scholarly journals Comparative Experimental Effects of Intercropping and Cypermethrin on Insect Pest Infestation and Yield of Maize, Cowpea and Okra in Two Cameroonian Agro-Ecological Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Patient Farsia Djidjonri ◽  
Nukenine Elias Nchiwan ◽  
Hartmut Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The present study investigates the effect of intercropping (maize-cowpea, maize-okra, maize-okra-cowpea, okra-cowpea) compared to insecticide application on the level of infestation of insect pests and the final yield of maize, cowpea and okra. Field experiments were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons in the Guinean Savannah (Dang-Ngaoundere) and Sudano Sahelian (Gouna-Garoua) agro-ecological zones in Cameroon. Our experimental design was a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block with four replications. The main factor was assigned to the use of insecticide (Cypermethrin) and sub plots were devoted for cropping systems. We compared the efficiency of intercropping to that of Cypermethrin application on the Yield of maize, cowpea and okra as influenced by insect pest damages. The comparison of monocropped sprayed by Cypermethrin to unsprayed showed that, in Dang, insect pests reduced maize yield by 37% and 24% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was lower than 8% during the both years. Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea in Dang represented 47% and 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was 55% and 63% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017. Crop yield was lower in intercropping compared to monoculture due to competition of plants in association on different resources. Considering the total yields obtained from each intercropping, intercropping trials resulted generally in higher yields compared to mono-culture (LER > 1) in both sites and years but the respective yields were quite different. On the basis of the results obtained, we recommend maize-cowpea intercropping as a sustainable solution to reduce the infestation level of their pest insects.

Stock and stability of organic carbon in soils under major agro-ecological zones and cropping systems of sub-tropical India

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 107317
Author(s):  
Nirmalendu Basak ◽  
Biswapati Mandal ◽  
Ashim Datta ◽  
Manik Chandra Kundu ◽  
Arvind Kumar Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

scholarly journals Application of Trap Cropping as Companion Plants for the Management of Agricultural Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shovon Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Zhongren Lei
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Trap Cropping

Companion planting is a well-known strategy to manage insect pests and support a natural enemy population through vegetative diversification. Trap cropping is one such type of special companion planting strategy that is traditionally used for insect pest management through vegetative diversification used to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an alternative preferred choice. Trap crops not only attract the insects for feeding and oviposition, but also act as a sink for any pathogen that may be a vector. Considerable research has been conducted on different trap crops as companion plant species to develop improved pest management strategies. Despite this, little consensus exists regarding optimal trap cropping systems for diverse pest management situations. An advantage of trap cropping over an artificially released natural enemy-based biological control could be an attractive remedy for natural enemies in cropping systems. Besides, many trap crop species can conserve natural enemies. This secondary effect of attracting natural enemies may be an advantage compared to the conventional means of pest control. However, this additional consideration requires a more knowledge-intensive background to designing an effective trap cropping system. We have provided information based on different trap crops as companion plant, their functions and an updated list of trap cropping applications to attract insect pests and natural enemies that should be proven as helpful in future trap cropping endeavors.

scholarly journals Еffect of insect infestation on the economic value of smoked fish sold in selected markets in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
A.A. Ayeloja ◽  
F.O.A. George ◽  
W.A. Jimoh ◽  
G.L. Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Abstract. In the present study a multistage sampling technique using semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio- economic characteristics of the respondents and on economic loss of smoked fish resulting from insect pest infestation. Smoked fishes were bought from 10 markets in Oyo state, South West of Nigeria and checked in the laboratory for the insect pests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Results indicated that insects at their larvae stage cause more economic loss to smoked fish than adult insects while Necrobia rufipes and Dermestes spp. are the insects found to infest the smoked fishes in this study. The insect infestation of the smoked fish leads to huge economic loss. Of all respondent groups the women dominate smoked fish business.

THE EFFECT OF COMPANIONATE PLANTING ON LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS OF CABBAGE

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Latheef ◽  
R.D. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
Natural Pest Control

Companionate planting is one of many insect control strategies propounded by organic growers. A variety of herbs are purported to possess repellent properties to many insect pests of vegetables (Rodale 1975; Yepsen 1976; Hill 1976; Anonymous 1977a). According to Atsatt and O'Dowd (1976), repellent plants are members of plant defense guilds which prevent herbivores from locating their hosts. Perrin and Phillips (1978) reviewed the elements of natural pest control characteristic of mixed cropping systems and outlined suggestions for transferring these elements to “agronomically acceptable” monocultures. However, very little work has been done to substantiate these claims and field evidence of the protective properties of companionate plants is, therefore, warranted. This becomes all the more important because of the dramatic increase in home gardening recently in North America. It is estimated that 33 million home and community gardens were grown in the United States during 1976 and 1977 (Anonymous 1977b). Here we describe the results of field experiments in which we sought to quantify the effect of companionate plants against major lepidopteran pests of cabbage in southside Virginia.

scholarly journals Management of Blue Gum Chalcid (Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) infestation on different species of Eucalyptus trees in Kalu district, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Tigabu Redae Alle ◽  
Adane Tesfaye Lema ◽  
Seid Muhie Dawud
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Leptocybe Invasa ◽  
Control Application ◽  
Blue Gum

The recently introduced chalcid pest known as the Blue Gum Chalcid (BGC) (L. invasa) is currently one of the major insect pests of Eucalyptus tree species in Ethiopia. A research was conducted in Kalu district, South Wollo, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, the main objective of which was to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic insecticides, hoeing and water showering options against BGC. Two parallel experiments were conducted in the nursery and in the field. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. saligna, E. viminalis, E. citrodora and E. globulus were considered in the nursery at Chorisa. One to three-year old E. camaldulensis plantations were considered at Tikuro plantation site. At the nursery, seven treatments and at the field 10 treatments were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications from January to February 2019, where treatments were applied 3 times at 15-day intervals. Results from the 1-year old plantation revealed that application of Dimethoate 40%, Carbofuran 3G and Dimethoate 40% + hoeing followed by Carbofuran 3G + hoeing and Thiamethoxam 25WG were effective in checking the BGC insect pest infestation. In the 3-year old plantation, Carbofuran 3G significantly reduced the infestation followed by Dimethoate 40%. At the nursery, Dimethoate 40% and Carbofuran 3G reduced the infestation followed by Carbofuran 3G + Dimethoate 40% and thiamethoxam 25WG. Water showering and hoeing did not reduce BGC infestation in all cases at the field plantations. Treatments that received synthetic insecticides and hoeing had low infestation, the reason for which was the insecticide rather than the hoeing, because the hoeing alone didn’t differ from the control. Application of Dimethoate 40% and Carbofuran 3G with hoeing and weeding activities were recommended to manage and limit BGC insect pest infestations.

scholarly journals Effect of cassava-legume intercropping systems on productivity and cassava insect pests population dynamics across three major agro-climatic zones of Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
Augustine Mansaray ◽  
Abdul Babatunde Karim ◽  
Thomas B R Yormah ◽  
Abdul Rahman Conteh ◽  
Marie Yomeni
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Severity Scores

Field trials were conducted in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 cropping seasons in three agro-climatic zones of the country to evaluate the productivity and insect pests population dynamics of cassava as a response to spatial arrangement, plant architecture and cropping systems. The treatments consisted of seven cropping associations, two cassava architectures and two spatial arrangements. The study reveals that yield parameters of cassava were higher in cassava-soybean system at all locations. The number of marketable roots and forage yield were on average higher when the erect cassava variety was intercropped with the legumes using the 1 m x 1m spatial arrangement. On the other hand, root yield and canopy width were higher when the 2 m x 0.5 m spatial arrangement and the branched cassava architecture was used respectively. In general, yield parameters were higher at Segbwema expect for forage yield that was higher at Makeni. With respect to cassava insect pests, higher percentage incidences and severity scores were recorded on sole cassava and when the branched cassava variety was intercropped with legumes using the 2 m x 0.5 m spatial arrangement of cassava. In addition, cassava insect pests incidences were only observed at 6 MAP and 9MAP and were higher in Segbwema compared to the other locations. Thus, in order to improve productivity of cassava with low insect pest infestation, the erect cassava variety should be intercropped with soybean at a spatial arrangement of 1 m x 1 m.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties and Yield of Sesame (sesamum indicum l.) Varieties in Southern Guinea and Sudan Savanna Agro-Ecological Zones of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Usman M. ◽  
Ali A. ◽  
Olatunji O.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Field experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the effect of fertilizer application on soil properties and yield of sesame varieties in Southern Guinea and Sudan Savanna Agro-ecological Zones of Nigeria. Treatments consisted of three varieties of sesame (Jigida, NCRIBEN-01M and NCRIBEN-032) and four levels of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer (0, 50,100 and 150 kg ha-1). Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated thrice. Prior to planting, surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected from eight points and bulked; post-harvest composite soil samples were also collected on the basis of treatments. All soil samples were analyzed using standard analytical procedures. Data on yield parameters collected include number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, length of capsule (cm), 1000 capsule weight (g), 1000 seeds weight (g) and seed yield (t ha-1). The crop data generated from the study were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Genstat Release 10.3 DE after which significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5 % level of probability. Results indicated that the soils of both locations were inherently poor in essential plant nutrients. The improved varieties (NCRIBEN-01M and NCRIBEN-032) performed better than the local variety in terms of yields in both cropping seasons. Sesame yield increased with increase in fertilizer application rates up to 150 kg ha-1. The effect of varieties on soil properties did not differ significantly however, the improved varieties left lower essential nutrients in soil when compared with the local variety. Fertilizer application at 150 kg ha-1 favoured the retention of organic matter as well as other essential nutrient elements in soil. Location effect showed that the Potiskum soil had more nutrients than that of Makurdi. For sustainable sesame production and maintenance of soil fertility in both locations, application of 150 kg ha-1 of NPK 15:15:15 to sesame fields is recommended.

scholarly journals Assessing the Productivity of Common Bean in Intercrop with Maize across Agro-Ecological Zones of Smallholder Farms in the Northern Highlands of Tanzania

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Eliakira Kisetu Nassary ◽  
Frederick Baijukya ◽  
Patrick Alois Ndakidemi
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume for food and cash of the smallholder farmers worldwide. However, the total potential benefits to be derived from the common bean as a source of food and income, its complementarities with non-legume food crops, and significance to the environment are underexploited. Intensification of common bean could provide approaches that offer new techniques to better manage and monitor globally complex systems of sustainable food production. Therefore, this study tried to assess the productivity of common bean bushy varieties when are involved as part of an intercrop with maize (Zea mays L.) in varying agro-ecological zones. The factors evaluated were the cropping seasons/years (S) (2015 and 2016), agro-ecological zones (A) above sea level (lower 843 m, middle 1051 m, upper 1743 m), and cropping systems (C) (sole, intercrop). The data collected were the total biomass, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, 100-seed weight as yield components, and grain yield. Bean and maize grain yields were used to calculate the partial (P) and total land equivalent ratio (LER). Results indicated that the main effects of S, A, C, and the interaction effects of S × A, S × C, S × A × C were significant on bean grain yields. Interactions of S × A × C were also significant on all measured variables. Results also indicated that continuous intercropping of bean with maize over two cropping seasons resulted in the increase of bean grain yields from 1.5 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the lower altitude, 2.0 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the middle altitude, and 1.8 to 2.9 t ha−1 in the upper altitude. Land utilization advantage of intercrops over monocultures yielded a total LER of 1.58, whereas the average partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) of individual beans was 1.53.

Responses of Irish potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to mineral and organic fertilizer in various agro-ecological environments in Kenya

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Recke ◽  
H. F. Schnier ◽  
S. Nabwile ◽  
J. N. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
K Value ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to application of inorganic and organic fertilizer was studied in long-term field experiments between 1987 and 1994. Responses to phosphorus and nitrogen were tested at 27 sites and to potassium at 17 sites. The sites represented various agro-ecological zones in Kenya. Phosphate (triple superphosphate, TSP) and nitrogen (calcium ammonium nitrate, CAN) fertilizer were applied at 0, 25, 50 or 75 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 0, 25, 50 or 75 kg N ha−1. Potassium (muriate of potash) was tested mainly on sites with low levels of K in the soil at rates of 0 or 50 kg K2O ha−1. Farmyard manure was applied at 0 or 5 t ha−1 with or without N and/or P2O5 fertilizer.Over the study period average yields varied considerably between sites and agro-ecological zones. At 16 of the 27 sites, potatoes responded strongly to the application of P2O5 and at 9 sites to N application. A significant response to K2O application was found at three out of the 17 sites. Nutrient use efficiency ranged from 13 to 214 kg tubers per kg P2O5 and from 20 to 113 kg tubers per kg N applied. In the majority of the sites, both N and P response followed a linear function which suggests that application rates higher than 75 kg N ha−1 and/or 75 kg P2O5 ha−1 could be beneficial. Economic analysis revealed that in most cases fertilizer application was highly profitable for potatoes.The critical soil P value was about 15 ppm (mod. Olsen) for optimal potato nutrition; on soils with higher P levels generally no P response was found. The respectively critical soil K value was found to be about 0.55 meq 100 g−1 (modified Olsen). Farmyard manure at 5 t ha−1 significantly increased yields of potatoes at 9 of the 27 sites. On soils with P levels below 12 ppm, there was a positive effect on potato yields with a combination of 50 kg P2O5 ha−1 and farmyard manure, although significant differences were achieved in only one out of the 19 sites.

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