scholarly journals Optimization of Fuel Consumption and Emissions for Auxiliary Power Unit Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Model

Energies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongpeng Shen ◽  
Zhendong He ◽  
Dongqi Liu ◽  
Binjie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Technological analysis and fuel consumption saving potential of different gas turbine thermodynamic configurations for series hybrid electric vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1544-1562
Author(s):  
Wissam Bou Nader ◽  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
Emmanuel Nault ◽  
Alexandre Reine ◽  
Samer Wakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Technological Analysis

Gas turbine systems are among potential energy converters to substitute the internal combustion engine as auxiliary power unit in future series hybrid electric vehicle powertrains. Fuel consumption of these auxiliary power units in the series hybrid electric vehicle strongly relies on the energy converter efficiency and power-to-weight ratio as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on-board. This paper presents a technological analysis and investigates the potential of fuel consumption savings of a series hybrid electric vehicle using different gas turbine–system thermodynamic configurations. These include a simple gas turbine, a regenerative gas turbine, an intercooler regenerative gas turbine, and an intercooler regenerative reheat gas turbine. An energetic and technological analysis is conducted to identify the systems’ efficiency and power-to-weight ratio for different operating temperatures. A series hybrid electric vehicle model is developed and the different gas turbine–system configurations are integrated as auxiliary power units. A bi-level optimization method is proposed to optimize the powertrain. It consists of coupling the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to the dynamic programming to minimize the fuel consumption and the number of switching ON/OFF of the auxiliary power unit, which impacts its durability. Fuel consumption simulations are performed on the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle while considering the electric and thermal comfort vehicle energetic needs. Results show that the intercooler regenerative reheat gas turbine–auxiliary power unit presents an improved fuel consumption compared with the other investigated gas turbine systems and a good potential for implementation in series hybrid electric vehicles.

Reducing Locomotive Idle Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions by Applying an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Biess ◽  
Ted Stewart ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Steven Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Locomotive Engine

This paper documents results of fuel consumption and exhaust emission tests performed on a 1,500 kW EMD GP38-2 locomotive equipped with an auxiliary power unit (APU) designed to minimize main engine idling time by providing stand-by services normally provided by the main EMD 16-645-E engine at idle. The purpose of these tests was to perform an evaluation of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of both the EMD 16-645-E engine and the APU. The APU diesel engine was a 2.0L, 4-cylinder, turbocharged, Kubota model V2003-TEBG rated at 30.6 kW. The APU was tested using an external load box over a range of load conditions, ranging from unloaded (0 kW) through 16 kW, which was the maximum APU load expected as installed in the locomotive. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are compared between an idling EMD 16-645-E engine and the APU engine at a “typical” stand-by condition with the coolant and lubricating oil heaters operating and the locomotive control cab air conditioner turned off. Test results showed that the APU fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are dramatically lower than the idling EMD locomotive engine. Because the APU is designed to automatically start and stop as a function of the locomotive water temperature, and therefore operates only a portion of the time that the EMD engine would otherwise be idling. Reductions in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions over an extended period of time would be even more dramatic.

scholarly journals Parameter Matching Optimization of a Powertrain System of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Fu ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Jiyun Tang ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Parameter Matching ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Aiming at problems of large computational complexity and poor reliability, a parameter matching optimization method of a powertrain system of hybrid electric vehicles based on multi-objective optimization is proposed in this paper. First, according to the vehicle basic parameters and performance indicators, the parameter ranges of different components were analyzed and calculated; then, with the weight coefficient method, the multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem of fuel consumption and emissions was transformed into a single-objective optimization problem; finally, the co-simulation of AVL Cruise and Matlab/Simulink was achieved to evaluate the effects of parameter matching through the objective function. The research results show that the proposed parameter matching optimization method for hybrid electric vehicles based on multi-objective optimization can significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions of a vehicle simultaneously and thus provides an optimized vehicle configuration for energy management strategy research. The method proposed in this paper has a high application value in the optimization design of electric vehicles.

Multi-objective optimisation of a small aircraft turbine engine rotor system with self-updating Rayleigh damping model and frequency-dependent bearing-pedestal model

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (16) ◽  
pp. 5710-5723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shibu K ◽  
K Shankar ◽  
Ch Kanna Babu ◽  
Girish K Degaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Rayleigh Damping ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Damping Model ◽  
Engine Rotor

A self-updating Rayleigh damping model and frequency-dependent bearing-pedestal model for multi-objective optimisation is presented through this paper and is applied for a small turbine engine rotor system for aircraft application. This engine is used as an auxiliary power unit on aircraft. The Rayleigh damping model and frequency-dependent bearing pedestal model are verified by carrying out experiments on this auxiliary power unit rotor system. The novel self-updating feature calculates the Rayleigh damping coefficients and frequency-dependent bearing-pedestal stiffness for each chromosome and modifies rotor system equation of motion for computing the objectives during multi-objective optimisation for each chromosome. This novel model is used for multi-objective optimisation of auxiliary power unit rotor system. The unbalance response and weight are minimised subjected to critical speed constraint. Controlled elitist genetic algorithm is used for the optimisation resulting in Pareto optimal solutions and the acceptable solution is identified as the solution close to Utopia point. The results are compared with the constant Rayleigh damping model. The new model has produced an accurate optimum solution superior to constant Rayleigh damping model.

Control Oriented Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit for Transportation Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Sorrentino ◽  
Cesare Pianese
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power

This paper reports on the development of a control-oriented model for simulating a hybrid auxiliary power unit (APU) equipped with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack. Such a work is motivated by the strong interest devoted to SOFC technology due to its highly appealing potentialities in terms of fuel savings, fuel flexibility, cogeneration, low-pollution and low-noise operation. In this context, the availability of a model with acceptable computational burden and satisfactory accuracy can significantly enhance both system and control strategy design phases for APUs destined to a wide application area (e.g., mild-hybrid cars, trains, ships, and airplanes). The core part of the model is the SOFC stack, surrounded by a number of ancillary devices: air compressor/blower, regulating pressure valves, heat exchangers, prereformer, and postburner. Since the thermal dynamics is clearly the slowest one, a lumped-capacity model is proposed to describe the response of SOFC and heat exchangers to load (i.e., operating current) variation. The stack model takes into account the dependence of stack voltage on operating temperature, thus adequately describing the typical voltage undershoot following a decrease in load demand. On the other hand, due to their faster dynamics the mass transfer and electrochemistry processes are assumed instantaneous. The hybridizing device, whose main purpose is to assist the SOFC system (i.e., stack and ancillaries) during transient conditions, consists of a lead-acid battery pack. Battery power dependence on current is modeled, taking into account the influence of actual state of charge on open circuit voltage and internal resistance. The developed APU model was tested by simulating typical auxiliary power demand profiles for a heavy-duty truck in parked-idling phases. Suited control strategies also were developed to avoid operating the SOFC stack under severe thermal transients and, at the same time, to guarantee a charge sustaining operation of the battery pack. In order to assess the benefits achievable by introducing the SOFC-APU on board of a commercial truck, the simulated fuel consumption was compared with the fuel consumed by idling the thermal engine. From the simulation carried out, it emerges how the SOFC-APU allows achieving a potential reduction in fuel consumption of up to 70%.

Approximation of Payback Period of Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit for Large Trucks

2009 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
Noboru Katayama ◽  
Hideyuki Kamiyama ◽  
Yusuke Kudo ◽  
Sumio Kogoshi ◽  
Takafumi Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power

Electric auxiliary power unit for Shuttle evolution

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUG MEYER ◽  
KENT WEBER ◽  
WALTER SCOTT
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power
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