scholarly journals Small Roots of Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie Decompose Slower than Twigs

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Gbadamassi G. O. Dossa ◽  
Yan-Qiang Jin ◽  
Xiao-Tao Lü ◽  
Jian-Wei Tang ◽  
Rhett D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Below Ground

Plants produce above- and below-ground biomass. However, our understanding of both production and decomposition of below-ground biomass is poor, largely because of the difficulties of accessing roots. Below-ground organic matter decomposition studies are scant and especially rare in the tropics. In this study, we used a litter bag experiment to quantify the mass loss and nutrient dynamics of decomposing twigs and small roots from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associated tree, Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie, in a tropical rain forest in Southwest China. Overall, twig litter decomposed 1.9 times faster than small roots (decay rate (k) twig = 0.255, root = 0.134). The difference in decomposition rates can be explained by a difference in phosphorus (P) concentration, availability, and use by decomposers or carbon quality. Twigs and small roots showed an increase in nitrogen concentration, with final concentrations still higher than initial levels. This suggests nitrogen transfer from the surrounding environment into decomposing twigs and small roots. Both carbon and nitrogen dynamics were significantly predicted by mass loss and showed a negative and positive relationship, respectively. Our study results imply that small roots carbon and nitrogen increase the resident time in the soil. Therefore, a better understanding of the carbon cycle requires a better understanding of the mechanisms governing below-ground biomass decomposition.

scholarly journals Fine Roots of Parashorea chinensis Decompose Slower than Twigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbadamassi G.O. Dossa ◽  
Yan-Qiang Jin ◽  
Xiao-Tao Lü ◽  
Jian-Wei Tang ◽  
Rhett D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Difference

Plants produce above- and below-ground biomass. However, our understanding of both production and decomposition of below-ground biomass is poor, largely because of the difficulties of accessing study materials. Below-ground organic matter decomposition studies are scanty and especially rare in the tropics. Here, we used a litter bag experiment to quantify the mass loss and nutrients dynamics of decomposing twigs and fine roots from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associated tree, Parashorea chinensis, in a tropical rain forest in Southwest China. Overall, twig litter decomposed 1.9 times faster than fine roots (decay rate (k) twig=0.255, root=0.134). The difference in decomposition rates can be explained by a difference in phosphorus (P) concentration, availability and use by decomposers or C quality. Both materials showed an increase in N concentration, with final measurements still higher than initial levels. This suggests N may not be available due to microbial immobilization. Both carbon and nitrogen dynamics were significantly predicted by mass loss and showed a negative and positive relationship, respectively. Our study results imply that fine roots carbon and nitrogen contribute more to soils organic matter and enlarge the resident time. Therefore, better understanding of carbon cycle requires better understanding of mechanisms governing below ground biomass decomposition.   

scholarly journals Effect of legume and grazing intensity on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock in Himalayan rangeland

Our Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Madan Koirala ◽  
Zhanhuan Shang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

Organic carbon and total nitrogen are important components of global carbon and nitrogen cycle in rangeland ecology.Objective of this study is to identify and quantify the present status of carbon and nitrogen pool in Himalayan rangeland and to make recommendations for enhancing carbon and nitrogen storage for rangeland management. To meet the aforementioned objectives, the field study was conducted in 2011 -2013. The study showed that soil organic carbon was highest in legume seeding sub-plot in top soil (28.53 ± 2.6) t/ha of heavily grazed area. Similarly, total nitrogen was highest in bottom soil (2.81 ± 0.16) t/ha in legume seeding sub-plot of enclosed un-grazed area. Usually, heavily grazed and legume seeding sub-plots had more soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration compared to others. The value of above ground biomass was in increasing trend with decreasing grazing intensity but for below ground biomass, it was just the reverse. On the basis of the results of this study, the grazing intensity is positively correlated with above ground and below ground biomass and soil organic carbon but no correlation with soil total nitrogen and soil bulk density.

Mass loss and nitrogen dynamics of decaying litter of grasslands: the apparent low nitrogen immobilization potential of root detritus

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Seastedt ◽  
W. J. Parton ◽  
D. S. Ojima
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Immobilization ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Root Litter ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Litter-bag studies and simulation modeling were used to examine the relationship between mass loss and nitrogen content of decaying prairie foliage and root litter. In contrast with forest studies, grassland roots were low in lignin and nitrogen, decayed more rapidly than foliage, and demonstrated very low nitrogen immobilization potentials. Our findings agree with reports indicating that buried substrates with high C:N ratios do not immobilize substantial amounts of nitrogen and that nitrogen-limited environments induce steeper slopes in the mass loss – nitrogen concentration relationship. However, results suggesting rapid nitrogen mineralization contradict our own studies demonstrating reduced inorganic nitrogen availability in soils of frequently burned prairie. Simulation of observed patterns using the CENTURY grassland model indicated that these results could not occur without creating soil organic matter with unrealistically high C:N ratios. Litter-bag studies of buried substrates therefore may provide an incomplete perspective on the mass loss and nitrogen dynamics of buried litter in grassland and agroecosystem soils. Key words: Andropogon gerardii, C:N ratio, decomposition, immobilization, mineralization, nitrogen.

Temporal scale and the accumulation of peat in a Sphagnum bog

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Belyea ◽  
Barry G. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Peat Accumulation ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

We examined short-term (decadal) and long-term (millenial) processes of peat accumulation, and the links between them, in a Sphagnum bog in continental Canada. A previously published model of bog growth was fitted to age profiles of the oxic acrotelm (surface, < 60 cm thick) and the underlying, anoxic catotelm (210 cm thick). Approximately 5300 years of accumulation were represented in a radiocarbon-dated core that extended to the base of the deepest part of the peat deposit. The model estimated that the overall rate at which material entered long-term storage in the catotelm was 60–66 g∙m−2∙a−1. Although the decay rate coefficient was near zero, the bog stopped accumulating peat within the past 1500 years, resulting from either a decrease in the rate of transfer of material from the acrotelm or an increase in the rate of decay of material at the top of the catotelm. The model of bog growth estimated recent inputs to the acrotelm (90–930 g∙m−2∙a−1) that were twofold higher than published field measurements of aboveground productivity, and decay rate coefficients (0.005–0.040 a−1) that were 10-fold lower than published litter-bag measurements of mass loss. The pattern of mass loss over time, approximated from nitrogen concentration data, deviated from the pattern predicted by exponential models of decay. Calculations of the balance between additions to and losses from the acrotelm suggest that the amount of material transferred to the underlying catotelm differs among microhabitats. Such spatial variability in short-term processes is incompatible with long-term processes determining the position of the acrotelm–catotelm boundary. We discuss the applicability of the model to continental peatlands and suggest ways to improve modelling of short-term autogenic processes. Keywords: peatland, peat accumulation, organic matter, decomposition, age profiles, mathematical models.

A constructed surface flow wetland for treating agricultural waste waters

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Borin ◽  
G. Bonaiti ◽  
G. Santamaria ◽  
L. Giardini
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
General Information ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

A study was conducted between December 1997 and December 1998 in NE Italy on a 3,200 m2 surface flow vegetated wetland receiving agricultural drainage water from a cultivated field of about 6 ha and occasional applications of organic wastes. The study aimed at evaluating: 1) biomass and seasonal nitrogen dynamics in above- and below-ground biomass of Phragmites australis Cav. (Trin.) and Typha latifolia (L.) grown in separate zones; 2) the effectiveness of the wetland in removing nutrients and sediments coming from the fields; 3) the possibility that wetland could treat occasional applications of organic wastes and 4) to collect some general information on whether the wetland can receive heavy loads coming from storm water runoff. Monthly observations showed that, in both species, aboveground biomass, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen content reached maximum values in summer and minimum values in winter. The contrary occurred in below-ground biomass. The total input of water in the wetland was 66,000 m3 ha-1, of which 7,700 were drained. Total nitrogen input was 526 kg ha-1, of which 58 were discharged out of the wetland.

scholarly journals Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerong Wang ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Naiqian Guan ◽  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

scholarly journals Eucalypt Clonal Hybrid Influences the Carbon Amount of Below-Ground Biomass in Oxisol, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Grasiele Dick ◽  
Humberto J. Eufrade-Junior ◽  
Mauro V. Schumacher ◽  
Gileno B. Azevedo ◽  
Saulo P. S. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variances ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽  
Carbon Determination ◽  
Hybrid Clones

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an influence of different clonal hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla on the carbon concentration and amount in below-ground biomass in trees cultivated in Oxisol, Brazil. Stumps and roots of three different eucalypt hybrid clones, AEC 0144, AEC 0223, and VM01, were selected, weighed immediately after being removed from the ground, and sampled for carbon determination and moisture content at the laboratory. The Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests were used to evaluate data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Scott-Knott test was used to evaluate the effects of specie/hybrid on the below-ground biomass (dry matter) and carbon amount per stump. The hybrid type of Eucalyptus urophylla does not influence the carbon concentration; however, there is a difference in below-ground biomass production and carbon amount with it being higher for Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus camaldulensis when compared to the species Eucalyptus urophylla and hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.

scholarly journals Above- and Below-ground Biomass Relationships Across 1534 Forested Communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-L. Cheng ◽  
K. J. Niklas
Keyword(s):  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Testing the Growth Rate Hypothesis in Vascular Plants with Above- and Below-Ground Biomass

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e32162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Honghui Wu ◽  
Nianpeng He ◽  
Xiaotao Lü ◽  
Zhiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Growth Rate Hypothesis ◽  
Below Ground

Carbon and nitrogen transfer in leaf litter mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Linnea Berglund ◽  
Göran I. Ågren ◽  
Alf Ekblad
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Litter Mixtures
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