scholarly journals Accumulation and Translocation of Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, and Aluminum in Pinus massoniana Lamb. Seedlings Inoculated with Laccaria bicolor Growing in an Acidic Yellow Soil

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirong Gu ◽  
Xiaohe Wang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Xinhua He
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Al Treatment

Research Highlights: We demonstrate that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi improve plant aluminum (Al)-tolerance in the field and Laccaria bicolor S238A is a promising ECM isolate. Furthermore, we interpret the underlying nutritional mechanism that ECM inoculation facilitates aboveground biomass production as well as nutrients accumulation and translocation. Background and Objectives: Al toxicity is a primary limiting factor for plants growing in acidic soils. Hydroponic/sand culture studies have shown that some ECM fungi could enhance plant Al-tolerance. However, the underlying mechanisms of ECM fungi in improving plant Al-tolerance in the field are still unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study aimed to examine roles of ECM inoculation in biomass production, accumulation and translocation of nutrients and Al in the host plant grown in the field under Al treatment. Materials and Methods: 4-week-old Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with three Laccaria bicolor isolates (L. bicolor 270, L. bicolor S238A or L. bicolor S238N) and grown in an acidic yellow soil under 1.0 mM Al treatment for 12 weeks in the field. Biomass production, accumulation and translocation of P, Ca, Mg, and Al were investigated in these 16-week-old P. massoniana seedlings. Results: All three of these L. bicolor isolates improved biomass production as well as P, Ca and Mg accumulation in P. massoniana seedlings. Moreover, the three ECM isolates facilitated the translocation of P, Ca, and Mg to aboveground in response to Al treatment, particularly when seedlings were inoculated with L. bicolor S238A. In addition, both L. bicolor 270 and L. bicolor S238A had no apparent effects on Al accumulation, while enhanced Al translocation to aboveground. In contrast, L. bicolor S238N decreased Al accumulation but had no significant effect on Al translocation. Conclusions: ECM fungi in the field improved plant Al-resistance by increasing nutrient uptake, and this was mostly due to translocation of P, Ca, and Mg to aboveground, not by decreasing the uptake and translocation of Al.

scholarly journals Laccaria bicolor Mobilizes both Labile Aluminum and Inorganic Phosphate in Rhizosphere Soil of Pinus massoniana Seedlings Field Grown in a Yellow Acidic Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirong Gu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Xiaohe Wang ◽  
Xinhua He ◽  
Yao Cui
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Al Treatment

ABSTRACT Plant growth is often limited by highly activated aluminum (Al) and low available phosphorus (P) in acidic soil. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can improve their host plants’ Al tolerance by increasing P availability while decreasing Al activity in vitro or in hydroponic or sand culture systems. However, the effect of ECM fungi on inorganic P (IP) and labile Al in acidic soil in the field, particularly in conjunction with Al treatment, remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the influence of ECM fungal association on the mobilization of IP and labile Al in rhizosphere soil of host plants grown in the field with external Al treatment and the underlying nutritional mechanism in plant Al tolerance. To do so, 4-week-old Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with three ECM isolates (Laccaria bicolor 270, L. bicolor S238A, and L. bicolor S238N) and grown in a Haplic Alisol field with or without Al treatment for 12 weeks. Results showed that L. bicolor association enhanced the available P depletion and facilitated the mobilization of IP and labile Al, in turn improving the capacity of host plant to use Al-bound P, Ca-bound P, and occluded P, particularly when P. massoniana seedlings were inoculated with L. bicolor S238A. Inoculation with L. bicolor isolates also enhanced the solubility of labile Al and facilitated the conversion of acid-soluble Al into exchangeable Al. Our findings suggested that ECM inoculation could enhance plant Al tolerance in the field by mobilizing IP to improve the P bioavailability but not by decreasing Al activity. IMPORTANCE Here, we reveal the underlying nutritional mechanism in plant Al tolerance conferred by ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-fungus inoculation in the field and report the screening of a promising ECM isolate to assist phytoremediation and afforestation using Pinus massoniana in acidic soil in southern China. This study advances our understanding of the contribution of ECM fungi to plant–ECM-fungus symbiosis and highlights the vital role of ECM-fungus inoculation in plant Al tolerance. In addition, the results described in the present study confirm the importance of carrying out studies in the field rather than only in vitro studies. Our findings strengthen our understanding of the role of ECM-fungus association in detecting, utilizing, and transporting unavailable nutrients in the soil to enhance host plant growth and adaptability in response to adverse habitats.

Root morphological plasticity and biomass production of two Chinese fir clones with high phosphorus efficiency under low phosphorus stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Wu ◽  
Xiangqing Ma ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Aiqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Supply

Available P is the major growth-limiting factor in southern China where Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations are increasingly established. Planting P-efficient clones is a viable option to enhance productivity of Chinese fir plantations. Two Chinese fir clones with high P efficiency (M1 and M4) were chosen as the research materials and their adaptive responses to low P stress were examined. The increment in root morphological traits and biomass production of these clones was measured by a sand culture experiment with a heterogeneous P supply. For both clones, P starvation resulted in significantly higher root surface area and root volume but not root length. For clone M4, the mean root diameter was also larger under P deficiency than under normal P supply. Interestingly, the root morphological traits varied substantially within the same root system where the starved roots had higher values for all morphological traits than the nonstarved ones. Phosphorus starvation did not affect shoot and root biomass or the root to shoot ratio, but the whole-plant biomass increment was large under P deficiency for clone M4. In conclusion, the adaptation to low P stress in these clones is attributed to increased P acquisition and utilization efficiencies.

scholarly journals What Does Productivity Really Mean? Towards an Integrative Paradigm in the Search for Biodiversity-Productivity Relationships

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangjun HU ◽  
Qinfeng GUO
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Real Root ◽  
Spatial Scaling ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Real ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

How species diversity relates to productivity remains a major debate. To date, however, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the ecological processes involved are still poorly understood. Three major issues persist in early efforts at resolution. First, in the context that productivity drives species diversity, how the pathways operate is poorly-explained. Second, productivity  per se varies with community or ecosystem maturity. If diversity indeed drives productivity, the criterion of choosing appropriate measures for productivity is not available. Third, spatial scaling suggests that sampling based on small-plots may not be suitable for formulating species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs). Thus, the long-standing assumption simply linking diversity with productivity and pursuing a generalizing pattern may not be robust. We argue that productivity, though defined as ‘the rate of biomass production’, has been measured in two ways environmental surrogates and biomass production leading to misinterpretations and difficulty in the pursuit of generalizable SRPRs. To tackle these issues, we developed an integrative theoretical paradigm encompassing richer biological and physical contexts and clearly reconciling the major processes of the systems, using proper productivity measures and sampling units. We conclude that loose interpretation and confounding measures of productivity may be the real root of current SRPR inconsistencies and debate.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and transcriptional analyses of MATE transporter genes in root tips of wild Cicer spp. under aluminium stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Brayden Weir ◽  
Hongru Wei ◽  
Zhiwei Deng ◽  
Xiaoqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Al Treatment

AbstractChickpea is an economically important legume crop with high nutritional value in human diets. Aluminium-toxicity poses a significant challenge for the yield improvement of this increasingly popular crop in acidic soils. The wild progenitors of chickpea may provide a more diverse gene pool for Al-tolerance in chickpea breeding. However, the genetic basis of Al-tolerance in chickpea and its wild relatives remains largely unknown. Here, we assessed the Al-tolerance of six selected wild Cicer accessions by measuring the root elongation in solution culture under control (0 µM Al3+) and Al-treatment (30 µM Al3+) conditions. Al-treatment significantly reduced the root elongation in all target lines compared to the control condition after 2-day’s growth. However, the relative reduction of root elongation in different lines varied greatly: 3 lines still retained significant root growth under Al-treatment, whilst another 2 lines displayed no root growth at all. We performed genome-wide identification of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) encoding genes in the Cicer genome. A total of 56 annotated MATE genes were identified, which divided into 4 major phylogeny groups (G1-4). Four homologues to lupin LaMATE (> 50% aa identity; named CaMATE1-4) were clustered with previously characterised MATEs related to Al-tolerance in various other plants. qRT-PCR showed that CaMATE2 transcription in root tips was significantly up-regulated upon Al-treatment in all target lines, whilst CaMATE1 was up-regulated in all lines except Bari2_074 and Deste_064, which coincided with the lines displaying no root growth under Al-treatment. Transcriptional profiling in five Cicer tissues revealed that CaMATE1 is specifically transcribed in the root tissue, further supporting its role in Al-detoxification in roots. This first identification of MATE-encoding genes associated with Al-tolerance in Cicer paves the ways for future functional characterization of MATE genes in Cicer spp., and to facilitate future design of gene-specific markers for Al-tolerant line selection in chickpea breeding programs.

Utilisation of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as a gas carrier in microalgal cultivation to enhance CO2utilisation and biomass production

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2703-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Liang Sun ◽  
Sheng-Zhang Xue ◽  
Cheng-hu Yan ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
De-Zhu Kong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Microalgal Cultivation ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Microalgal Culture

CO2supplementation is usually a limiting factor in microalgal culture systems, especially when flue gases are used as the carbon source.

Utilization of M. sativa ssp. caerulea × M. sativa ssp. sativa hybridization in improvement of alfalfa aluminium tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Dragan Milić ◽  
Ksenija Taški-Ajduković ◽  
Nevena Nagl ◽  
Jovanka Atlagić ◽  
Đura Karagić
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates

AbstractSensitivity of alfalfa to acidity and aluminium (Al) toxicity in soil is the major limiting factor in broadening of its growing area. Due to lack of Al tolerance in primary alfalfa germplasm, there is a need for transfer of genes for Al tolerance from other Medicago germplasm. One of the identified sources of Al tolerance is M. sativa ssp. caerulea accession PI 464724, which was used as a female parent in our study. The objectives of this study were: (i) obtaining the tetraploid offspring from 2x–4x M. sativa ssp. caerulea – M. sativa ssp. sativa spontaneous crosses, and (ii) development of a breeding strategy for Al/acid tolerance in alfalfa, using M. sativa ssp. caerulea as a source of Al tolerance. Out of eleven fully developed plants, five were morphologically similar to M. sativa ssp. caerulae, while six plants were similar to M. sativa ssp. sativa. All tested plants were fertile, with the pollen viability ranging from 21.45 to 97.09% and the average number of ovules per plant from 8.80 to 12.29. Eleven SSR primer pairs confirmed the hybrid nature of M. sativa ssp. caerulae × M. sativa ssp. sativa offspring. Both the Cluster Analysis and the Principal Coordinates Analysis separated plants in the caerulae type from plants in the sativa type, with one exception. Strategies based on conventional and molecular marker breeding efforts could lead towards development of tolerant alfalfa cultivars and successful crop production on acidic, Al-contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Physiological, nutritional, and molecular responses of Brazilian sugarcane cultivars under stress by aluminum

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11461
Author(s):  
Mariane de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Sâmara Vieira Rocha ◽  
Vanessa Karine Schneider ◽  
Flavio Henrique-Silva ◽  
Marcio Roberto Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Al Content

Background Sugarcane is a crop of global importance and has been expanding to areas with soils containing high levels of exchangeable aluminum (Al), which is a limiting factor for crop development in acidic soils. The study of the sugarcane physiological and nutritional behavior together with patterns of gene expression in response to Al stress may provide a basis for effective strategies to increase crop productivity in acidic soils. Methods Sugarcane cultivars were evaluated for physiological parameters (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration), nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and Al contents in leaves and roots and gene expression, of the genes MDH, SDH by qPCR, both related to the production of organic acids, and SOD, related to oxidative stress. Results Brazilian sugarcane RB867515, RB928064, and RB935744 cultivars exhibited very different responses to induced stress by Al. Exposure to Al caused up-regulation (SOD and MDH) or down-regulation (SDH, MDH, and SOD), depending on the cultivar, Al level, and plant tissue. The RB867515 cultivar was the most Al-tolerant, showing no decline of nutrient content in plant tissue, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance after exposure to Al; it exhibited the highest Al content in the roots, and showed important MDH and SOD gene expression in the roots. RB928064 only showed low expression of SOD in roots and leaves, while RB935744 showed important expression of the SOD gene only in the leaves. Sugarcane cultivars were classified in the following descending Al-tolerance order: RB867515 > RB928064 = RB935744. These results may contribute to the obtention of Al-tolerant cultivars that can play their genetic potential in soils of low fertility and with low demand for agricultural inputs; the selection of potential plants for breeding programs; the elucidation of Al detoxification mechanisms employed by sugarcane cultivars.

scholarly journals Enhanced Aluminum Tolerance in Sugarcane: Evaluation of SbMATE Overexpression and Genome-wide Identification of ALMTs in Saccharum Spp.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Ribeiro ◽  
Felipe Vinecky ◽  
KAROLINE ESTEFANI DUARTE ◽  
Thaís Ribeiro Santiago ◽  
Rafael Augusto das Chagas Noqueli Casari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract BackgroundA major limiting factor for plant growth is the aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils, especially in tropical regions. The exclusion of Al from the root apex through root exudation of organic acids such as malate and citrate are both the most ubiquitous tolerance mechanisms in the plant kingdom. Two families of anion channels that confer Al tolerance are well described in the literature, ALMT and MATE family. ResultsIn this study, sugarcane plants constitutively overexpressing the Sorghum bicolor MATE gene (SbMATE) showed improved tolerance to Al when compared to non-transgenic (NT) plants, characterized by sustained root growth and exclusion of aluminum from the root apex based on the result obtained with hematoxylin staining. In addition, genome-wide analysis of the recently released sugarcane genome identified 11 ALMT genes and molecular studies showed potential new targets for aluminum tolerance. ConclusionsOur results indicate that the transgenic plants overexpressing the Sorghum bicolor MATE has an improved tolerance to Al. The expression profile of ALMT genes revels potential candidate genes to be used has an alternative for agricultural expansion in Brazil and other areas with aluminum toxicity in poor and acid soils.

scholarly journals A Transcriptomic Atlas of the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Laccaria bicolor

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2612
Author(s):  
Joske Ruytinx ◽  
Shingo Miyauchi ◽  
Sebastian Hartmann-Wittulsky ◽  
Maíra de Freitas Pereira ◽  
Frédéric Guinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Ecm Fungi

Trees are able to colonize, establish and survive in a wide range of soils through associations with ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi. Proper functioning of EcM fungi implies the differentiation of structures within the fungal colony. A symbiotic structure is dedicated to nutrient exchange and the extramatricular mycelium explores soil for nutrients. Eventually, basidiocarps develop to assure last stages of sexual reproduction. The aim of this study is to understand how an EcM fungus uses its gene set to support functional differentiation and development of specialized morphological structures. We examined the transcriptomes of Laccaria bicolor under a series of experimental setups, including the growth with Populus tremula x alba at different developmental stages, basidiocarps and free-living mycelium, under various conditions of N, P and C supply. In particular, N supply induced global transcriptional changes, whereas responses to P supply seemed to be independent from it. Symbiosis development with poplar is characterized by transcriptional waves. Basidiocarp development shares transcriptional signatures with other basidiomycetes. Overlaps in transcriptional responses of L. bicolor hyphae to a host plant and N/C supply next to co-regulation of genes in basidiocarps and mature mycorrhiza were detected. Few genes are induced in a single condition only, but functional and morphological differentiation rather involves fine tuning of larger gene sets. Overall, this transcriptomic atlas builds a reference to study the function and stability of EcM symbiosis in distinct conditions using L. bicolor as a model and indicates both similarities and differences with other ectomycorrhizal fungi, allowing researchers to distinguish conserved processes such as basidiocarp development from nutrient homeostasis.

Corrigendum to: Mitochondrial enzymes and citrate transporter contribute to the aluminium-induced citrate secretion from soybean (Glycine max) roots

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyun Xu ◽  
Jiangfeng You ◽  
Ningning Hou ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Citrate Transporter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Citrate Secretion ◽  
Al Treatment

The concentration of soluble aluminium (Al) in the soil solution increases at low pH and the prevalence of toxic Al3+ cations represent the main factor limiting plant growth on acid soils. Citrate secretion from roots is an important Al-tolerance mechanism in many species including soybean. We isolated mitochondria from the roots of an Al-resistant soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Jiyu 70 to investigate the relationship between citrate metabolism and Al-induced citrate secretion. Spectrophotometric assays revealed that the activities of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase increased and aconitase decreased with increasing of Al concentration (0–50 µM) and duration of Al treatment (30 µM Al, 0.5–9 h). Al-induced citrate secretion was inhibited by the citrate synthase inhibitor suramin, and enhanced by the aconitase inhibitor fluorocitric acid. Mersalyl acid, an inhibitor of a citrate carrier located in mitochondria membrane, also suppressed Al-induced citrate secretion. Transcript level of the mitochondrial citrate synthase gene increased in soybean roots exposed to Al, whereas expression of aconitase showed no significant difference. Expression of Gm-AlCT, a gene showing homology to Al-activated citrate transporters was also induced after 4 h in Al treatment. The Al-dependent changes in activity and expression of these enzymes are consistent with them supporting the sustained release of citrate from soybean roots.

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