scholarly journals Warming Alters Plant Chemical and Nutrient Compositions by Affecting Metabolites in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Qiufang Zhang ◽  
Zhijie Yang ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Xiaoying Gong ◽  
Decheng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Plant Chemical

Research Highlights: Warming alters the chemical composition of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook, resulting in increased production of macromolecular compounds that protect against heat stress. Background and Objectives: Low latitude forests are experiencing obvious climatic warming; however, the plant physiological responses to warming are not well understood. As warming induces moisture stress, we hypothesized that warming activates metabolites (i.e., lipids, phenolic compounds, amino acids) and causes damage to the leaves, exemplified by the increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species. Materials and Methods: We conducted a warming experiment in a C. lanceolata plantation. Plant physiological traits associated with nutrient status, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes species, and metabolites were measured. Results: Warming altered the chemical composition of C. lanceolata as it increased C:N ratios of leaves and roots. In particular, the concentrations of N and P in leaves and roots were significantly decreased under the warming condition, which might be related to the biomass production, namely, a dilution effect. Under the warming condition, most of the phospholipid compounds and proteins significantly increased. Leaf C, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds were identified to have significantly lower concentrations under the warming treatment than those under the control treatment. These results suggested that moisture stress under the warming treatment may drive C deficiency and metabolic restriction in plants. Conclusions: Under the warming condition, C. lanceolata changed its energy utilization strategy and invested more resources to produce macromolecular compounds for protecting against heat stress. Warming in sub-tropical forests alters plant chemical properties, and thus may have an important consequence for nutrient cycling and soil C sequestration.

scholarly journals The Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Powder on Oat Bran Pastes: Enhancing In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw264.7 Macrophages

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Hui ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Duo Han ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
Xi Yang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Oat Bran

In this study, blueberry and blackcurrant powder were chosen as the phenolic-rich enrichments for oat bran. A Rapid Visco Analyser was used to form blueberry and blackcurrant enriched oat pastes. An in vitro digestion process evaluated the changes of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant potential of extracts of pastes. The anthocyanidin profiles in the extracts were characterised by the pH differential method. The results showed that blueberry and blackcurrant powder significantly increased the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of pastes, while the total flavonoid content decreased after digestion compared to the undigested samples. Strong correlations between these bioactive compounds and antioxidant values were observed. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to investigate the intracellular antioxidant activity of the extracts from the digested oat bran paste with 25% enrichment of blueberry or blackcurrant powder. The results indicated that the extracts of digested pastes prevented the macrophages from experiencing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, mainly by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. These findings suggest that the bioactive ingredients from blueberry and blackcurrant powder enhanced the in vitro and intracellular antioxidant capacity of oat bran pastes, and these enriched pastes have the potential to be utilised in the development of the functional foods.

Reactive oxygen species induced by heat stress during grain filling of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) are involved in occurrence of grain chalkiness

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetphilin Suriyasak ◽  
Keisuke Harano ◽  
Koichiro Tanamachi ◽  
Kazuhiro Matsuo ◽  
Aina Tamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Grain Chalkiness

scholarly journals d-amino acid oxidase promotes cellular senescence via the production of reactive oxygen species

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e201800045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Nagano ◽  
Shunsuke Yamao ◽  
Anju Terachi ◽  
Hidetora Yarimizu ◽  
Haruki Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase

d-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)–dependent oxidase metabolizing neutral and polard-amino acids. Unlikel-amino acids, the amounts ofd-amino acids in mammalian tissues are extremely low, and therefore, little has been investigated regarding the physiological role of DAO. We have recently identifiedDAOto be up-regulated in cellular senescence, a permanent cell cycle arrest induced by various stresses, such as persistent DNA damage and oxidative stress. Because DAO produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of substrate oxidation and the accumulation of ROS mediates the senescence induction, we explored the relationship between DAO and senescence. We found that inhibition of DAO impaired senescence induced by DNA damage, and ectopic expression of wild-type DAO, but not enzymatically inactive mutant, enhanced it in an ROS-dependent manner. Furthermore, addition ofd-amino acids and riboflavin, a metabolic precursor of FAD, to the medium potentiated the senescence-promoting effect of DAO. These results indicate that DAO promotes senescence through the enzymatic ROS generation, and its activity is regulated by the availability of its substrate and coenzyme.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Cocoa Phenolic Compounds Protects Differentiated Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxidative Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Noelia Carballeda Sangiao ◽  
Susana Chamorro ◽  
Sonia de Pascual-Teresa ◽  
Luis Goya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

Cocoa is a rich source of polyphenols, especially flavanols and procyanidin oligomers, with antioxidant properties, providing protection against oxidation and nitration. Cocoa phenolic compounds are usually extracted with methanol/ethanol solvents in order to obtain most of their bioactive compounds; however, aqueous extraction seems more representative of the physiological conditions. In this study, an aqueous extract of cocoa powder has been prepared and chemically characterized, and its potential protective effect against chemically-induced oxidative stress has been tested in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Neuronal-like cultured cells were pretreated with realistic concentrations of cocoa extract and its major monomeric flavanol component, epicatechin, and then submitted to oxidative stress induced by a potent pro-oxidant. After one hour, production of reactive oxygen species was evaluated by two different methods, flow cytometry and in situ fluorescence by a microplate reader. Simultaneously, reduced glutathione and antioxidant defense enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were determined and the results used for a comparative analysis of both ROS (reactive oxygen species) methods and to test the chemo-protective effect of the bioactive products on neuronal-like cells. The results of this approach, never tested before, validate both analysis of ROS and indicate that concentrations of an aqueous extract of cocoa phenolics and epicatechin within a physiological range confer a significant protection against oxidative insult to neuronal-like cells in culture.

170 The effects of linoleic and linolenic acid supplementation on the in vitro maturation of pig oocytes in a heat-stressed environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
M. Mentler ◽  
J. Current ◽  
B. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Intracellular Glutathione

Elevated environmental temperatures induce heat stress, which can cause a depression in fertility and early embryonic development. Fatty acids initiate an endergonic reaction that is able to absorb cellular heat, causing a decrease in intracellular temperature. Supplementing linoleic and linolenic acids to the maturation medium of pig oocytes at elevated temperatures reduces the effects of heat stress-induced damage during fertilization and embryonic development. However, the mechanism of action of fatty acids during oocyte maturation is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to minimize heat stress-induced damage and characterise the intracellular oocyte mechanisms. Oocyte maturation media was supplemented with linoleic and linolenic acid during oocyte maturation at either 38.5 or 41.5°C. Oocytes (n=3094, r=5) were supplemented with 50μM linoleic acid, 50μM linolenic acid, 25μM of both, or 50μM of both during 40 to 44h of maturation and then evaluated for the formation of reactive oxygen species (n=239), intracellular glutathione concentrations (n=1005), glutathione peroxidase (n=1005), catalase (n=987), and superoxide dismutase (n=863) activities. Data were analysed using ANOVA with the main effects including treatment, well, and replicate. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups matured at 38.5°C when comparing reactive oxygen species generation. Supplementation of linoleic or linolenic acid significantly decreased (P<0.05) reactive oxygen species generation in oocytes matured at 41.5°C compared with no supplementation at the same temperature. Supplementation of linoleic or linolenic acid or both significantly increased (P<0.05) intracellular glutathione concentrations compared with no supplementation at 38.5°C (23.37±1.23 pmol/oocyte) and 41.5°C (10.42±1.01 pmol/oocyte). There were no significant differences between the treatment groups matured at 38.5°C or 41.5°C when comparing glutathione peroxidase activity. Supplementation of linoleic or linolenic acid or both significantly increased (P<0.05) catalase and superoxide dismutase activities compared with no supplementation at 38.5°C and at 41.5°C. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in oocytes matured at 41.5°C compared with those matured at 38.5°C. These results indicate that supplementing linoleic and linolenic acid to the maturation medium of pig oocytes at an elevated temperature reduces the effects of heat stress-induced damage by increasing intracellular glutathione concentrations and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities.

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