scholarly journals Shifts in Climate–Growth Relationships of Sky Island Pines

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Paula E. Marquardt ◽  
Brian R. Miranda ◽  
Frank W. Telewski
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Growth Correlations

Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation may affect plant responses, and mountainous regions in particular are sensitive to the impacts of climate change. The Santa Catalina Mountains, near Tucson, Arizona, USA, are among the best known Madrean Sky Islands, which are defined by pine-oak forests. We compared the sensitivity and temporal stability of climate–growth relationships to quantify the growth responses of sympatric taxa of ponderosa pine to changing climate. Three taxa (three-needle, mixed-needle, and five-needle types) collected from southern slopes of two contact zones (Mt. Lemmon, Mt. Bigelow) were evaluated. Positive climate–growth correlations in these semiarid high-elevation pine forests indicated a seasonal shift from summer- to spring-dominant precipitation since 1950, which is a critical time for reproduction. Mixed- and five-needle types responded to winter precipitation, and growth was reduced for the five-needle type when spring conditions were dry. Growth trends in response to temperature and specific to site were observed, which indicated the climate signal can be weakened when data are combined into a single chronology. Significant fluctuations in temperature–growth correlations since 1950 occurred for all needle types. These results demonstrated a dramatic shift in sensitivity of annual tree growth to the seasonality of the limiting factor, and a climatic trend that increases local moisture stress may impact the stability of climate–growth relationships. Moreover, output from temperature–growth analyses based on ring-width data (for example from semiarid sites) that does not account for positive and negative growth trends may be adversely affected, potentially impacting climate reconstructions.

scholarly journals Detrending ability of several regression equations in tree-ring research: a case study based on tree-ring data of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.])

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bošeľa ◽  
L. Kulla ◽  
R. Marušák
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Similar Growth

  The aim of this study was to investigate tree-ring width variability and to distinguish groups of trees with similar growth trends in order to study tree growth responses to various stand and site conditions. The methods of cluster analysis were employed for this purpose. Four distinct groups of trees were identified. For each group, the mean tree-ring curve was calculated in order to look for the main signals that distinguish the groups from one another. The idea behind this was to divide the samples into homogeneous groups with similar growth trends, representing typical examples of variability of the studied Norway spruce population. In the next step, several regression functions were studied and compared for their ability to fit the ring-width-age data applied to the mean ring-width curve of each group. Fischer’s F-test was used to test the differences in goodness of fit between the equations in each group. From all examined/applied equations, smoothing spline, polynomial of degree 5, and Šmelko-Burgan functions were found to be the most universal and suitable for detrending of all examined ring width curves. Hugershoff function was found to be suitable for curves with one local maximum only. Exponential and Korf’s functions were unsatisfactory for the purposes of tree ring curves detrending.

scholarly journals Understanding the Representativeness of Tree Rings and Their Carbon Isotopes in Characterizing the Climate Signal of Tajikistan

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Yuting Fan ◽  
Huaming Shang ◽  
Shulong Yu ◽  
Ye Wu ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Climate Signal

The juniper tree forest is a critical component of the carbon, water, and energy cycles of Tajikistan. However, to date, long-term information about tree-ring isotopes is limited in this region. Here, we developed tree-ring width (TRW) and tree-ring 13C chronologies for juniper trees (Juniperus seravschanica (Juniperus excelsa subsp.polycarpos (K. Koch) Takht.) and Juniperus turkestanica (Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch. & C. A. Mey)) and investigated their dendroclimatic signals in the northwest of the Pamir-Alay (NWPA) mountains in Tajikistan. Tree-ring ∆13C and TRW of juniper presented different sensitivities to monthly precipitation. Moreover, ∆13C in juniper showed consistently significant relationships with climatic factors in larger seasonal windows than TRW did. Dendroclimatological analysis demonstrates that precipitation has significant effects on tree growth and isotope enrichment. Late summer to early winter temperature is one limiting factor for the TRW chronologies, but previous spring, summer, and autumn temperature and precipitation from the previous July to the current May were the dominant climatic factors accounting for inter-annual variations in the ∆13C chronologies. This verified that the multi tree-ring parameters of juniper in Tajikistan are a promising tool for investigating inter-annual climate variations. Furthermore, the stable carbon isotopes of tree rings have proven to be powerful evidence of climatic signals. The moisture-sensitive tree-ring isotope provides opportunities for complex investigations of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and timing of seasonal rainfall. Our results highlight the need for more detailed studies of tree growth responses to changing climate and tree-ring isotopes to understand source water variations (especially baseflow) of the juniper tree forest.

TEMPERATURE-GROWTH RESPONSES OF ALGAL ISOLATES FROM ANTARCTIC OASES1

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Seaburg ◽  
Bruce C. Parked ◽  
Robert A. Wharton ◽  
George M. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Growth Responses ◽  
Temperature Growth

Stability of climate signal in carbon and oxygen isotope records and ring width from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmi Hilasvuori ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Eloni Sonninen ◽  
Heikki Tuomenvirta ◽  
Högne Jungner
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope

Climatic signal in annual growth variation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) along a transect from central Finland to the Arctic timberline

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Nöjd ◽  
Kari Mielikäinen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Growth Variation ◽  
Temperature And Growth

Regional and temporal growth patterns of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were evaluated in 40 stands along a transect of over 500 km running from central Finland to the Arctic spruce timberline. Standard deviation of the ring-width series increased from south to north, but the geographical differences in mean sensitivity and first-order autocorrelation were small. The high degree of similarity in growth variation between stands indicated similar growth responses of trees to weather variation despite different environmental conditions along the transect. The most pronounced differences in the regional increment chronologies were found between the southernmost and northernmost stands. Growth variation was most strongly correlated with current June mean temperature, and correlation between growth and July temperature increased from south to north. In addition, negative correlation was observed between winter temperatures, particularly February temperature, and growth variation. Growth was more weakly correlated with precipitation than with temperature.

Growth responses of ponderosa pine to long-term exposure to ozone, wet and dry acidic deposition, and drought

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Temple ◽  
George H. Riechers ◽  
Paul R. Miller ◽  
Robert W. Lennox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Growth Responses

A 3-year field study of the cumulative effects of ozone (O3), wet and dry acidic deposition, and soil water availability was conducted on ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.) in the Sierra Nevada of California from 1988 to 1990. Thirty-six 2-year-old potted seedlings were placed in each of 30 chambers and exposed from May through October to three levels of O3 (charcoal-filtered (CF), nonfiltered (NF), and NF plus 1.5 times ambient O3 (NF150)); three levels of acidity in simulated rain (pH 3.5, 4.4, 5.3); two levels of dry deposition (60 or 90% filtration), and two levels of soil water availability (well watered (WW) or drought stressed (DS)). An additional six plots served as ambient air (AA) controls. One-third (432) of the trees were harvested at the end of each exposure season. Low soil water availability was the only stress factor to significantly affect growth following the first exposure season. After the second season, O3 significantly reduced foliar biomass in WW–NF150 trees, but DS seedlings did not respond to O3. After 3 years of exposure, WW–NF150 trees averaged 70% loss of 1988 needles and 48% loss of 1989 foliage. Ozone-injured seedlings compensated for these losses by increased growth of current-year needles and stems and also increased growth of fine feeder roots. Radial stem growth and coarse-root growth were significantly reduced in O3-injured trees. DS trees in NF150 chambers averaged half the needle loss of WW trees and showed no reduction in radial growth in response to O3. Rain pH and dry deposition had no direct effects on growth of ponderosa pine. These cumulative responses to interacting stresses indicate the importance of multifactorial, long-term studies to evaluate forest tree responses to atmospheric deposition.

scholarly journals Lowering Stand Density Enhances Resiliency of Ponderosa Pine Forests to Disturbances and Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Kaelyn A Finley ◽  
Nels G Johnson ◽  
Martin W Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forests

AbstractStand density affects not only structure and growth, but also the health of forests and, subsequently, the functions of forest ecosystems. Here, we integrated dendrochronology and repeated inventories for ponderosa pine research plots to determine whether long-term growth and mortality responded to climate trends and how varying stand density influenced the responses. The plots were established prior to 1975 on existing stands throughout northern California. Although annual temperature increased consistently for the last 65 years, ring-width indices produced by eliminating age and thinning effects failed to detect radial trend regardless of site quality. However, interannual variation for the indices was substantial, reflecting a strong influence of climate on tree growth. Plot-level basal area increments were significantly affected by tree mortality. Stand density index explained most variation of mortality. Lowering stand density enhanced remaining tree growth, reduced mortality, and increased stand resiliency to disturbances and climate change. Besides higher climate moisture indices or lower vapor pressure deficits, any treatments that improve tree vigor and reduce stress will have a similar effect to reducing stand density. Although neither biotic disturbances nor abiotic conditions can be controlled, forest managers can manage stand density appropriately to enhance resilience to climate change and disturbances.

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