scholarly journals Effects of Bt-Cry1Ah1 Transgenic Poplar on Target and Non-Target Pests and Their Parasitic Natural Enemy in Field and Laboratory Trials

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Pu Wang ◽  
Hui Wei ◽  
Weibo Sun ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Peijun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Transgenic Poplar ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Transgenic Poplars ◽  
Genetic Engineering Technology ◽  
Chouioia Cunea

Increasing areas of artificial afforestation and poplar monoculture in China have led to serious problems with insect pests. The development of genetic engineering technology, such as transgenic modification with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes, provides novel solutions to the pest problem. We generated a Bt-Cry1Ah1 gene incorporating codon optimization and transferred it into Populus deltoides × P. euramericana cv “Nanlin895” using an Agrobacterium-mediated method. The resulting Bt-Cry1Ah1 transgenic poplars were planted in the field with permission from the State Forestry Administration in 2017. Field and laboratory studies were conducted in Jiangsu, China, to investigate the effects of these transgenic poplars expressing the Cry1Ah1 protein on target and non-target pests and their parasitic natural enemy. Target pests included Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), Micromelalopha troglodyta (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae), and Clostera anachoreta (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) served as the non-target pest. Laboratory trials showed that the six transgenic poplar lines exhibited resistance against the target insects. The corrected mortality rates of the target pest larvae fed leaves from the six lines were as high as 87.0%, significantly higher than that of the control. However, the corrected mortality rate of the non-target pest larvae was markedly lower and did not differ significantly from that of the control. Field experiments showed that transgenic poplar exhibited resistance against H. cunea and M. troglodyta. Field mortality rates were slightly higher than laboratory mortality rates. In addition, we investigated Chouioia cunea (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) as a parasitoid of H. cunea pupae that had been fed transgenic poplar leaves. The emergence time, parasitism rate, and abundance of C. cunea did not differ significantly from those of the control. Therefore, Bt-Cry1Ah1 transgenic poplar can be used to effectively control damage by target insect pests without negatively affecting non-target insects and parasitoids.

scholarly journals Dampak Tanaman Transgenik Bt terhadap Populasi Serangga Pengendali Hayati

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Bahagiawati A. Husin
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Resistance To Insects ◽  
Sequential Experiments ◽  
Genetic Engineering Technology ◽  
The Impact

<p class="p1">An alternative technique to improve plant resistance to insect pests is plant transformation using the genetic engineering technology. Several transgenic plants resistant to insect have been produced and commercially released to environment in some industrial and developing countries. Before release, transgenic plants need to be assessed for their potential risks to human health and environment. One of the environmental risk assessments is the potential risk to non-target insects, including the biocontrol insects. Laboratories, glasshouse, and field experiments have been conducting the study of the impact of transgenic plant resistance to insect, especially transgenic Bt plants to the population of predators and parasitoids. However the results were controversial. The objective of this review is to inform some of controversial results, and to suggest serial experiments need to be done to solve the problem. The impact of the transgenic plant resistance to insects depends on several factors, such as genes that are used to transform the plants, the kind of plant pests, and the kind and stages of the insect natural enemies. Results of the experiments were influenced by sites of the experiments (laboratory, glasshouse, or field) and contact of the natural enemies to the toxin. Some experiments showed that the transgenic Bt plants have no impact to the natural enemies population, and otherwise. Due to the controversial results, the experiment and assessment should be done in depth and carefully studied. A sequential experiments need to be adopted to avoid the misleading interpretation, and the assessment need to be based on a case by case study.</p>

scholarly journals Relative potency of a novel acaricidal compound from Xenorhabdus, a bacterial genus mutualistically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Incedayi ◽  
Harun Cimen ◽  
Derya Ulug ◽  
Mustapha Touray ◽  
Edna Bode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Mutant Strains

AbstractOur study aimed to identify the novel acaricidal compound in Xenorhabdus szentirmaii and X. nematophila using the easyPACId approach (easy Promoter Activated Compound Identification). We determined the (1) effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from mutant strains against T. urticae females, (2) CFS of the acaricidal bioactive strain of X. nematophila (pCEP_kan_XNC1_1711) against different biological stages of T. urticae, and females of predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus, (3) effects of the extracted acaricidal compound on different biological stages of T. urticae, and (4) cytotoxicity of the active substance. The results showed that xenocoumacin produced by X. nematophila was the bioactive acaricidal compound, whereas the acaricidal compound in X. szentirmaii was not determined. The CFS of X. nematophila (pCEP_kan_XNC1_1711) caused 100, 100, 97.3, and 98.1% mortality on larvae, protonymph, deutonymph and adult female of T. urticae at 7 dpa in petri dish experiments; and significantly reduced T. urticae population in pot experiments. However, the same CFS caused less than 36% mortality on the predatory mites at 7dpa. The mortality rates of extracted acaricidal compound (xenocoumacin) on the larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult female of T. urticae were 100, 100, 97, 96% at 7 dpa. Cytotoxicity assay showed that IC50 value of xenocoumacin extract was 17.71 μg/ml after 48 h. The data of this study showed that xenocoumacin could potentially be used as bio-acaricide in the control of T. urticae; however, its efficacy in field experiments and its phytotoxicity need to be assessed in future.

scholarly journals Exploiting Thrips Aggregation Pheromones to Develop a Lure-and-Kill Strategy for the Management of the Bean Flower Thrips

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
David K. Mfuti ◽  
Amanuel Tamiru ◽  
William D. J. Kirk ◽  
Adeyemi O. Akinyemi ◽  
Heather Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Management Alternative ◽  
Trap Catches

The potential of semiochemicals to lure insect pests to a trap where they can be killed with biopesticides has been demonstrated as an eco-friendly pest management alternative. In this study, we tested two recently characterized male-produced aggregation pheromones of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), namely (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major) and (R)-lavandulol (minor), for their field efficacy. Moreover, compatibility of these pheromones and two other thrips attractants, Lurem-TR and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, with the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 has been determined. Our study revealed that the M. sjostedti aggregation pheromones have dose-dependent antifungal effects on the EPF viability, but showed no fungistatic effect at a field-realistic dose for attraction of thrips. (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate had similar antifungal effects as neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate 8 days after exposure; whereas, Lurem-TR had a stronger antifungal effect than other thrips attractants. In the semi-field experiments, all autoinoculation devices maintained at least 86% viability of M. anisopliae conidia after 12 days of exposure. Field trials demonstrated for the first time that (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate increases trap catches. Our findings pave a way for designing a lure-and-kill thrips management strategy to control bean flower thrips using autoinoculation devices or spot spray application.

scholarly journals Comparative Experimental Effects of Intercropping and Cypermethrin on Insect Pest Infestation and Yield of Maize, Cowpea and Okra in Two Cameroonian Agro-Ecological Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Patient Farsia Djidjonri ◽  
Nukenine Elias Nchiwan ◽  
Hartmut Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The present study investigates the effect of intercropping (maize-cowpea, maize-okra, maize-okra-cowpea, okra-cowpea) compared to insecticide application on the level of infestation of insect pests and the final yield of maize, cowpea and okra. Field experiments were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons in the Guinean Savannah (Dang-Ngaoundere) and Sudano Sahelian (Gouna-Garoua) agro-ecological zones in Cameroon. Our experimental design was a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block with four replications. The main factor was assigned to the use of insecticide (Cypermethrin) and sub plots were devoted for cropping systems. We compared the efficiency of intercropping to that of Cypermethrin application on the Yield of maize, cowpea and okra as influenced by insect pest damages. The comparison of monocropped sprayed by Cypermethrin to unsprayed showed that, in Dang, insect pests reduced maize yield by 37% and 24% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was lower than 8% during the both years. Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea in Dang represented 47% and 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was 55% and 63% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017. Crop yield was lower in intercropping compared to monoculture due to competition of plants in association on different resources. Considering the total yields obtained from each intercropping, intercropping trials resulted generally in higher yields compared to mono-culture (LER > 1) in both sites and years but the respective yields were quite different. On the basis of the results obtained, we recommend maize-cowpea intercropping as a sustainable solution to reduce the infestation level of their pest insects.

Seasonal Incidence of Major Sternorrhynchan Insect Pests Infesting Arecanut In South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Dubey ◽  
C.M. Kalleshwaraswamy ◽  
B.K. Shivanna
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Pseudococcus Longispinus ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Chrysomphalus Aonidum

Field experiments were conducted during 2019-20 to know the seasonal incidence of three species of sternorrhynchan insect pests infesting in arecanut viz., whitefly, Aleurocanthus arecae, armoured scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum and mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus in two different locations under southern transitional zone. The study revealed that, all the three species infesting arecanut were active throughout the year. Correlation studies of whiteflies showed that, rainfall was significantly positively correlated and maximum temperature and sunshine hours were significantly negatively correlated. For armoured scales, non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature and for the mealybug resulted that the maximum temperature was significantly positively correlated whereas the relative humidity was significantly negatively correlated.

scholarly journals Application of Trap Cropping as Companion Plants for the Management of Agricultural Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shovon Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Zhongren Lei
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Trap Cropping

Companion planting is a well-known strategy to manage insect pests and support a natural enemy population through vegetative diversification. Trap cropping is one such type of special companion planting strategy that is traditionally used for insect pest management through vegetative diversification used to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an alternative preferred choice. Trap crops not only attract the insects for feeding and oviposition, but also act as a sink for any pathogen that may be a vector. Considerable research has been conducted on different trap crops as companion plant species to develop improved pest management strategies. Despite this, little consensus exists regarding optimal trap cropping systems for diverse pest management situations. An advantage of trap cropping over an artificially released natural enemy-based biological control could be an attractive remedy for natural enemies in cropping systems. Besides, many trap crop species can conserve natural enemies. This secondary effect of attracting natural enemies may be an advantage compared to the conventional means of pest control. However, this additional consideration requires a more knowledge-intensive background to designing an effective trap cropping system. We have provided information based on different trap crops as companion plant, their functions and an updated list of trap cropping applications to attract insect pests and natural enemies that should be proven as helpful in future trap cropping endeavors.

Survey of the native insect natural enemies of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.Q. Yang ◽  
X.Y. Wang ◽  
J.R. Wei ◽  
H.R. Qu ◽  
X.R. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Fall Webworm ◽  
Chouioia Cunea

AbstractThe fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), is an invasive and important pest in China. Investigations on insect natural enemies have been conducted from 1996 to 1999 in five provinces and one municipality of China in order to select effective species for biological control. Two carabid predators (Coleoptera) and 25 parasitoid species were found, among which 23 were parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera), including five hyperparasitic species and two tachinid flies (Diptera). The two carabids preyed on young larvae inside webs, two braconid wasps parasitized larvae, and 18 parasitoid species attacked the fall webworm during the pupal and/or ‘larval-pupal’ stages. Among these parasitoids, there were one genus and nine species that are new to science and four species new to China, which were described and published by the senior author Yang. The average parasitism rates of fall webworm pupae were 25.8% and 16.1% in the overwintering generation and the first generation (summer generation), respectively. These findings reveal that these natural enemies play an important role in the natural control of the pest. Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious pupal endo-parasitoid, was recommended as a promising biological control agent against the fall webworm in China.

THE EFFECT OF COMPANIONATE PLANTING ON LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS OF CABBAGE

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Latheef ◽  
R.D. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
Natural Pest Control

Companionate planting is one of many insect control strategies propounded by organic growers. A variety of herbs are purported to possess repellent properties to many insect pests of vegetables (Rodale 1975; Yepsen 1976; Hill 1976; Anonymous 1977a). According to Atsatt and O'Dowd (1976), repellent plants are members of plant defense guilds which prevent herbivores from locating their hosts. Perrin and Phillips (1978) reviewed the elements of natural pest control characteristic of mixed cropping systems and outlined suggestions for transferring these elements to “agronomically acceptable” monocultures. However, very little work has been done to substantiate these claims and field evidence of the protective properties of companionate plants is, therefore, warranted. This becomes all the more important because of the dramatic increase in home gardening recently in North America. It is estimated that 33 million home and community gardens were grown in the United States during 1976 and 1977 (Anonymous 1977b). Here we describe the results of field experiments in which we sought to quantify the effect of companionate plants against major lepidopteran pests of cabbage in southside Virginia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document