scholarly journals Metrics of Growth Habit Derived from the 3D Tree Point Cloud Used for Species Determination—A New Approach in Botanical Taxonomy Tested on Dragon Tree Group Example

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Vahalík ◽  
Karel Drápela ◽  
Andrea Procházková ◽  
Zdeněk Patočka ◽  
Marie Balková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Individual Trees

Detailed, three-dimensional modeling of trees is a new approach in botanical taxonomy. Representations of individual trees are a prerequisite for accurate assessments of tree growth and morphological metronomy. This study tests the abilities of 3D modeling of trees to determine the various metrics of growth habit and compare morphological differences. The study included four species of the genus Dracaena: D. draco, D. cinnabari, D. ombet, and D. serrulata. Forty-nine 3D tree point clouds were created, and their morphological metrics were derived and compared. Our results indicate the possible application of 3D tree point clouds to dendrological taxonomy. Basic metrics of growth habit and coefficients derived from the 3D point clouds developed in the present study enable the statistical evaluation of differences among dragon tree species.

scholarly journals THE VENETIAN <i>GALEA</i>: FROM THE WOODEN MODEL TO THE DIGITAL MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 1371-1379
Author(s):  
C. Balletti ◽  
F. Guerra ◽  
A. Lorenzon
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Large Audience ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. The Venetian galea (galley), dominating the Mediterranean Sea for almost 1000 years, is one of the most emblematic and fascinating objects in the history and culture of the Serenissima Republic of San Marco, the official name of ancient Venice. This boat has changed according to the needs and developments that have taken place over the centuries, proving versatile and powerful in military and commercial use.Unfortunately, no complete specimen has been received, and everything that can be known about galleys derives from paintings made in different eras, in models and in some original parts, kept inside the Naval Historical Museum of Venice.Another source are some manuscripts, where part of the traditional shipbuilding knowledge is handed down. To understand a galley it is necessary to understand which techniques were used by the proti (directors of the ancient shipyard) which differ substantially from the current design.These techniques were the synthesis of knowledge handed down from person to person and which did not make use of design drawings such as are used today. To obtain the reconstruction of a galley, lacking complete original drawings, we collected and analyzed different documentation that testified the ancient forms.The presented work aims to reconstruct a digital model of a galea starting from the photogrammetric and laser scanning survey of a wooden model of the hull of half of a 25-bench galley of the mid-seventeenth century. The surveyed maquette and brought back to the real scale was integrated by some artifacts present at the Naval History Museum of Venice, surveyed with photogrammetric techniques and laser scanning too.In this way a hypothetical configuration was reconstructed (by synthesis of collected and historical data) which shows the shape that this boat could reasonably have had. The result is a digital model, then printed to the scale, obtained by three-dimensional modeling starting from the point clouds of the maquette and the original artifacts. This final model has been compared with all the iconographic and documentary sources for its historical validation.The results obtained were used for a set-up aimed at enhancing the museum, because it was intended for a large audience.

scholarly journals Monitoring Selective Logging in a Pine-Dominated Forest in Central Germany with Repeated Drone Flights Utilizing A Low Cost RTK Quadcopter

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Thiel ◽  
Marlin M. Müller ◽  
Christian Berger ◽  
Felix Cremer ◽  
Clémence Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
New Generation

There is no doubt that unmanned aerial systems (UAS) will play an increasing role in Earth observation in the near future. The field of application is very broad and includes aspects of environmental monitoring, security, humanitarian aid, or engineering. In particular, drones with camera systems are already widely used. The capability to compute ultra-high-resolution orthomosaics and three-dimensional (3D) point clouds from UAS imagery generates a wide interest in such systems, not only in the science community, but also in industry and agencies. In particular, forestry sciences benefit from ultra-high-structural and spectral information as regular tree level-based monitoring becomes feasible. There is a great need for this kind of information as, for example, due to the spring and summer droughts in Europe in the years 2018/2019, large quantities of individual trees were damaged or even died. This study focuses on selective logging at the level of individual trees using repeated drone flights. Using the new generation of UAS, which allows for sub-decimeter-level positioning accuracies, a change detection approach based on bi-temporal UAS acquisitions was implemented. In comparison to conventional UAS, the effort of implementing repeated drone flights in the field was low, because no ground control points needed to be surveyed. As shown in this study, the geometrical offset between the two collected datasets was below 10 cm across the site, which enabled a direct comparison of both datasets without the need for post-processing (e.g., image matching). For the detection of logged trees, we utilized the spectral and height differences between both acquisitions. For their delineation, an object-based approach was employed, which was proven to be highly accurate (precision = 97.5%; recall = 91.6%). Due to the ease of use of such new generation, off-the-shelf consumer drones, their decreasing purchase costs, the quality of available workflows for data processing, and the convincing results presented here, UAS-based data can and should complement conventional forest inventory practices.

scholarly journals BAROQUE BANDED VAULTS: SURVEYING AND MODELING. THE CASE STUDY OF A NOBLE PALACE IN TURIN

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 871-878
Author(s):  
M. C. López González ◽  
R. Spallone ◽  
M. Vitali ◽  
F. Natta
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. This paper presents the methodological framework set up for the analysis, interpretation, and representation of the banded vaulted systems recognized in eleven Baroque atria in Turin. In these atria, the banded vaults, locally named “a fascie”, are featured by a series of arches orthogonal to the perimeter walls on which they rest. The arches divide the room’s ceiling into spaces that can accommodate small vaults of different shapes. The atria have been the subject of bibliographical, historical and documentary analyses, laser scanner metric survey, two-dimensional graphic representations, and interpretative hypotheses through three-dimensional modeling of the design’s geometries of the vaults.The integration between terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technique, architectural drawing and three-dimensional modeling methods led to the definition of new workflows, aimed at optimizing the use of data. From these procedures new opportunities for the research arise, such as the comparison (metric and geometric) through the superimposition of design ideal models and point clouds.

Three-dimensional Modeling of the Various Volumes of Canines to Determine Age and Sex: A Preliminary Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Tardivo ◽  
Julien Sastre ◽  
Michel Ruquet ◽  
Lionel Thollon ◽  
Pascal Adalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Age And Sex

Robotic motion compensation for bone movement, using ultrasound images

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M.B. Torres ◽  
P. J. S. Gonçalves ◽  
J.M.M. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Robotic Motion

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a robotic motion compensation system, using ultrasound images, to assist orthopedic surgery. The robotic system can compensate for femur movements during bone drilling procedures. Although it may have other applications, the system was thought to be used in hip resurfacing (HR) prosthesis surgery to implant the initial guide tool. The system requires no fiducial markers implanted in the patient, by using only non-invasive ultrasound images. Design/methodology/approach – The femur location in the operating room is obtained by processing ultrasound (USA) and computer tomography (CT) images, obtained, respectively, in the intra-operative and pre-operative scenarios. During surgery, the bone position and orientation is obtained by registration of USA and CT three-dimensional (3D) point clouds, using an optical measurement system and also passive markers attached to the USA probe and to the drill. The system description, image processing, calibration procedures and results with simulated and real experiments are presented and described to illustrate the system in operation. Findings – The robotic system can compensate for femur movements, during bone drilling procedures. In most experiments, the update was always validated, with errors of 2 mm/4°. Originality/value – The navigation system is based entirely on the information extracted from images obtained from CT pre-operatively and USA intra-operatively. Contrary to current surgical systems, it does not use any type of implant in the bone to track the femur movements.

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