scholarly journals Preface: Special Issue on Air Quality Assessment for Environmental Policy Support: Sources, Emissions, Exposures, and Health Impacts

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Andrea Spinazzè ◽  
Domenico Maria Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Air Quality Assessment

The increased occurrence of serious health effects, mortality, and morbidity, as well as shortened life expectancy have been related to exposure to ambient air pollution [...]

scholarly journals Health and Economic Impacts Assessment of O3 Exposure in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11646
Author(s):  
José Texcalac-Sangrador ◽  
Magali Hurtado-Díaz ◽  
Eunice Félix-Arellano ◽  
Carlos Guerrero-López ◽  
Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Avoidable Deaths

Health effects related to exposure to air pollution such as ozone (O3) have been documented. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of the Sum of O3 Means Over 35 ppb (SOMO35) to perform Health Impact Assessments (HIA) for long-term exposure to O3. We estimated the avoidable mortality associated with long-term exposure to tropospheric O3 in 14 cities in Mexico using information for 2015. The economic valuation of avoidable deaths related to SOMO35 exposure was performed using the willingness to pay (WTP) and human capital (HC) approaches. We estimated that 627 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 227–1051) from respiratory diseases associated with the exposure to O3 would have been avoided in people over 30 years in the study area, which confirms the public health impacts of ambient air pollution. The avoidable deaths account for almost 1400 million USD under the WTP approach, whilst the HC method yielded a lost productivity estimate of 29.7 million USD due to premature deaths. Our findings represent the first evidence of the health impacts of O3 exposure in Mexico, using SOMO35 metrics.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of air pollution on blood pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Jung Choi ◽  
Sun-Hwa Kim ◽  
Si-Hyuck Kang ◽  
Sun-Young Kim ◽  
Ok-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractElevated blood pressure (BP) has been proposed as a possible pathophysiological mechanism linking exposure to ambient air pollution and the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In this study, we investigated the hourly relationship between ambient air pollutants and BP. BP measurements were extracted from the electronic health record database of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from February 2015 to June 2017. A total of 98,577 individual BP measurements were matched to the hourly levels of air pollutants. A generalized additive model was constructed for hour lags of 0–8 of air pollutants adjusting for age, sex, meteorological variables, and time trend. Systolic BP was shown to be significantly lower at 2–4 hours and 3–5 hours after increased levels of SO2 and CO, respectively (0.24 mmHg and 0.26 mmHg for an interquartile range, respectively). In contrast, O3 and NO2 were associated with significantly increased systolic BP at 3–5 lag hours and at 0–2 lag hours, respectively. BP elevation in association with O3 and NO2 was shown to be significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive subjects. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to air pollution may be associated with elevated BP.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollution and endocrinologic disorders in childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-170
Author(s):  
You Joung Heo ◽  
Hae Soon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Epigenetic Modulation ◽  
Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Ambient air pollution has been proposed as an important environmental risk factor that increases global mortality and morbidity. Over the past decade, several human and animal studies have reported an association between exposure to air pollution and altered metabolic and endocrine systems in children. However, the results for these studies were mixed and inconclusive and did not demonstrate causality because different outcomes were observed due to different study designs, exposure periods, and methodologies for exposure measurements. Current proposed mechanisms include altered immune response, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, inadequate placental development, and epigenetic modulation. In this review, we summarized the results of previous pediatric studies that reported effects of prenatal and postnatal air pollution exposure on childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, and timing of pubertal onset, along with underlying related mechanisms.

scholarly journals Mortality and morbidity due to ambient air pollution in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi ◽  
Pierre Sicard ◽  
Afshin Takdastan ◽  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
Adewale Matthew Taiwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

The health impacts of ambient air pollution in Australia: A systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Walter ◽  
Elena K. Schneider‐Futschik ◽  
Nina L. Hall ◽  
Peter D Sly ◽  
Brian W. Head ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impacts

scholarly journals Covid-19 Lockdown in Spring 2020 in France Provided Unexpected Opportunity to Assess Health Impacts of Falls in Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Adélaïde ◽  
Sylvia Medina ◽  
Vérène Wagner ◽  
Perrine de Crouy-Chanel ◽  
Elsa Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pollution Levels

Lockdown measures to limit the spread of Covid-19 in France in spring 2020 sharply reduced activities and lowered air-pollution concentrations. This study sought to determine the short- and long-term impacts on mortality in metropolitan France resulting from the temporary decrease in the population's exposure to air pollution. The reduction in exposure to air pollution was estimated by calculating the difference between modeled exposure of the population during the strict lockdown and the gradual lifting, and the simulated exposure that would have been observed in the absence of lockdown. A quantitative health impact assessment was used to estimate both the short-term impact of PM10 and NO2 reductions, and the long-term impact of PM2.5 and NO2 reductions on mortality. Reduced activities during the lockdown lowered NO2 and PM concentrations, resulting in about 2,300 deaths postponed for PM2.5 and nearly 1,200 for NO2, mainly due to avoided long-term effects. This study shows that, even in an unprecedented context that is certainly neither realistic nor desirable to improve air quality in the long run, public interventions appear to have a significant impact on health through reductions in air-pollution levels. In a long-term perspective, the study also reminds us that the total burden of air pollution on health remains a significant risk factor in France. Efforts to reduce ambient air pollution must thus be pursued sustainably for all sources of air pollution with suitably adapted but ambitious policies. Finally, the lockdown restrictions had other consequences, both positive and negative, on the population's health. These consequences highlight the need to conduct more integrated assessments of health impacts that include the multisectoral consequences of interventions, particularly in terms of population compliance with mitigating restrictions, behavior and mental health and, more broadly, climate change.

scholarly journals Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1910-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Lelieveld ◽  
Andrea Pozzer ◽  
Ulrich Pöschl ◽  
Mohammed Fnais ◽  
Andy Haines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract Aims Long-term exposure of humans to air pollution enhances the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. A novel Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) has been derived from many cohort studies, providing much-improved coverage of the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We applied the GEMM to assess excess mortality attributable to ambient air pollution on a global scale and compare to other risk factors. Methods and results We used a data-informed atmospheric model to calculate worldwide exposure to PM2.5 and ozone pollution, which was combined with the GEMM to estimate disease-specific excess mortality and loss of life expectancy (LLE) in 2015. Using this model, we investigated the effects of different pollution sources, distinguishing between natural (wildfires, aeolian dust) and anthropogenic emissions, including fossil fuel use. Global excess mortality from all ambient air pollution is estimated at 8.8 (7.11–10.41) million/year, with an LLE of 2.9 (2.3–3.5) years, being a factor of two higher than earlier estimates, and exceeding that of tobacco smoking. The global mean mortality rate of about 120 per 100 000 people/year is much exceeded in East Asia (196 per 100 000/year) and Europe (133 per 100 000/year). Without fossil fuel emissions, the global mean life expectancy would increase by 1.1 (0.9–1.2) years and 1.7 (1.4–2.0) years by removing all potentially controllable anthropogenic emissions. Because aeolian dust and wildfire emission control is impracticable, significant LLE is unavoidable. Conclusion Ambient air pollution is one of the main global health risks, causing significant excess mortality and LLE, especially through cardiovascular diseases. It causes an LLE that rivals that of tobacco smoking. The global mean LLE from air pollution strongly exceeds that by violence (all forms together), i.e. by an order of magnitude (LLE being 2.9 and 0.3 years, respectively).

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