scholarly journals Assessing Environmental Control of Sap Flux of Three Tree Species Plantations in Degraded Hilly Lands in South China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Anna Lintunen ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Weijun Shen ◽  
Yann Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Sap Flux ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Water Use Strategy

Prerequisite for selection of appropriate tree species in afforestation programs is to understand their water use strategy. Acacia mangium Willd., Schima wallichii Choisy, and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook are the three main vegetation restoration pioneer species in southern China, but no comparative research on the water use strategy of these three tree species have been reported. Our objective was to gain a detailed understanding of how photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water content (SWC) at different soil depths control the sap flux density (Js) in the dry and wet seasons. We measured the Js of these three tree species by using the thermal dissipation method in low subtropical China. We found that both S. wallichii and C. lanceolata differed clearly in their stomatal behavior from one season to another, while A. mangium did not. The canopy conductance per sapwood area of S. wallichii and C. lanceolata was very sensitive to VPD in the dry season, but not in the wet season. The Js of A. mangium was negatively correlated to SWC in all soil layers and during both seasons, while the other two species were not sensitive to SWC in the deeper layers and only positively correlated to SWC in dry season. Our results demonstrate that the three species have distinct water use strategies and may therefore respond differently to changing climate.

scholarly journals Responses of plant water use to a severe summer drought for two subtropical tree species in the central southern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zidong Luo ◽  
Huade Guan ◽  
Xinping Zhang ◽  
Cicheng Zhang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Use

Large branch and leaf hydraulic safety margins in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1405-1415
Author(s):  
Shi-Dan Zhu ◽  
Rong-Hua Li ◽  
Peng-Cheng He ◽  
Zafar Siddiq ◽  
Kun-Fang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Evergreen Broadleaved Forest ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Hydraulic Safety ◽  
Dry Seasons

Abstract As a global biodiversity hotspot, the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest (SEBF) in southern China is strongly influenced by the humid monsoon climate, with distinct hot-wet and cool-dry seasons. However, the hydraulic strategies of this forest are not well understood. Branch and leaf hydraulic safety margins (HSMbranch and HSMleaf, respectively), as well as seasonal changes in predawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψpd and Ψmd), stomatal conductance (Gs), leaf to sapwood area ratio (AL/AS) and turgor loss point (Ψtlp), were examined for woody species in a mature SEBF. For comparison, we compiled these traits of tropical dry forests (TDFs) and Mediterranean-type woodlands (MWs) from the literature because they experience a hot-dry season. We found that on average, SEBF showed larger HSMbranch and HSMleaf than TDF and MW. During the dry season, TDF and MW species displayed a significant decrease in Ψpd and Ψmd. However, SEBF species showed a slight decrease in Ψpd but an increase in Ψmd. Similar to TDF and MW species, Gs was substantially lower in the dry season for SEBF species, but this might be primarily because of the low atmospheric temperature (low vapor pressure deficit). On the other hand, AL/AS and Ψtlp were not significant different between seasons for any SEBF species. Most SEBF species had leaves that were more resistant to cavitation than branches. Additionally, species with stronger leaf-to-branch vulnerability segmentation tended to have smaller HSMleaf but larger HSMbranch. Our results suggest that SEBF is at low hydraulic risk under the current climate.

scholarly journals Coordination of leaf area, sapwood area and canopy conductance leads to species convergence of tree water use in a remnant evergreen woodland

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Zeppel ◽  
Derek Eamus
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Huber Value ◽  
Tree Water Use ◽  
Decoupling Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Total

This paper compares rates of tree water use, Huber value, canopy conductance and canopy decoupling of two disparate, co-occurring tree species, in a stand of remnant native vegetation in temperate Australia in order to compare their relative behaviour seasonally and during and after a drought. The study site was an open woodland dominated by Eucalyptus crebra F.Muell. (a broad-leaved species) and Callitris glaucophylla J.Thompson & L.A.S. Johnson (a needle-leaved tree species). Tree water use was measured with sapflow sensors and leaf area and sapwood area were measured destructively on felled trees. The Huber value was calculated as the ratio of sapwood area to leaf area. Diameter at breast height (DBH) of the stem was used as a measure of tree size. Canopy conductance was calculated with an inversion of the Penman–Monteith equation, whereas canopy decoupling) was calculated as described by Lu et al. (2003). The relationship between DBH and daily total water use varied during the four measurement periods, with largest rates of water use observed in summer 2003–2004, following a large rainfall event and the smallest maximum water use observed in winter 2003 when monthly rainfall was much less than the long-term mean for those months. Despite differences in the relationship between sapwood area and DBH for the two species, the relationship between daily total water use and DBH did not differ between species at any time. The same rates of water use for the two species across sampling periods arose through different mechanisms; the eucalypt underwent significant changes in leaf area whereas the Callitris displayed large changes in canopy conductance, such that tree water use remained the same for both species during the 2-year period. Canopy conductance and the decoupling coefficient were both significantly larger in winter than summer in both years. The generally low decoupling coefficient (0.05–0.34) reflects the low leaf area index of the site. When evaporative demand was small (winter), the degree of stomatal control was small and the decoupling coefficient was large. There was no relationship between tree size and either canopy conductance or the decoupling coefficient. Transpiration rates generally showed little variation between seasons and between species because of the balance between changes in leaf area, canopy conductance and evaporative demand. The occurrence of a significant drought did not appear to prevent these coordinated changes from occurring, with the result that convergence in water use was observed for these two disparate species.

Groundwater use by riparian vegetation in the wet - dry tropics of northern Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. O'Grady ◽  
Derek Eamus ◽  
Peter G. Cook ◽  
Sebastien Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Groundwater Use

Within Australia and globally there is considerable concern about the potential impacts of groundwater extraction on ecosystems dependent on groundwater. In this study we have combined heat pulse and isotopic techniques to assess groundwater use by riparian vegetation along the Daly River in the Northern Territory. The riparian forests of the Daly River exhibited considerable structural and floristic complexity. More than 40 tree species were recorded during vegetation surveys and these exhibited a range of leaf phonologies, implying complex patterns of water resource partitioning within the riparian forests. Water use was a function of species and season, and stand water use varied between 1.8 and 4.1 mm day–1. In general, however, water use tended to be higher in the wet season than during the dry season, reflecting the contribution to stand water use by dry-season deciduous tree species. There was a strong relationship between stand basal area and stand water use in the wet season, but the strength of this relationship was lower in the dry season. The amount of groundwater use, as determined by analysis of deuterium concentrations in xylem sap, was principally a function of position in the landscape. Trees at lower elevations, closer to the river, used more groundwater than trees higher on the levees. By using a combination of techniques we showed that riparian vegetation along the Daly River was highly groundwater dependent and that these water-use requirements need to be considered in regional management plans for groundwater.

Seasonal water use strategy of Cyclobalanopsis glauca in a karst area of southern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daxing Gu ◽  
Zhongfeng Zhang ◽  
Azim Mallik ◽  
Aiping Zhou ◽  
Ling Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Water Use Strategy ◽  
Seasonal Water Use ◽  
Cyclobalanopsis Glauca

scholarly journals Gender-specific patterns of aboveground allocation, canopy conductance and water use in a dominant riparian tree species: Acer negundo

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1383-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Hultine ◽  
S. E. Bush ◽  
A. G. West ◽  
K. G. Burtch ◽  
D. E. Pataki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Riparian Tree ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Use of Thermal Dissipation Probes to Estimate Water Loss of Containerized Landscape Trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thayne Montague ◽  
Roger Kjelgren
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Soil Level

Abstract Granier style thermal dissipation probes (TDPs) have been used to estimate whole plant water use on a variety of tree and vine species. However, studies using TDPs and load cells (gravimetric water loss) to estimate water use of landscape tree species are rare. This research compared gravimetric water loss (estimated with load cells) of four containerized landscape tree species with water loss estimated with TDPs. Over a 66 day period, an experiment compared water loss of three established, 5.0 cm (2 in) caliper poplar (Populus nigra ‘Italica’) trees in 75-liter (20 gal) containers on load cells to TDP estimated water loss. Each tree had a single 30 mm (1.2 inch) TDP inserted into the trunk at four heights above soil level (15, 30, 45, and 60 cm (6, 12, 18, and 24 in, respectively)). Data revealed TDP estimated water loss was less than load cell estimated water loss regardless of TDP height, but TDP estimated water loss at the 30 cm height was closest to actual load cell estimated tree water loss. Over the next three years, similar sized Bradford pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’), English oak (Quercus robur x Q. bicolor ‘Asjes’), poplar (Populus deltoides ‘Siouxland’), and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Rotundiloba’) trees in containers were placed on load cells and one 30 mm TDP was placed into the trunk of each tree 30 cm above soil level. Over an extended time period, tree water loss was estimated using load cells and TDPs. Hourly TDP water loss estimates for each species over a three day period indicate TDP estimated water loss followed similar trends as load cell estimated water loss. However, TDP estimates were generally less than load cell estimates, especially during peak transpiration periods. For each species, mean total daily water loss estimates were less for TDP estimated water loss when compared to load cell estimated water loss. Although TDP estimated water loss has been correlated with actual tree water loss for many species, these data suggest errors may arise when using TDPs to estimate water loss of small, containerized landscape tree species.

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