scholarly journals Leaf Photosynthetic Capacity of Sunlit and Shaded Mature Leaves in a Deciduous Forest

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Guangman Song ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Jia Jin
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Equivalent Water Thickness

A clear understanding of the dynamics of photosynthetic capacity is crucial for accurate modeling of ecosystem carbon uptake. However, such dynamical information is hardly available and has dramatically impeded our understanding of carbon cycles. Although tremendous efforts have been made in coupling the dynamic information of photosynthetic capacity into models, using “proxies” rooted from the close relationships between photosynthetic capacity and other available leaf parameters remains the popular selection. Unfortunately, no consensus has yet been reached on such “proxies”, leading them only applicable to limited cases. In this study, we aim to identify if there are close relationships between the photosynthetic capacity (represented by the maximum carboxylation rate, Vcmax) and leaf traits for mature broadleaves within a cold temperature deciduous forest. This is based on a long-term in situ dataset including leaf chlorophyll content (Chl), leaf nitrogen concentration (Narea, Nmass), leaf carbon concentration (Carea, Cmass), equivalent water thickness (EWT), leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf gas exchange measurements from which Vcmax was derived, for both sunlit and shaded leaves during leaf mature periods from 2014 to 2019. The results show that the Vcmax values of sunlit and shaded leaves were relatively stable during these periods, and no statistically significant interannual variations occurred (p > 0.05). However, this is not applicable to specific species. Path analysis revealed that Narea was the major contributor to Vcmax for sunlit leaves (0.502), while LMA had the greatest direct relationship with Vcmax for shaded leaves (0.625). The LMA has further been confirmed as a primary proxy if no leaf type information is available. These findings provide a promising way to better understand photosynthesis and to predict carbon and water cycles in temperate deciduous forests.

The photosynthetic response of American chestnut seedlings to differing light conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1714-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Joesting ◽  
Brian C. McCarthy ◽  
Kim J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest

Restoration attempts to reintroduce American chestnut trees to the eastern deciduous forest by means of a disease-resistant Chinese–American hybrid seed are in progress. Knowing the light conditions required for optimum seedling performance is necessary to maximize the success of reintroduction. American chestnut ( Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) seedlings were planted in two replicate forests in Vinton County, Ohio, in areas that had been thinned (more available light) and in control areas (intact canopy, less available light). The photosynthetic capacity of 12 seedlings per treatment was assessed using an infrared gas-exchange analyzer. Seedlings in the thinned treatment reached light-saturating rates of photosynthesis at an irradiance level approximately 33% higher than did the seedlings in the control treatment. Seedlings grown in the thinned treatment had a significantly greater maximum rate of photosynthesis (Amax), dark respiration rate (Rd), and daily carbon gain per seedling than seedlings grown in the control treatment. The light compensation point (LCP), quantum efficiency (ϕ), leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf nitrogen concentration per unit leaf area (Narea) were not significantly different between treatments. American chestnut seedlings in the thinned treatment clearly maximize leaf-level photosynthetic capacity. These results will aid land managers in planning reintroduction trials by providing information on the light conditions required for maximum seedling success.

scholarly journals Is photosynthetic enhancement sustained through three years of elevated CO2 in a 175 year old oaks?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M Gardner ◽  
David S Ellsworth ◽  
Kristine Y Crous ◽  
Jeremy Pritchard ◽  
Rob A Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Mature Trees

Current carbon cycle models attribute rising atmospheric CO2 as the major driver of the increased terrestrial carbon sink, but with substantial uncertainties. The photosynthetic response of trees to elevated atmospheric CO2 is a necessary step, but not the only one, for sustaining the terrestrial carbon uptake, but can vary diurnally, seasonally and with duration of CO2 exposure. Hence we sought to quantify the photosynthetic response of the canopy-dominant species, Quercus robur, in a mature deciduous forest to elevated CO2 (eCO2) (+150 μmol mol-1 CO2) over the first three years of a long-term free air CO2 enrichment facility at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research in central England (BIFoR FACE). Over three thousand measurements of leaf gas exchange and related biochemical parameters were conducted in the upper canopy to assess the diurnal and seasonal responses of photosynthesis during the 2nd and 3rd year of eCO2 exposure. Measurements of photosynthetic capacity via biochemical parameters, derived from CO2 response curves, (Vcmax and Jmax) together with leaf nitrogen concentrations from the pre-treatment year to the 3rd year of eCO2 exposure, were examined. We hypothesized an initial enhancement in light-saturated net photosynthetic rates (Asat) with CO2 enrichment of +37% based on theory but also expected photosynthetic capacity would fall over the duration of the study. Over the three-year period, Asat of upper-canopy leaves was 33 ± 8% higher (mean and standard error) in trees grown in eCO2 compared with ambient CO2 (aCO2), and photosynthetic enhancement decreased with decreasing light. There were no significant effects of CO2 treatment on Vcmax or Jmax, nor leaf nitrogen. Our results suggest that mature Q. robur may exhibit a sustained, positive response to eCO2 without photosynthetic downregulation, suggesting that, with adequate nutrients, there will be sustained enhancement in C assimilated by these mature trees. Further research will be required to understand the location and role of the additionally assimilated carbon.

scholarly journals Unique contributions of chlorophyll and nitrogen to predict crop photosynthetic capacity from leaf spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Kaiyu Guan ◽  
Zhihui Wang ◽  
Elizabeth A Ainsworth ◽  
Ting Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance

Abstract The photosynthetic capacity or the CO2-saturated photosynthetic rate (Vmax), chlorophyll, and nitrogen are closely linked leaf traits that determine C4 crop photosynthesis and yield. Accurate, timely, rapid, and non-destructive approaches to predict leaf photosynthetic traits from hyperspectral reflectance are urgently needed for high-throughput crop monitoring to ensure food and bioenergy security. Therefore, this study thoroughly evaluated the state-of-the-art physically based radiative transfer models (RTMs), data-driven partial least squares regression (PLSR), and generalized PLSR (gPLSR) models to estimate leaf traits from leaf-clip hyperspectral reflectance, which was collected from maize (Zea mays L.) bioenergy plots with diverse genotypes, growth stages, treatments with nitrogen fertilizers, and ozone stresses in three growing seasons. The results show that leaf RTMs considering bidirectional effects can give accurate estimates of chlorophyll content (Pearson correlation r=0.95), while gPLSR enabled retrieval of leaf nitrogen concentration (r=0.85). Using PLSR with field measurements for training, the cross-validation indicates that Vmax can be well predicted from spectra (r=0.81). The integration of chlorophyll content (strongly related to visible spectra) and nitrogen concentration (linked to shortwave infrared signals) can provide better predictions of Vmax (r=0.71) than only using either chlorophyll or nitrogen individually. This study highlights that leaf chlorophyll content and nitrogen concentration have key and unique contributions to Vmax prediction.

Phosphorus deficiency alters scaling relationships between leaf gas exchange and associated traits in a wide range of contrasting Eucalyptus species

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur H. A. Bahar ◽  
Paul P. G. Gauthier ◽  
Odhran S. O'Sullivan ◽  
Thomas Brereton ◽  
John R. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Metabolism

Phosphorus (P) limitation is known to have substantial impacts on leaf metabolism. However, uncertainty remains around whether P deficiency alters scaling functions linking leaf metabolism to associated traits. We investigated the effect of P deficiency on leaf gas exchange and related leaf traits in 17 contrasting Eucalyptus species that exhibit inherent differences in leaf traits. Saplings were grown under controlled-environment conditions in a glasshouse, where they were subjected to minus and plus P treatments for 15 weeks. P deficiency decreased P concentrations and increased leaf mass per area (LMA) of newly-developed leaves. Rates of photosynthesis (A) and respiration (R) were also reduced in P-deficient plants compared with P-fertilised plants. By contrast, P deficiency had little effect on the temperature sensitivity of R. Irrespective of P treatment, on a log-log basis A and R scaled positively with increasing leaf nitrogen concentration [N] and negatively with increasing LMA. Although P deficiency had limited impact on A-R-LMA relationships, rates of CO2 exchange per unit N were consistently lower in P-deficient plants. Our results highlight the importance of P supply for leaf carbon metabolism and show how P deficiencies (i.e. when excluding confounding genotypic and environmental effects) can have a direct effect on commonly used leaf trait scaling relationships.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic and Transpiration Responses to Light, CO2, Temperature, and Leaf Senescence in Garlic: Analysis and Modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Hyung Kim ◽  
Jig Han Jeong ◽  
Lloyd L. Nackley
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Exchange Model ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Parameterized Model ◽  
Gas Exchange Model

Characterization of leaf physiology is an important step for understanding the ecophysiology of a crop as well as for developing a process-based crop simulation model. We determined photosynthetic and transpiration responses to photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), carbon dioxide concentrations, and temperature, and parameterized a coupled leaf gas-exchange model for hardneck garlic (Allium sativum). The parameterized model performed with high accuracy and precision in predicting photosynthetic responses [r2 = 0.95, bias = 1.7 μmol·m−2·s−1, root mean square error (RMSE) = 2.4 μmol·m−2·s−1] when tested against independent data that were not used for model calibration. The model performance for transpiration rates was less satisfactory (r2 = 0.49, bias = –0.14 mmol·m−2·s−1, RMSE = 0.94 mmol·m−2·s−1). In addition, we characterized the relationships among chlorophyll meter readings, leaf photosynthetic capacity (Amax), and leaf nitrogen content in garlic leaves. The chlorophyll meter readings were a reasonable indicator of both Amax (r2 = 0.61) and leaf nitrogen (N) status (r2 = 0.51) for garlic leaves we studied. The garlic leaf gas-exchange model developed in this study can serve as a key component in ecophysiological crop models for garlic. Similarly, the quantitative relationship identified between chlorophyll meter readings and Amax in this study can provide useful information for non-destructively assessing leaf photosynthetic capacity in garlic.

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