scholarly journals Germination and Seedling Growth Responses of Zygophyllum fabago, Salsola kali L. and Atriplex canescens to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Yousefi ◽  
Sakineh Rashidi ◽  
Parviz Moradi ◽  
Andrea Mastinu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Atriplex Canescens ◽  
Salsola Kali ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Levels

In arid and semi-arid regions, planting drought-tolerant species is the most useful strategy in the reclamation of degraded soils. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of simulated drought by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) on seed germination and seedling growth of three desert plants such as Atriplex canescens, Salsola kali and Zygophyllum fabago. Seeds were subjected to water stress to drought stress by PEG at five stress levels (0, −1, −4, −8, −12, −14 bars). Germination of Z. fabago was completely inhibited at an osmotic potential of −8, −10 and −12 bars and the germination of A. canescens was inhibited only at −14 bar. In contrast, S. kali responded positively to high levels of stress and our results showed the highest final germination percent (71.75, 54 and 18.25%) under three-drought stress −8, −12 and −14 bars, respectively. In addition, increasing PEG concentration adversely affected the germination rate and seedling vigor index as well as the root and shoot length of species. Under high stress levels, S. kali achieved a higher germination rate and seedling vigor index compared to Z. fabago and A. canescens. Among species, S. kali was the only one able to develop roots and shoots at −14 bar. Therefore, S. kali could be considered as a promising plant for the rehabilitation of degraded soils at risk of desertification.

scholarly journals Hydro- and Osmo-priming Effects on Upland Rice Exposed to Drought Conditions at Vegetative and Reproductive Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Kartika ◽  
Benyamin Lakitan ◽  
Rofiqoh Purnama Ria
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Heading Stage

Drought stress during vegetative and/or generative stages could cause massive reduction in rice yield. This study evaluated effectiveness of hydro- and osmo-priming on improving seed germination, growth and development of upland rice under drought stress during late vegetative, booting, or heading stage. Treatments consisted of hydro-priming and osmo-priming consisted of three polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations i.e. 10%, 15%, and 20%. Results showed that application of osmo-priming at 10% PEG required longer time (21.93 hours) to reach 50% germination, lower germination and lower vigor index. However, after germination, seeds primed with 10% PEG exhibited better seedling growth than other seed priming treatments. Effects of seed priming on yield components were overshadowed by drought exposures. Drought imposed during vegetative stage did not significantly affect yield; however, regardless of seed priming treatments, yield reduction was inevitable in rice plants exposed to drought during booting or heading stages. Rice plant shortened time to reached physiological maturity as an adaptive mechanism if drought treatment was applied during heading stage. Keywords: Germination, Polyethylene glycol, Seedling growth, Seed priming, Yield component

scholarly journals Comparative allelopathic potential of metabolites of two Alternanthera species against germination and seedling growth of rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mehmood ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
M.A. Nadeem ◽  
Z.A. Zahir
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of plant parts of Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis and soil incorporated residues on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Aqueous extracts prepared from different plant parts of Alternanthera species delayed rice germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis inhibited rice germination by 9-100% and 4-49%, respectively. Germination of rice seeds was reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous leaf extracts of both weed species. Early seedling growth (root and shoot lengths) and seedling vigor index were significantly reduced by 5% aqueous leaf extract compared with distilled water treated control. Germination, root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights and seedling vigor index of rice were drastically reduced by 3 and 4% in residue infested soil compared with residue free soil. The inhibitory effect of A. philoxeroides in terms of germination and seedling growth of rice was greater than that of A. sessilis. Five percent aqueous leaf extract and 4% residue infested soil of A. philoxeroides caused complete failure of rice seed germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides contained water soluble phenolics, namely 4 hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid (16.19 mg L-1) and m-coumaric acid (1.48 mg L-1), whereas Alternanthera sessilis was rich in chlorogenic acid (17.85 mg L-1), gallic acid (11.03 mg L-1) and vanillic acid (9.88 mg L-1). The study indicates that the allelopathic potential of Alternanthera species may play an important role in enhancing the invasiveness of these species and may suppress rice plants in the vicinity.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on Germination Indices of Two Thymus Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khoshsokhan ◽  
M. Babalar ◽  
H. Chaghazardi ◽  
M. Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Medical Plants ◽  
West Azerbaijan ◽  
Germination Indices ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on Germination Indices of Two Thymus SpeciesThe environmental stress such as, salinity (soil or water) and drought are serious obstacles for medical plants and field crops in further areas of the world, especially arid and semiarid regions. In order to investigate salinity and drought stress onT. daenensisand T.kotschyanusgermination indices, an experiment was carried out. To create salinity stress, sodium chloride (NaCl) at the levels of 0 (as control), -3, -6 and -9 bar, and for drought stress, polyetylenglycol 6000 (PEG 6000) in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -3, -6 and -9 bar were used. Effect of drought and salt levels on investigated traits significant at 0.01. Result showed significance different between evaluated indices. Increasing of stress levels lead to reduction of germination and root and shoot length. Salt stress only in high levels reduced germination rate. Therefore,T. daenensisandT. kotschyanushave relative resistance to salinity in germination stage. Decrease in osmotic potential progressively inhibited seed germination of the two thyme species. In all salt treatments, maximum germination percentage inT. kotschyanusrelated to West Azerbaijan population and maximum germination rate related to Gazvin population. But in T. daenensis the highest values (both rate and percentage germination) were observed in Arak population. The germination rate of T.daenensisto the drought stress was more than theT. kotschyanusgermination rate like the germination percentage. Comparing the two stresses, it appears that drought has more effect than salt in germination indices.

scholarly journals The Salinity Effects on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Bean Plants (Bean Phaseolus)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Bean Plant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Early Seedling

The study was conducted at Dilla University, in the laboratory of Biological sciences to see the effects of salinity on germination and early seedling. Objectives:Background: It is estimated that the world 20% of farming land and 50% of cropland is salt stressed and salinity decreases the germination of seed, retards the growth of plant and so it reduces the yield of crop. Objectives: The major objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of salinity on the germination and early seedling growth of bean plants. Specifically, to investigate salt tolerant efficiency, salt effect on seed germination and its rate and growth of bean plant at different concentration of NaCl. Methodology: The experiment required 21 groups, of which 20 of them were experimental with different salt concentrations ranging from 0.05M to 1.00M with 0.05M difference and one control group. Each group contain three bean seed measuring its weight using electronic balance machine, sterilized with 70% Alcohol solution for 15 seconds, rinsed with distilled water, placed in separate Petri dish using a forceps, 50ml of solution were added to each Petri dish with different concentration, all Petri dishes were covered with lids and kept into incubator at room temperature for 17 days, germinated seed were counted, seedlings root and shoot length were measured using a ruler. Finally, the Bean was transferred to non-saline condition, weight of germinated Bean were measured to compare with their normal weight and to determine the effects of salt on seed weight, which was conducted in triplicates. All necessary data was taken, analyzed and interpreted in the form of percentage, graph, tables and figures. Result: When the concentration of salt increased the Bean plant is extremely affected, germination rate decreased and the terminal weights of seed were become lower than the initial weight due to the absorption of water by seed. Conclusions: The rate of germination decrease when the salt concentration increased and late growth of length of root and shoot when the salt dosage is highest and also the weights of seed reduced as concentration of salt is raised. Generally, as the concentration of salt is increased the Bean plant is extremely affected.

scholarly journals Viabilitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L) pada beberapa jenis media simpan dan tingkat kelembaban

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Dian Wirawan Tambunsaribu ◽  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
Dwi Retno Lukiwati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Humidity Level ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Germination Vigor

The research aimed to study the effect of type and humidity level of storage media and teir interaction on cacao seed viability and seedling growth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized factorial design 3 x 4 with three replications. The first factor is the type of storage media (P) which is control (P0), charcoal shell (P1), and sawdust (P2).  The second factor is the humidity content of storage media (K) which is control (K0), moisture content 15% (K1), moisture content 30% (K2), moisture content 45% (K3). Parameters observed were seeds moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC), seed germination, germination vigor, germination rate,  height of seedling, leaf number of seedling, dry weight of seedling and hypothetic vigor index of seedling. Data were analyzed by anova and followed Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The treatments of charcoal shell and sawdust gave not significant effect to cacao seed viability and seedling growth, but it’s interactions gives significan effect the observed parameters. Combined use of  charcoal shell storage media with humidity content 30% gives the highest result to cacao seed viability and seedling growth after storage.Keywords : seed viability, storage media, humidity level and cacao

scholarly journals Suppression of Maize (Zea mays) Seedling Growth by Invasive Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) Residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NADEEM ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
A. KHALIQ ◽  
G. MURTAZA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Vigor Index

ABSTRACT: To investigate the allelopathic influence of soil incorporated plant residues of alligatorweed on emergence and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays), an experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions in the 2014-15 period. The effect of soil amended with whole plant residues of alligatorweed at different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% on w/w basis) was compared with residue free soil (control). Emergence traits, such as emergence percentage, time to 50% emergence, mean emergence time and emergence index were negatively influenced by weed residue incorporation as compared with weed residue free soil. Alligatorweed residues also exerted a pronounced negative influence on root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights and seedling vigor index of the maize crop. The results revealed that the inhibitory effect was directly proportional to the increasing concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of the weed residues as compared to control treatment. It was observed that soil infested with 4% and 5% residues of alligatorweed caused a maximum reduction in emergence (76-87%), root and shoot lengths (58-73% and 42-61%), root and shoot dry weights (49-58% and 40-48%) and seedling vigor index (87-95%) of the maize crop. Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, trans-4-hydroxy 3-methoxy cinnamic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, querceitin and syringic acid were identified as water soluble phenolics in alligatorweed residue soil saturated solution. This study indicates that the allelopathic potential of alligatorweed may play an important role in suppressing maize seedling growth.

scholarly journals Poor seed quality, reduced germination, and decreased seedling vigor in soybean is linked to exposure of the maternal lines to drought stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathurika Wijewardana ◽  
K. Raja Reddy ◽  
L. Jason Krutz ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
F1 Generation

AbstractEffects of environmental stressors on the parent may be transmitted to the F1 generation of plants that support global food, oil, and energy production for humans and animals. This study was conducted to determine if the effects of drought stress on parental soybean plants are transmitted to the F1 generation. The germination and seedling vigor of F1 soybean whose maternal parents, Asgrow AG5332 and Progeny P5333RY, were exposed to soil moisture stress, that is, 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% replacement of evapotranspiration (ET) during reproductive growth, were evaluated under controlled conditions. Pooled over cultivars, effects of soil moisture stress on the parents caused a reduction in the seed germination rate, maximum seed germination, and overall seedling performance in the F1 generation. The effect of soil moisture stress on the parent induced an irreversible change in the seed quality in the F1 generation and the effects on seed quality in the F1 generation were exasperated when exposed to increasing levels of drought stress. Results indicate that seed weight and storage reserve are key factors influencing germination traits and seedling growth. Our data confirm that the effects of drought stress on soybean are transferable, causing reduced germination, seedling vigor, and seed quality in the F1 generation.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of Sage and White Wormwood on Purslane Germination and Seedling Growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza PIRZAD ◽  
Vahid GHASEMIAN ◽  
Reza DARVISHZADEH ◽  
Mohammad SEDGHI ◽  
Abbas HASSANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
White Wormwood

A bioassay run was carried out in the incubator to evaluate possible allelopathic effects of water extracts of sage and white wormwood on germination and seedling growth of purslane. Results showed that the type of extract and its concentration (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) significantly influenced final germination percentage, germination rate and index, root and shoot length, root/shoot ratio, fresh and dry weight of seedling of purslane. The interaction between these two experimental factors was always significant, producing different results according to the different combination levels. The statistical comparison of means indicated that the maximum germination percentage and germination rate (respectively 68% and 11.4% d-1) were obtained from the untreated control (0% extract), while the lowest values for the same two characters occurred with 15% of sage (respectively 45% and 6.4% d-1) and 20% of white wormwood (38% and 7.5% d-1). Concerning germination indexes, the highest (55) and the lowest (32) values were observed respectively on the control and with 15% of sage extract or 20% of white wormwood extract. The longest (4.5 cm) and the shortest (1.3 cm) root of purslane were obtained with 5% of white wormwood and 20% of sage extracts, respectively. Changes in shoot length with sage and white wormwood extracts were similar to those in root length, even though shoot length was less affected by the concentration of extracts. Root and shoot length changes brought to maximum (22.0) and minimum (8.9) values for the root/shoot length ratio, respectively with 5% of white wormwood and 20% of sage extracts. The maximum fresh (2.111 g) and dry (0.338 g) seedling weight of purslane were obtained from untreated control, producing the same seedling weight with 5% of sage, 5 and 10% of white wormwood extract. While the minimum fresh (0.692 g) and dry (0.111 g) seedling weight were obtained from 15% of white wormwood extract, so that there is no significant differences between this value and the seedling weight produced under 10, 15 and 20% of sage and 20% of white wormwood extract.

scholarly journals Drought Stresses on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Maize and Sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S. Queiroz ◽  
Carlos E. S. Oliveira ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Alan M. Zuffo ◽  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Seeds of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] were submitted to different osmotic potential levels induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the objective of evaluating the effects of drought stress on seed germination and early seedling growth. Seeds were arranged in paper rolls and soaked in PEG solutions prepared with osmotic potentials 0.0 (control), -0.2, -0.4, and -0.8 MPa and kept into a seed germinator, at 25 °C for 18 days. A completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications of 50 seeds each was used. The results showed that by increasing of the osmotic potential level, germinated seed number, germination rate index, root and shoot length, shoot and root dry matter, and seedling vigor index (SVI) decreased, while mean germination time (MGT) and root: shoot ratio (RSR) increased in both crops. Additionally, the maize was more susceptible than sorghum to drought stress, with germination response declining more rapidly with decreasing osmotic potential. Sorghum crop tolerates water stress of up to -0.2 MPa, without reducing germination of the seeds; however, the growth of shoots and roots are inhibited. Drought stress limits the process of seed germination and early growth of maize seedlings.

scholarly journals Seed Quality of Paddy Variety (Oryza sativa L.) Resistant to Vegetative Phase Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Winggi Anggun Jati ◽  
Zaidan Panji Negara ◽  
Firdaus Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Quality Value ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Simultaneous Growth

Drought is an abiotic stress that can affect paddy yields by inhibiting growth, thereby reducing the quality of the seeds produced. This study aimed to find out the best seed quality of several paddy varieties produced from the plants experiencing drought stress in the vegetative phase. The varieties used in the study were Inpago 12, Unsoed 1, Inpago 4, Inpago 5, Inpago 9, Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Inpara 8, Inpara 9, Rindang 1, Rindang 2, Situ Patenggang, Towuti, and Batu Tegi. The drought stress was applied to the vegetative phase of the plant by reducing the intensity of water supply (63.5% moisture content), then the resulting seeds were tested in the laboratory. The results of the study showed that the highest seed quality value in the drought stress treatment of the vegetative phase were the Inpara 8 variety, followed by the Towuti variety with 93.33% and 88% germination values, 82.67% and 70% simultaneous growth, 12.11% and 8.44% germination rate, 64% and 64% germination strength, and 18.99 and 16.83 vigor indexes. Meanwhile, the lowest seed quality was the Inpago 8 variety with 26% germination value, 21.33% simultaneous growth, 1.33% germination speed, 3.33% germination strength, and 2.71 vigor index. Among all the varieties tested, the Inpara 8 and Towuti are those with the best seed quality values ​​after experiencing drought stress during the vegetative phase.

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