A constructed surface flow wetland for treating agricultural waste waters

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Borin ◽  
G. Bonaiti ◽  
G. Santamaria ◽  
L. Giardini
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
General Information ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

A study was conducted between December 1997 and December 1998 in NE Italy on a 3,200 m2 surface flow vegetated wetland receiving agricultural drainage water from a cultivated field of about 6 ha and occasional applications of organic wastes. The study aimed at evaluating: 1) biomass and seasonal nitrogen dynamics in above- and below-ground biomass of Phragmites australis Cav. (Trin.) and Typha latifolia (L.) grown in separate zones; 2) the effectiveness of the wetland in removing nutrients and sediments coming from the fields; 3) the possibility that wetland could treat occasional applications of organic wastes and 4) to collect some general information on whether the wetland can receive heavy loads coming from storm water runoff. Monthly observations showed that, in both species, aboveground biomass, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen content reached maximum values in summer and minimum values in winter. The contrary occurred in below-ground biomass. The total input of water in the wetland was 66,000 m3 ha-1, of which 7,700 were drained. Total nitrogen input was 526 kg ha-1, of which 58 were discharged out of the wetland.

scholarly journals Effect of legume and grazing intensity on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock in Himalayan rangeland

Our Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Madan Koirala ◽  
Zhanhuan Shang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

Organic carbon and total nitrogen are important components of global carbon and nitrogen cycle in rangeland ecology.Objective of this study is to identify and quantify the present status of carbon and nitrogen pool in Himalayan rangeland and to make recommendations for enhancing carbon and nitrogen storage for rangeland management. To meet the aforementioned objectives, the field study was conducted in 2011 -2013. The study showed that soil organic carbon was highest in legume seeding sub-plot in top soil (28.53 ± 2.6) t/ha of heavily grazed area. Similarly, total nitrogen was highest in bottom soil (2.81 ± 0.16) t/ha in legume seeding sub-plot of enclosed un-grazed area. Usually, heavily grazed and legume seeding sub-plots had more soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration compared to others. The value of above ground biomass was in increasing trend with decreasing grazing intensity but for below ground biomass, it was just the reverse. On the basis of the results of this study, the grazing intensity is positively correlated with above ground and below ground biomass and soil organic carbon but no correlation with soil total nitrogen and soil bulk density.

scholarly journals Small Roots of Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie Decompose Slower than Twigs

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Gbadamassi G. O. Dossa ◽  
Yan-Qiang Jin ◽  
Xiao-Tao Lü ◽  
Jian-Wei Tang ◽  
Rhett D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Below Ground

Plants produce above- and below-ground biomass. However, our understanding of both production and decomposition of below-ground biomass is poor, largely because of the difficulties of accessing roots. Below-ground organic matter decomposition studies are scant and especially rare in the tropics. In this study, we used a litter bag experiment to quantify the mass loss and nutrient dynamics of decomposing twigs and small roots from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associated tree, Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie, in a tropical rain forest in Southwest China. Overall, twig litter decomposed 1.9 times faster than small roots (decay rate (k) twig = 0.255, root = 0.134). The difference in decomposition rates can be explained by a difference in phosphorus (P) concentration, availability, and use by decomposers or carbon quality. Twigs and small roots showed an increase in nitrogen concentration, with final concentrations still higher than initial levels. This suggests nitrogen transfer from the surrounding environment into decomposing twigs and small roots. Both carbon and nitrogen dynamics were significantly predicted by mass loss and showed a negative and positive relationship, respectively. Our study results imply that small roots carbon and nitrogen increase the resident time in the soil. Therefore, a better understanding of the carbon cycle requires a better understanding of the mechanisms governing below-ground biomass decomposition.

scholarly journals Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerong Wang ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Naiqian Guan ◽  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

scholarly journals Eucalypt Clonal Hybrid Influences the Carbon Amount of Below-Ground Biomass in Oxisol, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Grasiele Dick ◽  
Humberto J. Eufrade-Junior ◽  
Mauro V. Schumacher ◽  
Gileno B. Azevedo ◽  
Saulo P. S. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variances ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽  
Carbon Determination ◽  
Hybrid Clones

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an influence of different clonal hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla on the carbon concentration and amount in below-ground biomass in trees cultivated in Oxisol, Brazil. Stumps and roots of three different eucalypt hybrid clones, AEC 0144, AEC 0223, and VM01, were selected, weighed immediately after being removed from the ground, and sampled for carbon determination and moisture content at the laboratory. The Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests were used to evaluate data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Scott-Knott test was used to evaluate the effects of specie/hybrid on the below-ground biomass (dry matter) and carbon amount per stump. The hybrid type of Eucalyptus urophylla does not influence the carbon concentration; however, there is a difference in below-ground biomass production and carbon amount with it being higher for Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus camaldulensis when compared to the species Eucalyptus urophylla and hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.

scholarly journals Above- and Below-ground Biomass Relationships Across 1534 Forested Communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-L. Cheng ◽  
K. J. Niklas
Keyword(s):  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Testing the Growth Rate Hypothesis in Vascular Plants with Above- and Below-Ground Biomass

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e32162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Honghui Wu ◽  
Nianpeng He ◽  
Xiaotao Lü ◽  
Zhiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Growth Rate Hypothesis ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Above and Below Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock in Permanent Grasslands of Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Radoslava Kanianska ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Zuzana Dugátová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Grassland Type ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Abandoned Grassland

Abstract This paper aimed to monitory the dry matter biomass production and carbon stocks of above-and below-ground biomass in five types of grasslands in Slovakia: i) lowland oversowed pasture ii) lowland hay meadows, iii) mesophilous pasture, iv) mountain hay meadows, v) abandoned grassland. Averaged over two cropping seasons the total above-and below-ground biomass differed significantly across the monitored grasslands. It ranged respectively from 2.18 to 7.86 t/ha and from 9.64 to 22.67 t/ha dry matter depending on the pedoclimatic condition and the botanical composition of each grassland type. Consequently, this resulted also in the carbon stocks in above-and below-ground biomass. Generally, the mean carbon stocks were 1.56 t/ha for above-ground biomass (24%) and 4.83 t/ha for below-ground biomass (76%). The botanical composition for all the grassland types was also described. The highest number of plant species (55) was observed in lowland hay meadow located in Slovak Karst, the lowest one (23) for the oversowed grassland located in Eastern Slovak Upland. This monitoring paper showed that semi-natural grassland habitats and improved grasslands as well are an important carbon sink, and they can play a key role in global climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Linking floral biodiversity with nitrogen and carbon translocations in semi-natural grasslands in Lithuani

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Saulius Marcinkonis ◽  
Birutė Karpavičienė ◽  
Michael A. Fullen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Grassland Communities

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term effects of long-term piggery effluent application on semi-natural grassland ecotop-phytotop changes (above- and below-ground phytomass production, and carbon and nitrogen allocation in grassland communities) in relation to changes (or variability) in topsoil properties. Analysis of phytomass distribution in piggery effluent irrigated grassland communities showed that dry biomass yield varied from 1.7−5.3 t ha-1. Variability in soil and plant cover created a unique and highly unpredictable site specific system, where long-term anthropogenic influences established successor communities with specific characteristics of above- and below-ground biomass distribution. These characteristics depend more on grassland communities than on soil chemical properties. Families of grasses (Poaceae) dominated the surveyed communities and accumulated most carbon and least nitrogen, while legumes accumulated most nitrogen and lignin and least carbon. Carbon concentrations in above-ground biomass had minor variations, while accumulation of nitrogen was strongly influenced by species diversity (r = 0.94, n = 10, p <0.001) and production of above-ground biomass

Vertical distribution of below-ground biomass in intensively grazed mesic grasslands

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Alvarez ◽  
Antonio Gómez-Sal
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground
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