non-dwarf progenies of Lagerstroemia indica and then functionally characterized. Sequence alignment revealed that the six genes contain typical conserved domains. Different expression patterns of the six genes at three different tissue stages of two types of progenies showed that the regulation mechanism of these genes may be different. Functional verification of the six genes upon shoot growth of crape myrtle was performed via virus-induced gene silencing. When the LfiAUX22 gene was silenced, a short shoot phenotype was observed in non-dwarf progenies, accompanied by decreased auxin content. Therefore, we preliminarily speculated that LfiAUX22 plays an important role in the shoot growth of crape myrtle, which regulates the accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the elongation of cells to eventually control shoot length.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the Auxin/Indoleacetic Acid Gene Family and Response to Indole-3-Acetic Acid Stress in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Xiuxia Zhang ◽  
Ruifeng Tian ◽  
Liwei Zhu ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) family genes respond to the hormone auxin, which have been implicated in the regulation of multiple biological processes. In this study, all 25 Aux/IAA family genes were identified in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by a reiterative database search and manual annotation. Our study provided comprehensive information of Aux/IAA family genes in buckwheat, including gene structures, chromosome locations, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. Aux/IAA family genes were nonuniformly distributed in the buckwheat chromosomes and divided into seven groups by phylogenetic analysis. Aux/IAA family genes maintained a certain correlation and a certain species-specificity through evolutionary analysis with Arabidopsis and other grain crops. In addition, all Aux/IAA genes showed a complex response pattern under treatment of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These results provide valuable reference information for dissecting function and molecular mechanism of Aux/IAA family genes in buckwheat.

Effects of Indole Amides on Lettuce and Onion Germination and Growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 485-490
Author(s):  
Thiago F. Borgati ◽  
Maria Amelia D. Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Inhibitory Compound ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Germination

3Auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), are important in plant germination and growth, while physiological polyamines, such as putrescine, are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, and their concentrations increase during germination. In this work, novel indole amides were synthesized in good yields by monoacylation of morpholine and unprotected symmetrical diamines with indole-3-carboxylic acid, a putative metabolite of IAA, possessing no auxin-like activity. These amides were tested for their effects on seed germination and growth of the radicles and shoots of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Allium cepa (onion) seedlings, at 100.0, 1.0, and 0.01 μM concentrations. Germination was generally stimulated, with the exception of amide , derived from morpholine, at 100 μM. On radicle and shoot growth, the effect of these compounds was predominantly inhibitory. Compound 3 was the best inhibitor of growth of lettuce and onion, at the highest concentration. Amides, such as propanil, among others, are described as having herbicidal activity

scholarly journals RrGT2, A Key Gene Associated with Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Rosa rugosa, Was Identified Via Virus-Induced Gene Silencing and Overexpression

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Sui ◽  
Mingyuan Zhao ◽  
Zongda Xu ◽  
Lanyong Zhao ◽  
Xu Han
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Rosa Rugosa ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Color Phenotype

In this study, a gene with a full-length cDNA of 1422 bp encoding 473 amino acids, designated RrGT2, was isolated from R. rugosa ‘Zizhi’ and then functionally characterized. RrGT2 transcripts were detected in various tissues and were proved that their expression patterns corresponded with anthocyanins accumulation. Functional verification of RrGT2 in R. rugosa was performed via VIGS. When RrGT2 was silenced, the Rosa plants displayed a pale petal color phenotype. The detection results showed that the expression of RrGT2 was significantly downregulated, which was consistent with the decrease of all anthocyanins; while the expression of six key upstream structural genes was normal. Additionally, the in vivo function of RrGT2 was investigated via its overexpression in tobacco. In transgenic tobacco plants expressing RrGT2, anthocyanin accumulation was induced in the flowers, indicating that RrGT2 could encode a functional GT protein for anthocyanin biosynthesis and could function in other species. The application of VIGS in transgenic tobacco resulted in the treated tobacco plants presenting flowers whose phenotypes were lighter in color than those of normal plants. These results also validated and affirmed previous conclusions. Therefore, we speculated that glycosylation of RrGT2 plays a crucial role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in R. rugosa.

scholarly journals Solution of the multistep pathway for assembly of corynanthean, strychnos, iboga, and aspidosperma monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from 19E-geissoschizine

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 3180-3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Qu ◽  
Michael E. A. M. Easson ◽  
Razvan Simionescu ◽  
Josef Hajicek ◽  
Antje M. K. Thamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Six Genes

Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) possess a diversity of alkaloid skeletons whose biosynthesis is poorly understood. A bioinformatic search of candidate genes, combined with their virus-induced gene silencing, targeted MIA profiling and in vitro/in vivo pathway reconstitution identified and functionally characterized six genes as well as a seventh enzyme reaction required for the conversion of 19E-geissoschizine to tabersonine and catharanthine. The involvement of pathway intermediates in the formation of four MIA skeletons is described, and the role of stemmadenine-O-acetylation in providing necessary reactive substrates for the formation of iboga and aspidosperma MIAs is described. The results enable the assembly of complex dimeric MIAs used in cancer chemotherapy and open the way to production of many other biologically active MIAs that are not easily available from nature.

scholarly journals Mugwort Control in an Abandoned Nursery Using Herbicides That Mimic Indole-3-Acetic Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Koepke-Hill ◽  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
William E. Klingeman ◽  
Mark A. Halcomb ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Current Standards

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine if two indole-3-acetic acid herbicide mimics, aminopyralid and aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, applied at 70, 140, and 280 g·ha−1 postemergence (POST) would control mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) in an abandoned nursery. These were compared with the commercial standards picloram at 280 g·ha−1 a.i. and clopyralid at 280 g·ha−1. In the field study, picloram and clopyralid controlled mugwort 75% and 31% by 365 days after treatment (DAT), respectively. In contrast, aminopyralid and aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl applied at 140 g·ha−1 controlled mugwort over 90% by 365 DAT. In the greenhouse study, aminopyralid and aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl applied at 140 g·ha−1 controlled mugwort 92% and 96% respectively, although aminopyralid at 70 g·ha−1 provided better visual control (94%) in comparison with aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl (79%) at 70 g·ha−1. Regardless, following shoot growth removal at 30 DAT, mugwort failed to regrow by 60 DAT following exposures to all rates of both herbicides. On the basis of these studies, aminopyralid and aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl have potential to provide excellent control of mugwort compared with the current standards clopyralid and picloram.

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