scholarly journals Lessons Learned from Arson Wildfire Incidence in Reforestations and Natural Stands in Spain

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Da Ponte ◽  
Sergi Costafreda-Aumedes ◽  
Cristina Vega-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Fire Incidence ◽  
Fire Type

Wildfires are currently considered the major threat to forests in Mediterranean countries. It has been implied that a large percentage of arson-caused fires in Spain are connected with the extensive reforestation programs implemented between 1940 and 1970. However, no consistent studies have been conducted to study the relationships between arson-caused fires and stand origin. Therefore, the goal of this study was to analyze occurrences and model the influence of forest stand origin (artificial or not) on the development of wildfires in peninsular Spain. Twenty-one neural network models were trained to estimate fire incidence through fire type (surface or crown fire), burned area and total treed burned area, based on stand age (years), canopy cover (%), natural age class (from seedling to mature stages) and fuel type classification. Models were built for reforested stands and natural stands of Pinus pinaster Ait., the Mediterranean pines Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra Arn., Pinus halepensis Mill. and Eucalyptus sp. L’Hér., or groups of these species, and the resulting models were compared. Reforested stands presented higher fire incidence than natural stands mainly for productive species like Pinus pinaster Ait. According to the fire type models, thickets had a large influence in the development of crown fires in reforested stands in a general model for all species, the model with the Mediterranean group of pines, and the Pinus pinaster Ait. model. Vertical continuity influenced crown fire propagation in natural Mediterranean pines and in Eucalyptus stands. Presence of shrubs, grasslands and wood slash was related to surface fires in models for both reforested and natural stands. The results suggested that stand origin was influential on fire incidence, at least with regard to fire type and commercial species in the northwestern region of Spain.

Seed provenance and fire-related reproductive traits of Pinus pinaster in central Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gil ◽  
Rosana López ◽  
Álvaro García-Mateos ◽  
Inés González-Doncel
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Burnt Wood ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait ◽  
Mediterranean Pine ◽  
Natural Stands

Disregarded for centuries, Mediterranean pine forests in Spain have been severely affected by human activities including fires and livestock grazing. As a consequence, reforestation programs were started by the late 1800s, albeit the origin of the seeds was not considered until the late 1960s. In July 2005, a large Pinus pinaster Ait. forest, located in Guadalajara (central Spain), burned down. In this area, we studied fire-related fitness traits in natural stands (zone N) and compared them to those of trees sown with seeds from foreign sources (zone S). Cone production per hectare in zone N doubled that found in zone S. In addition, zone N resulted in more saplings per hectare as well as more small trees bearing cones than zone S. In zone S, trees showed thicker crowns and less fructification resulting in open formations with low intraspecific competition. Whereas in the natural stands the average percentage of serotiny per tree was 32%, in the sown stands only one serotinous cone was found in seven unburned harvested trees. Compared with zone S, the presence of seedlings after springtime was almost nine times higher in zone N in spite of the damaging effects of logging and removal of burnt wood.

Response of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) recruitment to fire severity and post-fire management in a coastal burned area in Galicia (NW Spain)

Plant Ecology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Vega ◽  
Cristina Fernández ◽  
Pedro Pérez-Gorostiaga ◽  
Teresa Fonturbel
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait

scholarly journals Using density management diagrams to assess crown fire potential in Pinus pinaster Ait. stands

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibán Gómez-Vázquez ◽  
Paulo M. Fernandes ◽  
Manuel Arias-Rodil ◽  
Marcos Barrio-Anta ◽  
Fernando Castedo-Dorado
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait

Valorisation of non-timber by-products from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster, Ait) for particleboard production

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 113581
Author(s):  
J. Santos ◽  
J. Pereira ◽  
N. Ferreira ◽  
N. Paiva ◽  
J. Ferra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Association between the Mediterranean lifestyle, metabolic syndrome and mortality: a whole-country cohort in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
Rosario Ortolá ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽  
Esther Garcia-Esquinas ◽  
David Martínez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Background Evidence is limited about the joint health effects of the Mediterranean lifestyle on cardiometabolic health and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the Mediterranean lifestyle with the frequency of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Spain. Methods Data were taken from ENRICA study, a prospective cohort of 11,090 individuals aged 18+ years, representative of the population of Spain, who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes at 2008–2010 and were followed-up to 2017. The Mediterranean lifestyle was assessed at baseline with the 27-item MEDLIFE index (with higher score representing better adherence). Results Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of MEDLIFE, those in the highest quartile had a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5, 0.93) for MS, 0.63. (0.51, 0.80) for abdominal obesity, and 0.76 (0.63, 0.90) for low HDL-cholesterol. Similarly, a higher MELDIFE score was associated with lower HOMA-IR and highly-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P-trend < 0.001). During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 330 total deaths (74 CVD deaths) were ascertained. When comparing those in highest vs. lowest quartile of MEDLIFE, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) was 0.58 (0.37, 0.90) for total mortality and 0.33 (0.11, 1.02) for cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions The Mediterranean lifestyle was associated with lower frequency of MS and reduced all-cause mortality in Spain. Future studies should determine if this also applies to other Mediterranean countries, and also improve cardiovascular health outside the Mediterranean basin.

scholarly journals Family Meals, Conviviality and the Mediterranean Diet among Families with Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Andrea de la Torre-Moral ◽  
Sergi Fàbregues ◽  
Anna Bach-Faig ◽  
Albert Fornieles-Deu ◽  
F. Xavier Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Meal ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Meal Composition

Two aspects that characterize the Mediterranean diet (MD) are “what” and “how” we eat. Conviviality relates to “how” we eat and to the pleasure of sharing meals with significant people. The most studied concept is “family meals”, which includes conviviality, which involves “enjoying” family meals. Given the lack of research on convivial family meals in Mediterranean countries, the purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the family meal representations and practices of families with 12- to 16-year-old adolescents to assess whether they responded to a pattern of conviviality, and to examine their association with MD adherence. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted and food frequency and family meal questionnaires were administered. A food pattern analysis was carried out and digital photos of meals were analyzed to examine eating habits and meal composition, respectively. The findings showed that parents believed family meals are a space for socialization and communication. Items relating to the conviviality of family meals identified in the study were meal frequency, meals at the table, lack of digital distractions, pleasant conversations, and time spent on family meals. Attention should be paid to conviviality in Mediterranean families when designing multi-approach strategies to promote healthy eating among adolescents.

Does phylogeographical structure relate to climatic niche divergence? A test using maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1302-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Serra-Varela ◽  
D. Grivet ◽  
L. Vincenot ◽  
O. Broennimann ◽  
J. Gonzalo-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Niche Divergence ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait

scholarly journals Fire severity as a key factor in post-fire regeneration of Pinus pinaster (Ait.) in Central Portugal

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Maia ◽  
Juli G. Pausas ◽  
Ana Vasques ◽  
Jan Jacob Keizer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Central Portugal
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