scholarly journals Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1910-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Lelieveld ◽  
Andrea Pozzer ◽  
Ulrich Pöschl ◽  
Mohammed Fnais ◽  
Andy Haines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract Aims Long-term exposure of humans to air pollution enhances the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. A novel Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) has been derived from many cohort studies, providing much-improved coverage of the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We applied the GEMM to assess excess mortality attributable to ambient air pollution on a global scale and compare to other risk factors. Methods and results We used a data-informed atmospheric model to calculate worldwide exposure to PM2.5 and ozone pollution, which was combined with the GEMM to estimate disease-specific excess mortality and loss of life expectancy (LLE) in 2015. Using this model, we investigated the effects of different pollution sources, distinguishing between natural (wildfires, aeolian dust) and anthropogenic emissions, including fossil fuel use. Global excess mortality from all ambient air pollution is estimated at 8.8 (7.11–10.41) million/year, with an LLE of 2.9 (2.3–3.5) years, being a factor of two higher than earlier estimates, and exceeding that of tobacco smoking. The global mean mortality rate of about 120 per 100 000 people/year is much exceeded in East Asia (196 per 100 000/year) and Europe (133 per 100 000/year). Without fossil fuel emissions, the global mean life expectancy would increase by 1.1 (0.9–1.2) years and 1.7 (1.4–2.0) years by removing all potentially controllable anthropogenic emissions. Because aeolian dust and wildfire emission control is impracticable, significant LLE is unavoidable. Conclusion Ambient air pollution is one of the main global health risks, causing significant excess mortality and LLE, especially through cardiovascular diseases. It causes an LLE that rivals that of tobacco smoking. The global mean LLE from air pollution strongly exceeds that by violence (all forms together), i.e. by an order of magnitude (LLE being 2.9 and 0.3 years, respectively).

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Association of Ambient air Pollution with risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Jia ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Huiqing Hou ◽  
Guangli Guo ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Level ◽  
Inspection Station

Abstract Background Ambient air pollution is becoming a serious environmental problem in China. The results were inconsistent on that air pollution was a risk factor of preeclampsia in pregnancy. Methods Total 116,042 pregnant women were enrolled from 22 hospitals in 10 cities of Hebei Province, China from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. The parturients were divided into preeclampsia group (PE group) and non-preeclampsia group (non-PE group). The data of air pollutants, namely, particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3 were collected from China Environmental Inspection Station. Results Among the 116,042 pregnant women, 2988 (2.57%) pregnant women were diagnosed with preeclampsia. The concentrations of exposed PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in the PE group were significantly higher than those in the non-PE group, and they were risk factors of the PE group in the first and second trimester of pregnancy respectively. The concentrations of exposed SO2 and CO in PE patients and non-PE women were not different, but high concentration of these air pollutants were risk factors to PE in the second trimester. Conclusion The exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3 were risk factors for preeclampsia in the first and second trimester of pregnancy, while only at high level, SO2 and CO were risk factors for preeclampsia in the second trimester of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Changing risk factors that contribute to premature mortality from ambient air pollution between 2000 and 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 074010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourangsu Chowdhury ◽  
Andrea Pozzer ◽  
Sagnik Dey ◽  
Klaus Klingmueller ◽  
Jos Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Huynh ◽  
Thomas H Marwick ◽  
Prasanna Venkataraman ◽  
Luke D Knibbs ◽  
Fay H Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Very High

Abstract Aims We investigated the effects of exposure to very low levels of particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on coronary calcium score (CCS) in asymptomatic adults who are free of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results This study included 606 asymptomatic adults (49% men, aged 56±7 years) recruited from communities in three states of Australia during 2017–2018. CCS was measured using coronary computed tomography scan at recruitment. Annual PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated on the year before recruitment using statistical exposure models and assigned to each participant’s residential address. Medical history, physical measurements, biochemistry, and sociodemographic and socioeconomic status were also recorded. Median concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were 6.9 µg/m3 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.0–7.7)] and 3.1 ppb [IQR 2.2–4.5], respectively. Of the 606 participants, 16% had high CCS (≥100) and 4% had very high CCS (≥400). Exposure to higher PM2.5 (per µg/m3) was significantly associated with greater odds of having high CCS (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.43) and very high CCS (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05–2.29). Similar associations were observed for NO2 and high CCS (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) and very high CCS (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.51). These findings were robust to adjustment for sociodemographic factors, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, education, and socio-economic status. Conclusions Ambient air pollution even at low concentration was associated with degree of coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic low cardiovascular risk adults, independent of other risk factors. These findings suggest that air pollution is one of the residual risk factors of CAD.

scholarly journals Preface: Special Issue on Air Quality Assessment for Environmental Policy Support: Sources, Emissions, Exposures, and Health Impacts

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Andrea Spinazzè ◽  
Domenico Maria Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Air Quality Assessment

The increased occurrence of serious health effects, mortality, and morbidity, as well as shortened life expectancy have been related to exposure to ambient air pollution [...]

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Events: Are There Potentially Susceptible Groups?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Yung Pan ◽  
Shun-Man Cheung ◽  
Fu-Cheng Chen ◽  
Kuan-Han Wu ◽  
Shih-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ed Visits

Background: Air pollution exposure is associated with greater risk for cardiovascular events. This study aims to examine the effects of increased exposure to short-term air pollutants on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and determine the susceptible groups. Methods: Data on particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 and other air pollutants, measured at each of the 11 air-quality monitoring stations in Kaohsiung City, were collected between 2011 and 2016. The medical records of non-trauma adult (>17 years) patients who had visited the emergency department (ED) with a typical electrocardiogram change of STEMI were extracted. A time-stratified and case-crossover study design was used to examine the relationship between air pollutants and daily ED visits for STEMI. Results: An interquartile range increment in PM2.5 on lag 0 was associated with an increment of 25.5% (95% confidence interval, 2.6%–53.4%) in the risk of STEMI ED visits. Men and persons with ≥3 risk factors (male sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, current smoker, dyslipidemia, history of myocardial infarction, and high body mass index) for myocardial infarction (MI) were more sensitive to the hazardous effects of PM2.5 (interaction: p = 0.039 and p = 0.018, respectively). The associations between PM10, NO2, and O3 and STEMI did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusion: PM2.5 may play an important role in STEMI events on the day of exposure in Kaohsiung. Men and persons with ≥3 risk factors of MI are more susceptible to the adverse effects of PM2.5 on STEMI.

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