scholarly journals The Effects of Different Lead Pollution Levels on Soil Microbial Quantities and Metabolic Function with/without Salix integra Thunb. Planting

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Niu ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Zhuotian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Unplanted Soil ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Microbial Quantities

Background and Objectives: Salix integra Thunb., a fast-growing woody species, has been used in phytoremediation in recent years. It has the potential to accumulate high amounts of lead (Pb) in its growth, however, its effects on soil microbial community structure and function during its phytoextraction processes are not well understood, especially at different pollution levels. Materials and Methods: In our study, we set unplanted and planted Salix integra in areas with four levels of Pb treatments (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg). After six months of planting, the rhizospheric soil, bulk soil, and unplanted soil were collected. Soil properties and microbes participating in nitrogen and phosphorus cycling were measured, following standard methods. Microbial metabolic functions were assessed using a Biolog-ECO microplate. Results: The bacteria (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrosobacteria) all increased in the 500 mg/kg treatment and decreased in the 1500 mg/kg treatment compared with the 0 mg/kg treatment, especially in rhizospheric soil. The microbial metabolisms decreased along with the increase of Pb levels, with the exception of the rhizospheric soil with a 500 mg/kg treatment. The metabolic patterns were relative to the pollution levels. The utilization of carbohydrates was decreased, and of amino acids or fatty acids was increased, in the 500 mg/kg treatment, while the opposite occurred in the 1500 mg/kg treatment. The values of soil properties, microbial quantities, and metabolic activities were higher in rhizospheric than bulk soil, while the differences between bulk and unplanted soil were different among the different Pb treatments. The soil properties had little effect on the microbial quantities and metabolic activities. Conclusions: S. integra planting and Pb levels had an interactive effect on the microbial community. In general, S. integra planting promoted microbial quantities and metabolic activity in rhizospheric soil. Lower Pb pollution increased microbial quantities and promoted the utilization of amino acids or fatty acids, while higher Pb concentrations decreased microbial quantities and metabolic activities, and promoted the utilization of carbohydrates.

Impacts of heavy metals and soil properties at a Nigerian e-waste site on soil microbial community

2019 ◽  
Vol 362 ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Adedoyin Adebayo ◽  
Jianli Jia ◽  
Yi Xing ◽  
Songqiang Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Waste Site ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Response to the Application of Cefuroxime and/or Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas putida Strain MC1

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Orlewska ◽  
Anna Markowicz ◽  
Zofia Piotrowska-Seget ◽  
Joanna Smoleń-Dzirba ◽  
Mariusz Cycoń
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Catabolic Activity

Cefuroxime (XM), the most commonly prescribed antibiotic from the cephalosporin group, may cause changes in the structure of the soil microbial community, and these changes may also be reflected in the alteration of its functionality. Therefore, due to the lack of studies on this topic, the scope of this study was to assess the functional diversity and catabolic activity of the microbial community in soil treated with XM (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg soil) using the community-level physiological profile (CLPP) approach during a 90-day experiment. In addition, the effect of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain MC1 (Ps) was also evaluated. The resistance/resilience concept and multifactorial analysis were used to interpret the data. The results showed that the introduction of XM and/or Ps into the soil caused changes in the catabolic activity and functional diversity of the microbial community. A decrease in the values of the CLPP indices (i.e., microbial activity expressed as the average well-color development (AWCD), substrate richness (R), the Shannon-Wiener (H) and evenness (E) indices and the AWCD values for the six carbon substrate groups) for the XM-treated soil was generally detected up to 30 days. In turn, at the same time, the activity measured in the Ps-inoculated soil was higher compared to the control soil. A stimulatory effect of XM at 10 mg/kg (XM10) and XM10+Ps on the utilization pattern of each substrate group was found at the following sampling times (days 60 and 90). The AWCD values for the utilization of amines, amino acids, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, miscellaneous compounds and polymers for these treatments were found to be up to 2.3-, 3.1-, 2.3-, 13-, 3.4- and 3.3-fold higher compared to the values for the nontreated control, respectively. The resistance of the CLPP indices and the AWCD values for the carbon substrate groups were categorized as follows: E > H > R > AWCD and amino acids = carbohydrates > polymers > amines > miscellaneous > carboxylic acids, respectively. The results suggest a low initial resistance of the soil microbial community to XM and/or Ps, and despite the short-term negative effect, the balance of the soil ecosystem may be disturbed.

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Community Composition and Diversity Remained Unchanged in a Semiarid Grassland in Northwestern China After 7 Years of Nitrogen Addition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Guo ◽  
Zhongming Wen ◽  
Hossein Ghanizadeh ◽  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Yongming Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Community Weighted Mean

Abstract Aims Nitrogen (N) deposition is a global environmental problem that can alter community compositions and functions, and consequently, the ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed the responses of aboveground vegetation, surface soil properties and microbial communities to N addition, and explored the drivers of microbial community in a semiarid steppe ecosystem in northwest of China. Methods Thirty-six 6×10-m2 plots composed of six N addition levels and six replicates were distributed in six columns and six rows. Nine vegetation characteristics and seven soil properties were measured and calculated. Soil microbial characteristics were analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results N addition positively affected aboveground vegetation traits such as the community weighted-mean of leaf nitrogen content (LNCWM). High N inputs significantly altered the microbial community assembly process from random to deterministic. The microbial community diversity and composition, however, were not sensitive to N addition. A piecewise structural equation model (SEM) further showed that the microbial community composition was affected by both aboveground vegetation and soil properties. The composition of bacterial communities was mainly regulated by the composition of plant communities and soil total N. In contrast, the composition of fungal communities was driven by soil pH and the community weighted-mean of specific leaf area (SLACWM). Microbial diversity and composition remained unchanged because their drivers were not affected by N addition. The results of this research improved our understanding of the response of grassland ecosystems to N deposition, and provided a theoretical basis for grassland utilization and management under N deposition.

scholarly journals Selected amino acids uptake by microorganisms in soil of differently managed mountain meadows

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Valerie Vranová ◽  
Ladislav Holík ◽  
Michael Pöschl ◽  
Klement Rejšek ◽  
Pavel Formánek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Mountain Meadows

This work was aimed at determination of the effect of 13 years abandonment of previously long-term mown mountain meadows on uptake of L-glutamic acid (14CO2H[14CH2]2[NH2]14CO2H) and L-alanine (14CH314CH[NH2]14CO2H) by microbial community of Ap horizon (3–13 cm). The study plots has been located near to the experimental stand “Bílý Kříž“ which is located in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mountains (N 49°30’17”, E 18°32’28”), on a slope with an elevation of 825–860 m a. s. l. and southeast orientation, and soil classified as an Oxyaquic Hapludalf. The study was performed to test method for measurement of 14C-labelled amino acids uptake by soil microbial community and to increase knowledge on particular processes of N-transformation in soil of these ecosystems. The results obtained in this work showed that 13 years abandonment of mountain meadow did not significantly (P > 0.05) influence rate of glutamic acid or alanine uptake by soil microbial community. Further research including determination of amino acids use by soil microbial biomass with expression of their partitioning between production of new microbial biomass and energy metabolism is necessary.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of three fungicides on clubroot disease of tumorous stem mustard and soil bacterial community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Liao ◽  
Luyun Luo ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Lingzhi Wang ◽  
Xuedan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Α Diversity

Abstract Purpose The application of fungicides is one of the main strategies to prevent clubroot disease. Currently, numerous studies focus on changes in the soil microbial community at different levels of clubroot disease severity. However, the effects of fungicides on the soil microbial community and causative pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae, while preventing clubroot disease remain unclear. Methods In this study, we evaluated the control efficacy of three fungicides (fluazinam, metalaxyl-mancozeb, and carbendazim) on clubroot disease of tumorous stem mustard in greenhouse experiment. Uninoculated and Water treatments after inoculation were performed as controls. At three (3 W) and six weeks (6 W) post-inoculation of P. brassicae, soil properties, bacterial composition (sequencing of 16S rRNA genes), and effector gene expression of the pathogen were analyzed. The correlation of these factors with disease index (DI) was explored. Results Fluazinam was the most effective in controlling clubroot disease of tumorous stem mustard with a controlled efficacy of 59.81%, and the abundance of P. brassicae in the soil decreased 21.29% after 3 weeks of treatment. Compared with other treatments, twelve out of twenty effector genes showed higher expression in fluazinam 3 W samples. Different fungicides had different effects on soil properties. EC (electrical conductivity), the main factor that positively associated with DI, was significantly lower in fluazinam treatment than the other two fungicide treatments. The application of fungicides, especially carbendazim, significantly reduced bacterial α-diversity and the composition of soil bacteria. Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, and Sphingobacterium (positively correlated with DI) were enriched in Water, metalaxyl-mancozeb, and carbendazim treatments, but were less abundant in fluazinam treatment. Among the three fungicide treatments, DI was significantly negatively correlated with Shannon and Chao 1 indices. Soil properties and the top bacterial genera that positively correlated with DI were influenced to a lesser degree in the fluazinam treatment. Conclusion Among three fungicides, fluazinam was the most effective agent with the highest control effects against clubroot disease. The strong virulence of fluazinam against P. brassicae was one of the main reasons for the prevention of clubroot disease, and in addition the alteration of rhizosphere bacterial community by fluazinam to the detriment of P. brassicae infection. Based on our results, EC could be an indicator of the severity of clubroot disease.

Land use types influence soil microbial community through effects on soil properties in the dry-hot valley region in southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taicong Liu ◽  
Li Rong ◽  
Xingwu Duan ◽  
Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Land use is one of the most important forms in agricultural production. Non-appropriate land use can cause deterioration of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, thus affecting sustainable agriculture. Earlier reports showed that land use drastically altered microbial community composition. However, the mechanism of land use on microbial communities is still not fully understood. In the present study, we focus on the dry hot valley, characterized by high temperature and low humility, to test whether soil properties from four primary land uses including the land conversion from farmland (SLC), sugarcane land (SL), maize land with conventional tillage (CT) and bare land (BL) have different influences on soil microbial communities. The results showed that land uses altered bacterial and fungal community composition. In SL and BL, we found the respective absence of a kind of fungi at phylum the level. The abundances of several bacterial phyla in SL such as Gemmatimonadets and Acidobacteria associated with promoting mineralization were higher than that in other land uses. RDA indicated that bacterial communities were influenced by soil total nitrogen, total organic carbon and available potassium contents, and fungal communities were dominated by available potassium contents. SEM (structural equation model) showed that land use has direct and indirect effects on bacterial composition, while only indirect effects on fungal by land use. Land use indirectly affected bacterial composition through effects on soil moisture, clay and available potassium contents, whereas through effects on clay and available potassium for fungal composition. Land use exhibited greater impacts on bacterial composition than fungal composition, implying bacteria was more sensitive to land use changes compared to fungi in the dry-hot valley. Considering the low level of total potassium in soil under SL and CT, elevated potassium fertilizer would be a beneficial pathway to improve soil microbial composition and soil nutrients in the dry hot valley.</p><p><strong>Key word</strong>: Land use, Soil microbial community, Dry-hot valley, Soil properties, Structural equation model.</p>

scholarly journals Responses of Soil Microbial Traits to Ground Cover in Citrus Orchards in Central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2507
Author(s):  
Yupeng Wu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Ronggui Hu ◽  
Jinsong Zhao ◽  
Yanbin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

A clear understanding of which factors play an important role in the development of the soil microbial community in orchards will benefit our understanding of ground cover impacts on soil nutrient cycling. Thus, in the present study, grass properties, soil properties, and soil microbial community structure were determined in a citrus orchard after 5 years of management with different types of ground cover (NG: natural grass, LP: monoculture of legumes, and NL: mixed culture of natural grasses and legumes) to evaluate how ground cover biomass and nitrogen-fixing ability drive soil physicochemical and microbial traits. Plant biomass carbon (BC) and nitrogen (BN) were significantly higher in LP and NL than NG and showed a significant (p < 0.01) positive relationship with soil total carbon (TC), NO3−-N (NN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. In addition, the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen (FixN) showed a significant positive relationship with soil total nitrogen (TN) (p < 0.05) and NH4+-N (AN) content (p < 0.01). We also observed a difference in the soil microbial community structure between plots with and without legumes. The TC and BN were the most influential factors driving bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Nevertheless, FixN explained less than 9% of the differences in soil bacterial and fungal communities. Our results suggest that grass biomass and FixN are the strong drivers of soil chemical properties, whereas ground cover and soil properties both contribute significantly to the soil microbial community structure.

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