scholarly journals The Effects of Endometriosis on Ovarian Functions

Endocrines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Michio Kitajima ◽  
Kanako Matsumoto ◽  
Itsuki Kajimura ◽  
Ayumi Harada ◽  
Noriko Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Bilateral Involvement ◽  
Diminish Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Endometrioma ◽  
Firm Evidence

Infertility is a main manifestation of endometriosis, though the exact pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility remains unclear. Compromised ovarian functions may be one of the causes of endometriosis related infertility. The ovarian function can be classified into three basic elements, (1) production of ovarian hormones, (2) maintenance of follicular development until ovulation, and (3) reservoir of dormant oocytes (ovarian reserve). The effects of endometriosis on ovarian hormone production and follicular development are inconclusive. Ovarian endometrioma is common phonotype of endometriosis. Development of endometrioma per se may affect ovarian reserve. Surgery for endometriomas further diminish ovarian reserve, especially women with bilateral involvement. Early intervention with surgery and/or medical treatment may be beneficial, though firm evidence is lacking. When surgery is chosen in women at reproductive age, specific techniques that spare ovarian function should be considered.

Factors affecting folliculogenesis in ruminants

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Webb ◽  
R. G. Gosden ◽  
E. E. Telfer ◽  
R. M. Moor
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Factors Affecting

AbstractThis review addresses the reasons for the lack of progress in the control of superovulation and highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying follicular development. The present inability to provide large numbers of viable embryos from selected females still restricts genetic improvement, whilst variability in ovarian response to hormones limit the present capacity for increasing reproductive efficiency.Females are born with a large store of eggs which rapidly declines as puberty approaches. If these oocytes are normal then there is scope for increasing the reproductive potential of selected females. Oocytes must reach a certain size before they can complete all stages of development and the final changes that occur late in follicular development. It is likely that oocytes that do not produce specific factors at precise stages of development will not be viable. Hence, it is important to characterize oocyte secreted factors since there are potential indicators of oocyte quality.The mechanisms that determine ovulation rate have still not been fully elucidated. Indeed follicular atresia, the process whereby follicles regress, is still not known. A better understanding of these processes should prove pivotal for the synchronization of follicular growth, for more precise oestrous synchronization and improved superovulatory response.Nutrition can influence a whole range of reproductive parameters however, the pathways through which nutrition acts have not been fully elucidated. Metabolic hormones, particularly insulin and IGFs, appear to interact with gonadotrophins at the level of the gonads. Certainly gonadotropins provide the primary drive for the growth of follicles in the later stages of development and both insulin and IGF-1, possibly IGF-2, synergize with gonadotrophins to stimulate cell proliferation and hormone production. More research is required to determine the effects of other growth factors and their interaction with gonadotropins.There is evidence, particularly from studies with rodents, that steroids can also modulate follicular growth and development, although information is very limited for ruminants. There may be a rôle for oestrogens in synchronizing follicular waves, to aid in oestrous synchronization regimes and for removing the dominant follicle to achieve improved superovulatory responses. However more information is required to determine whether these are feasible approaches.Heritability for litter size is higher in sheep than in cattle. Exogenous gonadotropins are a commercially ineffective means of inducing twinning in sheep and cattle. Although there are differences in circulating gonadotropin concentrations, the mechanism(s) responsible for the high ovulation appear to reside essentially within the ovaries. The locus of the Booroola gene, a major gene for ovulation rate, has been established but not specifically identified. However sheep possessing major genes do provide extremely valuable models for investigating the mechanisms controlling ovulation rate, including a direct contrast to mono-ovulatory species such as cattle.In conclusion, the relationship between oocyte quality, in both healthy follicles and those follicles destined for atresia, must be resolved before the future potential for increasing embryo yield can be predicted. In addition, a greater understanding of the factors affecting folliculogenesis in ruminants should ensure that the full benefits ensuing from the precise control of ovarian function are achieved. The improved use of artificial insemination and embryo transfer that would ensue from a greater understanding of the processes of folliculo genesis, coupled with the new technologies of genome and linkage mapping, should ensure a more rapid rate of genetic gain.

Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in reproductive-age women with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Thöne ◽  
Susanne Kollar ◽  
Darryl Nousome ◽  
Gisa Ellrichmann ◽  
Ingo Kleiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Control Study

Background: Fertility might be reduced in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), although only few studies exist and the underlying reasons are not well understood. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, a decreased ovarian reserve may contribute to impaired fertility in women with MS. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an established marker of the ovarian reserve and an objective indicator of ovarian function, which is independent of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine AMH levels in females with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) in combination with other reproduction and lifestyle factors. Methods: A total of 76 reproductive-age females with RRMS and 58 healthy controls were included in this case control study. An enzymatically amplified two-site immunoassay was used to measure serum AMH level. Results: Mean AMH level was significantly decreased in females with RRMS ( p<0.04), and a higher proportion of females with RRMS showed very low AMH values (<0.4 ng/ml) compared to healthy controls ( p<0.05). The majority of these women were currently without any disease modifying treatment. Conclusions: Our data contribute to our understanding of impaired fertility in women with MS. The unexpected finding that the majority of MS subjects with very low AMH levels were currently without medication requires further evaluation.

The effect of endometrioma on ovarian reserve

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Agnieszka Szczepańska ◽  
Paweł P. Jagodziński ◽  
Ewa Wender‑Ożegowska
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ovarian Endometrioma ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Ovarian Endometriomas

An ovarian endometrioma is a very common form of endometriosis in women of reproductive age. This review presents the current state of research on ovarian reserve in women with ovarian endometriomas. Endometrioma can negatively affect ovarian markers: the anti‑Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) results. Decisions on the surgical treatment of endometrial cysts should be carefully thought through, especially in women who have not given birth.

Ovarian follicular development and regression

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 953-953
Author(s):  
Peter C. K. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Functional Regression ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
American Physiological Society ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Development ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Reproductive Research

Many exciting developments in mammalian reproductive research with far-reaching consequences have occurred in recent years. To highlight the significance of some of these developments, a symposium on the theme of ovarian follicular development and regression was organized, and held at the joint meeting of the American Physiological Society and the Canadian Physiological Society, in Montréal in October 1988. Several leading researchers, from both Canada and the U.S.A., in various aspects of ovarian research, participated in the symposium. The topics of discussion ranged from the role of growth factors and novel intraovarian regulators during follicular development, to molecular aspects of ovarian hormone production, to the functional regression of the corpus luteum. It is expected that the following proceedings will serve as a reference for researchers concerned with reproductive endocrinology as well as providing a foundation for future collaborative study.

The use of GNRH to control follicular development in cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
A.R. Peters ◽  
S.J. Ward ◽  
P.J. Gordon ◽  
G.E. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

Fertility after prostaglandin (PG) may be compromised by the variability in timing of oestrus and ovulation, which are in turn influenced by the ovarian follicular status at the time of injection. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment in the luteal phase a few days before PG can reprogramme and thus synchronise preovulatory follicle development (Wolfenson et al., 1994). A second GnRH treatment can then be given after PG, to further improve the synchrony of ovulation (Pursley et al., 1995). The present experiment was carried out to test the effect of this combined GnRH - PG - GnRH regime on ovarian function and steroid hormone production in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ovarian Injury Associated With COVID-19 Disease in Reproductive-Aged Women in Wuhan, China: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ding ◽  
Tian Wang ◽  
Jinjin Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Cui ◽  
Zhe Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

Objective: This study was intended to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 disease and ovarian function in reproductive-aged women.Methods: Female COVID-19 patients of reproductive age were recruited between January 28 and March 8, 2020 from Tongji Hospital in Wuhan. Their baseline and clinical characteristics, as well as menstrual conditions, were recorded. Differentials in ovarian reserve markers and sex hormones (including anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], the ratio of FSH to luteinizing hormone [LH], estradiol [E2], progesterone [P], testosterone [T], and prolactin [PRL] were compared to those of healthy women who were randomly selected and individually matched for age, region, and menstrual status. Uni- and multi-variable hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with ovarian function in COVID-19 women.Results: Seventy eight patients agreed to be tested for serum hormone, of whom 17 (21.79%) were diagnosed as the severe group and 39 (50%) were in the basal level group. Menstrual status (P = 0.55), menstrual volumes (P = 0.066), phase of menstrual cycle (P = 0.58), and dysmenorrhea history (P = 0.12) were similar without significant differences between non-severe and severe COVID-19 women. Significant lower serum AMH level/proportion (0.19/0.28 vs. 1.12 ng/ml, P = 0.003/0.027; AMH ≤ 1.1 ng/ml: 75/70.4 vs. 49.7%, P = 0.009/0.004), higher serum T (0.38/0.39 vs. 0.22 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.001/0.001) and PRL (25.43/24.10 vs. 12.12 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.001/0.001) levels were observed in basal level and the all-COVID-19 group compared with healthy age-matched control. When adjusted for age, menstrual status and parity variations in multivariate hierarchical linear regression analysis, COVID-19 disease was significantly associated with serum AMH (β = −0.191; 95% CI: −1.177–0.327; P = 0.001), T (β = 0.411; 95% CI: 11.154–22.709; P &lt; 0.001), and PRL (β = 0.497; 95% CI: 10.787–20.266; P &lt; 0.001), suggesting an independent risk factor for ovarian function, which accounted for 3.2% of the decline in AMH, 14.3% of the increase in T, and 20.7% of the increase in PRL.Conclusion: Ovarian injury, including declined ovarian reserve and reproductive endocrine disorder, can be observed in women with COVID-19. More attention should be paid to their ovarian function under this pandemic, especially regarding reproductive-aged women.Clinical Trial Number: ChiCTR2000030015.

Opportunities for ovarian reserve preservation in the treatment of oncological diseases

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Juliia E. Dobrokhotova ◽  
Kseniia V. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormonal Function ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Function Preservation

This article presents the data of multi-year research on the problem of ovarian reserve preservation in cancer patients. The review includes 64 literary sources. The review provides the main methods for ovarian function preservation during the treatment of malignant diseases in patients of reproductive age. Given the increasing number of cancer patients in the group of patients of reproductive age, modern medicine is faced with the task not only to provide effective anticancer treatment, but also to try to preserve ovarian function in order to maintain hormonal levels and fertility. Unfortunately, most cancer treatment methods inhibit ovarian function. Thanks to modern approaches, there are medicinal methods for protecting against ovarian inhibition, which allows to maintain hormonal function and come back to solve reproductive problems after recovering from cancer.

scholarly journals Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations and Parameters of Ovarian Reserve among Women from A Fertility Clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8041
Author(s):  
Ewelina Czubacka ◽  
Bartosz Wielgomas ◽  
Anna Klimowska ◽  
Michał Radwan ◽  
Paweł Radwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Human exposure to environmentally widespread endocrine disruptors, especially bisphenol A (BPA), has been suggested to affect reproductive health. Animal studies indicate that BPA may play a role in the process of reproduction and impact on maturing oocytes, meiotic cell division or fertilization rate. Nevertheless, data regarding the effects of exposure to BPA on women’s ovarian function are still limited. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to assess the effects of environmental exposure to BPA on ovarian reserve. Methods: The study participants consisted of 511 women in reproductive age (25–39 years) who attended an infertility clinic for diagnosis, due to the couples’ infertility. BPA urinary concentrations were assessed by the validated gas chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry method. The ovarian reserve was assessed using ovarian reserve parameters: Hormones concentrations: E2 (estradiol), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone), and AFC (antral follicle count). Results: In the present study, the negative association between BPA urinary concentrations and AMH (p = 0.02) and AFC (p = 0.03) levels was found. Exposure to BPA was not related to other examined parameters of ovarian reserve (FSH, E2). Conclusions: Our results suggest that BPA exposure may affect women ovarian reserve parameters and reduce ovarian reserve. As this is one of the first studies of its kind, the findings need confirmation in a further investigation.

scholarly journals Association between thyroid autoimmunity and ovarian reserve in women with hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. Morales-Martínez ◽  
Luis H. Sordia-Hernández ◽  
Martha Merino Ruiz ◽  
Selene Garcia-Luna ◽  
Otto H. Valdés-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Autoimmune Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The ovarian function and therefore the ovarian reserve may be compromised by the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases of which, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common in women of reproductive age. Furthermore, a prolonged reduction in thyroid hormone concentration results in a broad spectrum of reproductive alteration. Previous reports in the literature have been controversial regarding the impact of hypothyroidism and alterations in the ovarian reserve. Thus, this prospective and comparative study aimed to evaluate the association of hypothyroidism with low ovarian reserve. Materials and Methods A subset of 27 patients with primary autoimmune hypothyroidism were compared to healthy women. The ovarian reserve was assessed through the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and the antral follicle count (AFC). Results Overall, the two groups did not display significant differences in length of their menstrual cycles neither in the AMH serum levels nor the AFC. Conclusions No significant alteration was found in the ovarian reserve of women with HT.

THE OVARIAN CONTROL OF THE HYPOPHYSIAL GONADOTROPHIC FUNCTION

1952 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BRUZZONE ◽  
A. LIPSCHUTZ ◽  
L. NIEDMANN
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Ovarian Graft

Those aspects of ovarian function which are thought to be involved in the regulation of pituitary gonadotrophic activity have been experimentally dissociated: (1) hormone production without normal 'competitive consumption' of gonadotrophin (in an ovarian fragment in situ), and (2) 'consumption' of gonadotrophin unaccompanied by hormone activity (in an intrasplenic graft). The abnormal behaviour displayed by an ovarian remnant maintained alone in the body for long experimental periods and manifested by cyst formation of the rete ovarii (method II, see Text-fig. 1) is not counteracted by an intrasplenic ovarian graft allowed to act only by virtue of its 'consumption' of gonadotrophin (method V). On the other hand, the ovarian fragment, even when not showing the same degree of follicular development and luteinization as an entire ovary in situ, counteracts to a very considerable degree the production of haemorrhagic follicles in the intrasplenic graft (methods IV and V). Therefore, the ovarian remnant is able to exert some control over the anterior pituitary, presumably by producing oestrogen. In the presence of an intrasplenic graft luteinization is less pronounced in an ovarian remnant (method V) than in the entire ovary retained in situ (method VI). Correspondingly, luteinization in the intrasplenic graft is more pronounced in the first than in the second case. While 'competitive consumption' of gonadotrophin is probably a significant factor in follicular development and luteinization, it has not been proved conclusively that it also controls production and release of the pituitary gonadotrophic hormones.

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