scholarly journals Influence of the Precoat Layer on the Filtration Properties and Regeneration Quality of Backwashing Filters

Eng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-196
Author(s):  
Volker Bächle ◽  
Patrick Morsch ◽  
Marco Gleiß ◽  
Hermann Nirschl
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Filter Aids ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

For solid–liquid separation, filter meshes are still used across large areas today, as they offer a cost-effective alternative, for example, compared to membranes. However, particle interaction leads to a continuous blocking of the pores, which lowers the flow rate of the mesh and reduces its lifetime. This can be remedied by filter aids. In precoat filtration, these provide an already fully formed filter cake on the fabric, which acts as a surface and depth filter. This prevents interaction of the particles to be separated with the mesh and thus increases the service life of the mesh. In this work, the influence of a precoat layer with different fibre lengths of cellulose on the filtration behavior is investigated. A satin with a pore size of 11 µm is used as the filter medium. The effects of the precoat layer on the filter media resistance, the filter cake resistance, the turbidity impact, and the regenerability of the fabrics are investigated. This study shows an overview of the suitability of various cellulose fibres based on different aspects as filter aids for particles in ultrafine filtration.

scholarly journals Enhancing Bioenergy Yields from Sequential Bioethanol and Biomethane Production by Means of Solid–Liquid Separation of the Substrates

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisandra Rocha-Meneses ◽  
Jorge A Ferreira ◽  
Nemailla Bonturi ◽  
Kaja Orupõld ◽  
Timo Kikas
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

The production of second-generation ethanol using lignocellulosic feedstock is crucial in order to be able to meet the increasing fuel demands by the transportation sector. However, the technology still needs to overcome several bottlenecks before feasible commercialization can be realized. These include, for example, the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly pretreatment strategies and valorization of the sidestream that is obtained following ethanol distillation. This work uses two chemical-free pretreatment methods—nitrogen explosive decompression (NED) and synthetic flue gas explosive decompression—to investigate the potential of a bioethanol production sidestream in terms of further anaerobic digestion. For this purpose, samples from different stages of the bioethanol production process (pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation) and the bioethanol sidestream went through a separation process (involving solid–liquid separation), following which a biomethane potential (BMP) assay was carried out. The results show that both factors being studied in this article (involving the pretreatment method and the separation process) served to influence methane yields. Liquid fractions that were obtained during the process with NED gave rise to methane yields that were 8% to 12% higher than when synthetic flue gas was used; fermented and distillation sidestream gave rise to the highest methane yields (0.53 and 0.58 mol CH4/100 g respectively). The methane yields from the liquid fractions were between 60–88% lower than those that were obtained from solid fractions. Samples from the bioethanol sidestream (solid fraction) that were pretreated with NED had the highest methane yield (1.7 mol CH4/100 g). A solid–liquid separation step can be a promising strategy when it comes to improving the energy output from lignocellulosic biomass and the management of the ethanol distillation sidestream.

Development of Calibration Equipment for Geodetic Angle Measurement Instruments

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 396-400
Author(s):  
Lauryna Šiaudinytė ◽  
Deividas Sabaitis ◽  
Domantas Bručas ◽  
Gintaras Dmitrijev
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Cost

Production of high precision circular scales is a complicated process requiring expensive equipment and complex processes to achieve. Precision angle measurement equipment tends to be very expensive and therefore not accessible to all in need. Simplification of production of such devices can lead to reducing costs of angle measurement systems ensuring easier accessibility. A new method of producing precision circular scales using low cost mass production can reduce the costs of these devices drastically. Therefore, utilising a common CD technology as the basis for such scales is analysed. This paper deals with the analysis of the newest laser cutting method for plastic circular scales. Preliminary results of manufacturing such scales are presented in the paper as well as measurements of the grating of the scale were performed. The quality of different scales manufactured using different laser types is analysed in the study. The cost – effective alternative of manufacturing circular scales is discussed in the paper.

Qualitative Assessment of Four Types of Three-Dimensional Printed Anatomical Tibial Bone Models Compared to Commercially Available Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Sarah Malek ◽  
Cassandra D. Foster ◽  
Davin H. Huston
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Tibial Bone ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Polylactide Acid ◽  
Physical Features

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare technical and physical features of four three-dimensional printed bone models used for teaching purposes to commercial models. Study Design A canine tibia was imaged using computed tomography and used for model development. Tibial models were printed using Resin, polylactide acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). They were compared with two commercial models (SAWBONES 2117 and 2108). Models were drilled in three locations and then cut transversely. Subjective quality of models, time and cost of production were compared. Results Print time was approximately 3 hours for Resin and 4 hours for each of the PLA, ABS and HIPS models. Unlike the Resin and SAWBONES, the PLA, HIPS and ABS had higher heat generation during both drilling and cutting with mild construct deformation at cut surfaces in ABS and PLA models. Characteristics of real bone during drilling and cutting were best simulated in decreasing order by Resin, PLA, ABS and HIPS followed by SAWBONES 2117 and 2108 models. Material costs were $14.6 (Resin), $0.48 (PLA/ABS), $1.52 (HIPS), $23.50 and $17.50 for SAWBONES 2117 and 2108 per model, respectively. Resin performed best and had the closest subjective tactile properties to real bone. Conclusion The three-dimensional printed tibial bone models provide a cost-effective alternative to commercially available bone models in veterinary medicine as teaching models.

Recycling and Characterisation of Amorphous Silica from Zr-Containing Silica Residue

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2109-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jing Zhang ◽  
Hao Ding ◽  
Bai Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Process Flow ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Preparation of amorphous silica using Zr-containing silica residue and the properties of the product have been studied. The results show that the separation of amorphous silica from Zr component can be realized using a process flow that pulping, grinding, washing and solid-liquid separation. The main constituent of the product is amorphous state, the content of SiO2 in the product comes up to 94.3%, the content of ZrO2 comes up to 7.48%, the grain size is 2-3 μm, the surface area is 494.3 m2/g. The quality of the recovery can meet the requirement of white carbon black standards ISO 5794-1 and HG/T 3061.

Simulation of filter cake porosity in solid/liquid separation

2009 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.h. Neesse ◽  
J. Dueck ◽  
E. Djatchenko
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Cake Porosity ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

scholarly journals Methodology for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils Using Non-isotopic Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-108
Author(s):  
M. Zaman ◽  
K. Kleineidam ◽  
L. Bakken ◽  
J. Berendt ◽  
C. Bracken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Closed Chambers

AbstractSeveral approaches exist for measuring greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly CO2, N2O, and CH4, from soil surfaces. The principle methods that are used to measure GHG from agricultural sites are chamber-based techniques. Both open and closed chamber techniques are in use; however, the majority of field applications use closed chambers. The advantages and disadvantages of different chamber techniques and the principal steps of operation are described. An important part of determining the quality of the flux measurements is the storage and the transportation of the gas samples from the field to the laboratory where the analyses are carried out. Traditionally, analyses of GHGs are carried out via gas chromatographs (GCs). In recent years, optical analysers are becoming increasingly available; these are user-friendly machines and they provide a cost-effective alternative to GCs. Another technique which is still under development, but provides a potentially superior method, is Raman spectroscopy. Not only the GHGs, but also N2, can potentially be analysed if the precision of these techniques is increased in future development. An important part of this chapter deals with the analyses of the gas concentrations, the calculation of fluxes, and the required safety measures. Since non-upland agricultural lands (i.e. flooded paddy soils) are steadily increasing, a section is devoted to the specificities of GHG measurements in these ecosystems. Specialised techniques are also required for GHG measurements in aquatic systems (i.e. rivers), which are often affected by the transfer of nutrients from agricultural fields and therefore are an important indirect source of emission of GHGs. A simple, robust, and more precise methodof ammonia (NH3) emission measurement is also described.

Optimal Housing and Manure Management Strategies to Favor Productive and Environment-Friendly Dairy Farms in Québec, Canada: Part II. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-984
Author(s):  
Sébastien Fournel ◽  
Édith Charbonneau ◽  
Simon Binggeli ◽  
Jean-Michel Dion ◽  
Doris Pellerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Abstract. Several strategies are available for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with dairy manure management in barns, storage units, and fields. For instance, incorporation of manure into the soil, solid-liquid separation, composting, enclosed manure storage, and anaerobic digestion have been identified as good options. However, these strategies are not widely adopted in Canada because clear information on their effectiveness to abate the whole-farm GHG footprint is lacking. Better information on the most cost-effective options for reducing on-farm GHG emissions would assist decision making for dairy producers and foster adoption of the most promising approaches on Canadian dairies. In this context, whole-farm modeling provides a tool for evaluating different GHG abatement strategies. An Excel-based linear optimization model (N-CyCLES) was used to assess the economics and the nutrient and GHG footprints of two representative dairy farms in Québec, Canada. The farms were located in regions with contrasting climates (southwestern and eastern Québec). The model was developed to optimize feeding, cropping, and manure handling as a single unit of management, considering the aforementioned mitigation options. Greenhouse gas emissions from the different simulated milk production systems reached 1.27 to 1.85 kg CO2e kg-1 of corrected milk, allowing GHG reductions of up to 25% compared to the base system described in Part I. Solid-liquid separation had the greatest GHG mitigation potential, followed by the digester-like strategy involving a tight cover for gas burning. However, both options implied a decrease in farm net income. Manure incorporation into the soil and composting were associated with high investment relative to their GHG abatement potential. The most cost-effective option was using a loose cover on the manure storage unit. This approach lessened the manure volume and ammonia-N volatilization, thereby reducing fertilizer and manure spreading costs, increasing crop sales and profit, and enhancing the whole-farm N and GHG footprints. Consequently, covering the manure tanks appears to be an economically viable practice for Québec dairy farms. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Composting, Dairy cow, Farm net income, Greenhouse gas emission, Incorporation, Nutrient footprint, Solid-liquid separation, Storage cover, Whole-farm model.

scholarly journals A Coupled CFD-DEM Model for Resolved Simulation of Filter Cake Formation during Solid-Liquid Separation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Vanessa Puderbach ◽  
Kilian Schmidt ◽  
Sergiy Antonyuk
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Cake Filtration ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Cake Formation ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
Dem Model

In cake filtration processes, where particles in a suspension are separated by forming a filter cake on the filter medium, the resistances of filter cake and filter medium cause a specific pressure drop which consequently defines the process energy effort. The micromechanics of the filter cake formation (interactions between particles, fluid, other particles and filter medium) must be considered to describe pore clogging, filter cake growth and consolidation correctly. A precise 3D modeling approach to describe these effects is the resolved coupling of the Computational Fluid Dynamics with the Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM). This work focuses on the development and validation of a CFD-DEM model, which is capable to predict the filter cake formation during solid-liquid separation accurately. The model uses the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) to directly solve the flow equations in the CFD part of the coupling and the DEM for the calculation of particle interactions. The developed model enables the 4-way coupling to consider particle-fluid and particle-particle interactions. The results of this work are presented in two steps. First, the developed model is validated with an empirical model of the single particle settling velocity in the transition regime of the fluid-particle flow. The model is also enhanced with additional particles to determine the particle-particle influence. Second, the separation of silica glass particles from water in a pressurized housing at constant pressure is experimentally investigated. The measured filter cake, filter medium and interference resistances are in a good agreement with the results of the 3D simulations, demonstrating the applicability of the resolved CFD-DEM coupling for analyzing and optimizing cake filtration processes.

A Preliminary Investigation on the Preparation of Bagasse Fly Ash as Clarifying Aid for Clarification of Cane Juice

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1637-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Ji Zhou ◽  
Xiao Yu Qin ◽  
Hui Xia Liu ◽  
Wei Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Bagasse Fly Ash ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

The bagasse fly ash (BFA), an industrial solid waste of sugar industry, was used to facilitate the clarification of cane juice. After being grounded, washed, rinsed and dried, the BFA was added into the juice before the clarification process including heating the juice to 60°C, coagulation with magnesium sulfate at pH=11.0, flocculation with PAM, and then settling and filtration. The effect of BFA on purification indexes including turbidity, purity and color value of the clarified juice, and the addition of BFA on the settling and filtration rates were investigated. The results shown that while having little effect on the pufification indexes, the addition of BFA could intensify the solid-liquid separation of the clarification. The gravity settling was significantly improved with the addition of BFA, with an addition at 1.5%, the mud thickening rate at free settling phase was increased from 20.7 mL/min without addition of BFA to 270mL/min and the final mud volume reduced from 48.0% of the total volume to 32.3%, the settling time being about 5 minutes. With the addition of BFA, the filtration rate increased significantly, the filter cake specific resistance was reduced from 562.8 kg·s·m-4 without addition of BFA to 31.2kg·s·m-4 with the BFA addition of 1.5%, making the filtration feasible. The optimum addition of BFA and the pressure drop for the filtration were 1.5% and 0.1MPa respectively.

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