scholarly journals Effect of Deadwood on Ectomycorrhizal Colonisation of Old-Growth Oak Forests

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Olchowik ◽  
Dorota Hilszczańska ◽  
Roman Mariusz Bzdyk ◽  
Marcin Studnicki ◽  
Tadeusz Malewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Exploration Types

Although the importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) for species diversity is recognized, the effects of coarse woody debris decay class on species composition have received little attention. We examined how the species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) changes with CWD decay. We describe ectomycorrhizal root tips and the diversity of mycorrhizal fungal species at three English oak (Quercus robur L.) sites. DNA barcoding revealed a total of 17 ECM fungal species. The highest degree of mycorrhizal colonization was found in CWDadvanced (27.2%) and CWDearly (27.1%). Based on exploration types, ectomycorrhizae were classified with respect to ecologically relevant soil features. The short distance type was significantly correlated with soil P2O5, while the contact type was correlated with soil C/N. The lowest mean content of soil Corg was found in the CWDabsent site. The difference in total soil N between sites decreased with increasing CWD decomposition, whereas total C/N increased correspondingly. In this study we confirmed that soil CWD stimulates ectomycorrhizal fungi, representing contact or short-distance exploration types of mycelium.

scholarly journals Bryophyte Conservation in Managed Boreal Landscapes: Fourteen-Year Impacts of Partial Cuts on Epixylic Bryophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Opoku-Nyame ◽  
Alain Leduc ◽  
Nicole J. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Over Time

Clear cut harvest simplifies and eliminates old growth forest structure, negatively impacting biodiversity. Partial cut harvest has been hypothesized (1) to have less impact on biodiversity than clear cut harvest, and (2) to encourage old growth forest structures. Long-term studies are required to test this hypothesis as most studies are conducted soon after harvest. Using epixylic bryophytes as indicators, this study addresses this knowledge gap. Fourteen years after harvest, we examined changes in epixylic bryophyte community composition richness and traits, and their microhabitats (coarse woody debris characteristics and microclimate) along an unharvested, partial cuts and clear cuts harvest treatment in 30 permanent plots established in the boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forests of northwestern Quebec, Canada. Our results were compared to those of an initial post-harvest study (year 5) and to a chronosequence of old growth forests to examine species changes over time and the similarity of bryophyte communities in partial cut and old growth forests. Coarse woody debris (CWD) volume by decay class varied among harvest treatments with partial cuts and clear cuts recording lower volumes of early decay CWD. The epixylic community was richer in partial cuts than in mature unharvested forests and clear cuts. In addition, species richness and overall abundance doubled in partial and clear cuts between years 5 and 14. Species composition also differed among treatments between years 5 and 14. Furthermore, conditions in partial cut stands supported small, drought sensitive, and old growth confined species that are threatened by conditions in clear cut stands. Lastly, over time, species composition in partial cuts became more similar to old growth forests. Partial cuts reduced harvest impacts by continuing to provide favorable microhabitat conditions that support epixylic bryophytes. Also, partial cut harvest has the potential to encourage old growth species assemblages, which has been a major concern for biodiversity conservation in managed forest landscapes. Our findings support the promotion of partial cut harvest as an effective strategy to achieve species and habitat conservation goals.

Occurrence of Piloderma fallax in young, rotation-age, and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade Range of Oregon, U.S.A.

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Smith ◽  
R Molina ◽  
M MP Huso ◽  
M J Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Decay Class ◽  
Rotation Age

Yellow mycelia and cords of Piloderma fallax (Lib.) Stalp. were more frequently observed in old-growth stands than in younger managed stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Piloderma fallax frequency and percent cover data were collected from 900 plots in three replicate stands in each of three forest age classes over 2 years in both spring and fall. Piloderma fallax is strongly associated with stand age; it occurred in 57% of plots in old-growth, 6% of rotation-age, and 1% of young stands. Presence of Piloderma fallax was related to the percent cover of coarse woody debris (CWD) in decay class 5. Piloderma fallax was approximately 2.5 times more likely to occur in a plot with CWD decay class 5 present than in plots without. The probability that it would occur in a plot increased by approximately 20% for every 10% increase in percent cover of CWD decay class 5. However, the percent cover of Piloderma fallax was not strongly related to the percent cover of CWD in decay class 5. Frequency of occurrence did not differ among sampling times. Occurrence of Piloderma fallax may indicate suitable substrate for ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with CWD and may be important in forest management for the maintenance of biodiversity and old-growth components in young managed stands.Key words: Piloderma fallax, coarse woody debris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, forest management, ectomycorrhizal fungi, biodiversity.

scholarly journals Patterns in Ectomycorrhizal Diversity, Community Composition, and Exploration Types in European Beech, Pine, and Spruce Forests

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Rosinger ◽  
Hans Sandén ◽  
Bradley Matthews ◽  
Mathias Mayer ◽  
Douglas Godbold
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Diversity ◽  
Exploration Types

Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are pivotal drivers of ecosystem functioning in temperate and boreal forests. They constitute an important pathway for plant-derived carbon into the soil and facilitate nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition. However, the mechanisms that drive ectomycorrhizal diversity and community composition are still subject to discussion. We investigated patterns in ectomycorrhizal diversity, community composition, and exploration types on root tips in Fagus sylvatica,Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris stands across Europe. Host tree species is the most important factor shaping the ectomycorrhizal community as well as the distribution of exploration types. Moreover, abiotic factors such as soil properties, N deposition, temperature, and precipitation, were found to significantly influence EM diversity and community composition. A clear differentiation into functional traits by means of exploration types was shown for all ectomycorrhizal communities across the three analyzed tree species. Contact and short-distance exploration types were clearly significantly more abundant than cord- or rhizomorph-forming long-distance exploration types of EM fungi. Medium-distance exploration types were significantly lower in abundance than contact and short-distance types, however they were the most frequent EM taxa and constituted nearly half of the EM community. Furthermore, EM taxa exhibit distinct ecological ranges, and the type of soil exploration seemed to determine whether EM taxa have small or rather big environmental ranges.

scholarly journals Fine scale distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi and roots across substrate layers including coarse woody debris in a mixed forest

2003 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leho Tedersoo ◽  
Urmas Koljalg ◽  
Nils Hallenberg ◽  
Karl-Henrik Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Fine Scale

Wood density and stocks of coarse woody debris in a northwestern Amazonian landscape

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Jung Chao ◽  
Oliver L. Phillips ◽  
Timothy R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Disturbance History ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
White Sand

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is a rarely studied component of the carbon cycle. We report the first measurements of both CWD wood density and necromass in humid, lowland northwestern Amazonia, using both line-intersect and plot-based methods. Average CWD densities were not significantly different between clay-rich and white sand unflooded forests, but lower in floodplain forest (p ≤ 0.001). Necromass of CWD lying on the ground was also lower in the floodplain (10.3 ± 6.1 Mg·ha–1, mean ± 1 SE) than in the clay-rich (30.9 ± 5.4) and white sand (45.8 ± 7.3) forests (p ≤ 0.001, using the line-intersect method). These patterns are likely driven by disturbance history, species composition, and decomposition rates. Plot-based data showed that standing and fallen CWD together accounted for 6.4%–15.4% of total coarse aboveground vegetative mass (trees ≥10 cm diameter). Across humid, lowland neotropical forests, we show that wood densities of intact and partially decayed CWD are significantly related with live wood density at the same site (p = 0.026 and 0.003, respectively). We show that these relationships can be applied generally to estimate CWD wood density for humid, lowland neotropical forests wherever destructive sampling is not possible.

scholarly journals Wood-inhabiting fungi on pedunculate oak coarse woody debris in relation to substratum quantity and forest age

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Iršėnaitė ◽  
Ernestas Kutorga
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Mature Stands

Wood-inhabiting fungi on pedunculate oak (<em>Quercus robur</em>) coarse woody debris (CWD) was investigated in 50 plots of 0.1 ha in oak stands of different ages in Lithuania. In maturing stands (50-120 years) the average volume of oak CWD was 4.7 m<sup>3</sup>/ha, and in mature stands (over 120 years) – 13.9 m3/ha. Both in maturing and mature stands, the greatest fraction of CWD consisted of fallen oak branches (81 % and 84 % respectively), whereas fallen trunks comprised about 10 % of the total units of CWD. In total 1350 records of 203 species (49 ascomycetes and 154 basidiomycetes) were collected during 2 years of investigation. Species richness and abundance increased significantly with the increase of volume and abundance of CWD. Higher species richness was detected in mature stands than in maturing ones. Wood-inhabiting species composition varied greatly at stand scale, and one third of all detected species occurred only in one plot. Red-listed fungi were found only in mature stands. We conclude that, even in managed oak stands, oak CWD maintains a rather diverse species composition of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. However, the current practice of forestry in Lithuania of removing dying or dead wood of large volume, e.g. standing and fallen trunks, reduce the distribution of highly specialized, usually rare, and endangered fungi.

Lakeside riparian forests support diversity of wood fungi in managed boreal forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2650-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atte Komonen ◽  
Mari E. Niemi ◽  
Kaisa Junninen
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Riparian Buffer Zones

Riparian forests often have a more diverse tree species composition and more woody debris than neighboring upland forests, but little is known about their importance for the conservation of deadwood-dependent species. We studied the forest characteristics and the diversity of wood fungi (poroid Aphyllophorales) in lakeside riparian (flat and sloping topography) and upland boreal forests in eastern Finland. Riparian forests had a higher density of broadleaved trees and broadleaved debris than did upland forests. A total of 48 species of wood fungi were recorded, including eight red-listed or old-growth forest indicator species. Overall, more species and records and greater diversity were observed in the flat riparian sites than in the sloped riparian and upland sites. The mean species richness did not differ significantly among site categories, indicating greater β diversity among the flat riparian sites. Species composition was more similar between the two riparian categories than between the riparian and upland sites. Riparian sites also hosted more fungal species associated with broadleaved trees. The results show that riparian forests support the diversity of wood fungi in managed boreal forests. Diversity of deadwood-dependent organisms can be promoted by leaving wider and completely unharvested riparian buffer zones.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Colonisation in Declining Oak Stands on the Krotoszyn Plateau, Poland

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Mariusz Bzdyk ◽  
Jacek Olchowik ◽  
Marcin Studnicki ◽  
Justyna Anna Nowakowska ◽  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Exploration Types ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Crown Health

We describe the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tips and the diversity of mycorrhizal fungal species at three English oak (Quercus robur) sites (two 120 year old sites and one 60 year old site). The three oak stands in decline, located in western Poland, were characterized by a low degree of vital ECM colonization: 30.2%, 29.1% and 25.6% at Krotoszyn (K), Piaski (P) and Karczma Borowa (KB), respectively. DNA (ITS) barcoding revealed a total of 18 ECM fungal species. Based on exploration types, ectomycorrhizae were classified with respect to ecologically relevant features. The contact type was significantly correlated with C:N and Corg, while the short distance type was correlated with Ca, phosphorus (P2O5) and pH. The medium distance exploration type was significantly correlated with fine-grained soil particle size fractions: coarse silt (0.05–0.02 mm) and fine silt (0.02–0.002 mm), and clay (<0.002 mm). The long distance type showed a similar pattern to the medium distance smooth type, but was also correlated with nitrate (N). The values of biometric root parameters of oak trees at the analysed forest sites were arranged as follows: K > P > KB, and were opposite to the condition of the tree crowns. A negative correlation of vital ECM root tip abundance with the crown health status of oaks was observed, whereas higher ECM diversity reflected better crown health in the oak stands studied.

scholarly journals Macromycetes of the Palace Park in Poznań-Radojewo (Wielkopolska Region, Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kujawa ◽  
Błażej Gierczyk ◽  
Barbara Kudławiec ◽  
Natalia Stokłosa ◽  
Anna Bujakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Botanical Society ◽  
Morchella Esculenta ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
The City

This work aimed to present the diversity of fungal species in the Poznań- Radojewo park. It was characterized based on literature data, unpublished master’s theses, the authors’ data, as well as data collected during two mycological trips organized by the Mycological Section of the Polish Botanical Society. Between 1980 and 2017, as many as 333 species of macromycetes have been found within the park in Poznań-Radojewo (among them 19% are rare and endangered), including eight protected species (<em>Mitrophora </em><em>semilibera</em>, <em>Morchella esculenta  </em>(var. <em>esculenta </em>and var. <em>umbrina</em>), <em>Geastrum corollinum</em>, <em>G. fornicatum</em>, <em>Hericium coralloides, </em>and <em>Myriostoma coliforme</em>), as well as two species new to the Polish mycobiota: <em>Psathyrella bipellis </em>and <em>P. larga</em>. The park in Poznań-Radojewo is very important for maintaining a high species diversity of fungi within the city of Poznań. During revitalization works, it is of paramount importance to take the needs of rare, threatened, and protected species under consideration and to preserve the natural character of plant communities. It is also vital to ensure the presence of coarse woody debris at different decomposition phases, which serves as an important substratum type for rare fungi.

Comparison of structural and compositional characteristics in old-growth and mature, managed hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A.

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1479-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Hale ◽  
J Pastor ◽  
K A Rusterholz
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forests

Extended rotation of managed temperate hardwood forests is sometimes presumed to provide the important compositional and structural features of old-growth hardwood forests. However, the features of temperate hardwood old-growth and managed stands of extended rotation age have not been fully quantified and compared. This study compared quantitative parameters (density and volume of logs and snags, coarse woody debris volume (volume of logs + volume of snags), the proportion of hollow logs, basal area and tree, sapling, large seedling and small seedling densities), distributional patterns (diameter class and rot class of live trees, decay class of logs), and vascular plant species composition and diversity in old-growth and mature, managed sugar maple (Acer saccharum L.) - basswood (Tilia americana L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) stands. Old-growth forests had higher coarse woody debris volumes and higher proportions of hollow logs, of live trees in large diameter classes, of logs in decay classes 1 and 2, and of live trees in rot classes 3-5 than the mature, managed forests. Old-growth and mature, managed forests did not differ significantly in plant species composition. These results indicate that, while older extended-rotation, managed stands can be very similar compositionally to old-growth forests, they differ quantitatively in structural features.

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