scholarly journals A Principal Component Analysis in Switchgrass Chemical Composition

Energies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Aboytes-Ojeda ◽  
Krystel Castillo-Villar ◽  
Tun-hsiang Yu ◽  
Christopher Boyer ◽  
Burton English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Variability of Leaf and Berry oils from Corsican Juniperus macrocarpa

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Joséphine Ottavioli ◽  
Ange Bighelli ◽  
Joseph Casanova ◽  
Félix Tomi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Component ◽  
C Nmr

The chemical composition of five leaf oil samples and eighteen berry oil samples from Corsican Juniperus macrocarpa have been investigated by GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR. The composition of berry oils was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons with α-pinene (56.4-78.9%) as main component followed by myrcene (2.2-11.9%). Germacrene D (4.5-103%) was the major sesquiterpene. The contents of the main components of leaf oils varied drastically from sample to sample: α-pinene (28.7-76.4%), δ3-carene (up to 17.3%), β-phellandrene (up to 12.3%), manoyl oxide (up to 8.1%). The occurrence of the unusual ( Z)-pentadec-6-en-2-one (0.1-1.2%) should be pointed out. Statistical analysis (Principal Component Analysis and k- means partition) suggested a unique group with atypical samples.

Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Eucalyptus Wood Extracts after Different Storage Times Using Principal Component Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviano O. Silvério ◽  
Luiz C. A. Barbosa ◽  
Paulo H. Fidêncio ◽  
Mariluze P. Cruz ◽  
Célia R. A. Maltha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Storage Times

Fatty acids evaluation by Principal Component Analysis for the traceability of Sicilian and Calabrian olive oils

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Antonio Francesco Mottese ◽  
Maurizio Messina ◽  
Maurizio D'Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
Product Authenticity ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Background and Objectives: In this article a comprehensive study was carried out for Sicilian and Calabrian olive oils authenticity evaluation through chemometric analyses, correlating botanical and geographical origins with samples chemical composition. Method: A total of eighteen Sicilian and Calabrian (southern Italy) olive oil samples were analyzed through gas chromatography (GC). Results: The fatty acids concentration in the investigated samples followed the subsequent order: oleic (C18:1) > palmitic (C16) > linoleic (C18:2) > stearic (C18) > palmitoleic (C16:1) > linoleic (C18:3). The 2D Scatterplot (Principal Component Analysis) showed that, among the analyzed oils, six clusters stand out, which seem to consistently group samples in relation to the cultivars and cultivation areas that share the territorial proximity (same province). Conclusions: Experimental results demonstrated that it is possible to strictly relate, through the PCA, olive oils to their geographical and botanical provenance, thus becoming a useful tool for evaluating product authenticity and to guarantee it to the consumers.

scholarly journals Composition and Variability of the Essential Oil of the Flowers of Lavandula stoechas from Various Geographical Sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore La Bella ◽  
Teresa Tuttolomondo ◽  
Giacomo Dugo ◽  
Giuseppe Ruberto ◽  
Claudio Leto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas

Samples of flowers of wild Lavandula stoechas L. spp. stoechas populations were collected in three areas of Sicily (Italy) and were characterized in agronomic and chemical terms. Essential oil (EO) was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses permitted identification of 89 compounds from the EO. The samples were separated into 3 groups using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) statistical method, with reference to the chemical composition of the EO. All three Sicilian populations of lavender were identified as the fenchone chemotype with percentage content ranged between 52.8–71.1%. The population of Partinico showed the highest dry weight of flowers per plant (221.3 g), but the lowest EO yield (0.37%). The essential oils of the three wild Sicilian populations of L. stoechas L. spp. stoechas showed a greater chemical differentiation than those obtained from other Mediterranean areas.

scholarly journals A Study on the Metallurgical Characteristic of Hammer Scale Produced through Traditional Iron-making Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-747
Author(s):  
Sung Mo Cho ◽  
Nam Chul Cho
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Smelting Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Direct Smelting

This study attempted to investigate the metallurgical characteristic through material scientific analysis of hammer scale produced as a direct smelting method restoration experiment for each raw material of iron. To this end, four hammer scale groups were set up, respectively, by experimenting with Gyeongju-Gampo Iron sand and Yangyang Iron ore. For the analysis, principal component analysis, compound analysis, microstructure observation, and chemical composition were confirmed. As a result of principal component analysis, as forging and refining progressed, the content of Fe increased and the content of non-metallic objects decreased. As a result of compound analysis, iron oxide-based compounds were identified. As a result of confirming microstructure and chemical composition, Wüstite and Fayalite were observed overall, and agglomerated Wüstite were observed in some. Magnetite on shape of polygon and pillar was observed. In addition, it was confirmed that internal defects, impurities, and non-metallic interventions gradually decreased. In the future, it is necessary to investigate the metallurgical characteristic through material scientific analysis of hammer scale produced through restoration experiments using various raw material of iron, and compare them with those excavated from Iron manufacture ruins.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Composition of terpenoid compounds in essential oils extracted from stems of eight Piper species and their role in taxonomic relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho ◽  
ELIZABETH CINDY LEXINTA ◽  
YOSEP PRIYONO ◽  
RATNA SUSANDARINI
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Abstract. Nugroho LH, Lexinta EC, Priyono Y, Susandarini R. 2020. Short Communication: Composition of terpenoid compounds in essential oils extracted from stems of eight Piper species and their role in taxonomic relationships. Biodiversitas 21: 3438-3443. Piper is widely used as source of essential oils from which many bioactive compounds with medicinal properties were used in traditional medicine. The objectives of this study were to explore the chemical composition of essential oils of eight Piper species and to identify its role in determining taxonomic relationships. Chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed using GC-MS analysis on petroleum ether extracts from stems of eight Piper species, while taxonomic relationship was determined using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Results showed that 21 terpenoid compounds were identified as constituents of the essential oils, consisted of 4 monoterpenes, 14 sesquiterpenes, and 3 diterpenes. The composition of essential oils varied between species. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that differences in the composition of essential oil compounds determined the grouping of species into two clusters. Five compounds were identified as having major role in the grouping of species. These compounds were α-selinene, α-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, farnesyl acetone, and α-amorphene. The results of this study offer opportunities for the use of Piper stems as source of essential oils. This study also confirms the interspecies variability in composition of essential oils, and at the same time supports the use of essential oils in chemotaxonomic studies.

scholarly journals The use of principal component analysis for the assessment of the spatial variability of curative waters from the Busko-Zdrój and Solec-Zdrój region (Poland) – preliminary results

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1137-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wątor ◽  
Ewa Kmiecik ◽  
Iwona Lipiec
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Sodium Sulphide ◽  
Deep Circulation ◽  
Geological Formations

Abstract In the Busko-Zdrój and Solec-Zdrój region (Poland), curative waters with different concentrations of sulphur(II) compounds are extracted. In this paper, waters from 14 intakes were considered. The waters analysed are chloride-sodium, sulphide, iodide (Cl–Na, S, I) or chloride-sodium, sulphide (Cl–Na, S) and are especially associated with deep circulation systems (Jurassic limestones) or shallow circulation systems mostly connected with Cretaceous formations (Senonian marls and limestones and Cenomanian sands and sandstones). The aim of this research is to evaluate the similarities or differences between samples of curative water taken from different geological formations and locations. Principal component analysis was used to assess the similarities between samples of curative waters collected from the intakes being examined. Two principal components were extracted. The analysis indicated that there is a difference between the chemical composition of waters taken from different stratigraphies. Water samples from Cretaceous formations of Cenomanian and Senonian age are similar. There is a small difference observed for waters abstracted from the Neogene and Cretaceous. However, these differences mostly resulted from SO42− and Ca2+ concentrations.

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