scholarly journals Multi-Point-of-View Energy Loss Analysis in a Refuse Truck Hydraulic System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2707
Author(s):  
Luis Javier Berne ◽  
Gustavo Raush ◽  
Pedro Javier Gamez-Montero ◽  
Pedro Roquet ◽  
Esteban Codina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Individual

In recent years, much research has focused on reducing the power consumption of mobile hydraulic machines due to rising fuel costs, regulations on combustion engine emissions and the need to reduce the size and weight of the storage devices in hybrid drives. Current approaches to improve the energy efficiency of a hydraulic system can be classified into four basic groups: reduction of the energy demand, recovery of part of the supplied energy (ERS systems), regeneration of part of the supplied energy and reuse of the recovered and regenerated energy (hybrid systems). Today’s mobile hydraulic systems are often complex, perform different tasks and work under different load conditions, which makes it difficult to analyse energy losses. A study of the energy losses of a hydraulic system from different points of view, such as an energy balance for a complete machine cycle, an analysis of the individual cycle phases and a power analysis for the different operation quadrants of the actuators, can give an global picture of the energy losses, being very useful to rate its energy efficiency, identify main power losses and decide which of the different energy-saving techniques to apply. This paper describes the data collection process, its analysis from various points of view and the summary of the results in easy to understand charts as useful tools to identify and quantify the main energy losses. Only system architecture losses are considered. Losses in the ICE engine or the electric motor, hydraulic pump losses and mechanical losses are outside the scope of this study.

Investigation of Thermal Effects in Direct Driven Hydraulic System for Off-Road Machinery

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Karlén ◽  
Tatiana Minav ◽  
Matti Pietola
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Wheel Loaders ◽  
Save Energy

Several types of off-road machinery, such as industrial trucks, forklifts, excavators, mobile cranes, and wheel loaders, are set to be operated in environments which can differ considerably from each other. This sets certain limits for both the drive transmissions and working hydraulics of these machines. The ambient temperature must be taken into account when selecting the hydraulic fluid since the viscosity and density of the fluid are changing at different operating temperatures. In addition to the temperature, energy efficiency can also be a problem in off-road machinery. In most off-road machines, diesel engines are employed to produce mechanical energy. However, there are energy losses during the working process, which causes inefficiency in produced energy. For better energy efficiency, hybridization in off-road machinery is an effective method to decrease fuel consumption and increase energy savings. One of the possible methods to save energy with hybrids is energy regeneration. However, it means that the basic hydraulic system inside off-road machinery needs to be modified. One solution for this is to utilize zonal or decentralized approach by means of direct driven hydraulic (DDH) system. This paper aims to investigate a DDH system for off-road machinery by means of modelling and analyzing the effect of the temperature. In the direct-driven hydraulic system, the actuator is controlled directly by the hydraulic pump which is operated by the electric motor. Specifically, it is a valveless closed-loop hydraulic system. Thus, there will be no energy losses caused by the valves, and the total efficiency is assumed to be significantly higher. In order to examine the DDH system, a thermo-hydraulic model was created. Additionally, a thermal camera was utilized in order to illustrate the temperature changes in the components of the DDH system. To reproduce the action of the system in different circumstances DDH system was run at different ambient temperatures, and the component temperatures in the system were measured and saved for the analysis. The thermo hydraulic model was proven capable to follow the general trend of heating up.

LEGAL STATUS OF THE SOLE EXECUTIVE BODY OF A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Fanilevna Aitova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Executive Body

The article analyzes the issue of determining the legal status of the individual management body of a limited liability company. The author begins his research with the concept of legal status existing in the general theory of law, and then proceeds to consider the issue from the point of view of philosophical categories. In addition, the work explores the diversity of points of view existing in the doctrine regarding the legal status of the individual management body of economic societies.

Influence of Shading and Transparent Surfaces on Historical Building Energy Retrofit

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Luca Evangelisti ◽  
Claudia Guattari ◽  
Gabriele Battista ◽  
Luciano Santarpia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Energy Retrofit

This study aims to assess the influence of greenery shading and transparent surfaces on historical building’s energy demand under a retrofit point of view. To achieve this goal, the energy requirement of the whole building has been considered. In order to improve buildings energy efficiency several simulations have been performed. In particular, the effects of some interventions related to different windowed elements, characterized by progressively improved thermal properties, have been taken into account.

STEAM: A Mobile Hydraulic System With Engine Integration

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Vukovic ◽  
Sebastian Sgro ◽  
Hubertus Murrenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total System ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Displacement Pump

In recent years, research institutions worldwide have developed a number of new mobile hydraulic systems. Despite their improved energy efficiency, these systems have yet to gain market acceptance due to their related increase in component costs and decrease in robustness. At the Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Controls in Aachen, a new system for mobile machines, named STEAM (Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in der Arbeitshydraulik mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen), is being developed using inexpensive off-the-shelf components. The aim is to improve the total system efficiency by considering all the subsystems in the machine. This is done by integrating the internal combustion engine (ICE) into the hydraulic design process. By using a constant pressure system in combination with a low-cost fixed displacement pump the hydraulic system is designed to ensure the ICE experiences a constantly high load in a region of high efficiency, so-called point operation. To decrease the hydraulic losses incurred when supplying the linear actuators with flow, an additional intermediate pressure rail with independent metering edges is used. This enables various energy efficient discrete operating modes, including energy regeneration and recuperation.

Protection of Hydraulic Systems against Dynamic Loads Using Multi-Valve Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Gwiazda ◽  
Agnieszka Sękala ◽  
Wacław Banaś ◽  
Zbigniew Monica
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Independent Design

The paper presents the method of designing equipment for protection the hydraulic system, and particularly hydraulic machines, against dynamic loads. The example of such machine is a powered mining support. A support must work in the conditions related with rock crumps what causes large and quick energy releasing. The designing process bases on the integrated approach what let taking into consideration all needed elements of this process [1,. Each of the elements of the design process could be an independent design agent which could find its solution both in CAD technique and other modeling tools [3,4]. Moreover in the paper is presented the results of computer analysis of the presented solution. This design solution bases on the application, in the protected hydraulic system, two complementary valves: the quick-release valve and the large-caliber one. Analysis of this valve system allow to state that this technical solution should protect a hydraulic system against dynamic loads of any energy.

scholarly journals Ways to ensure the efficiency and improvement the efficiency of hydraulic machines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042090
Author(s):  
A S Lunev ◽  
A S Kaverzina ◽  
I V Karnaukhov ◽  
M D Pankiv ◽  
I V Andreychikov
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Hydraulic Machines

Abstract In this paper, the methods of designing hydraulic drives with minimal energy losses are considered. As well as ways to reduce energy losses in hydraulic systems. The importance of the work is due to the fact that methods have been proposed to improve the reliability and environmental friendliness of the hydraulic drive.

scholarly journals Detailed Energy Accounting of Electrical Submersible Pumping Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
David Grassian ◽  
Daniel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Energy Accounting ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pumps

The concept of energy return on investment (EROI) is applied to a set of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) installed on a small offshore platform by conducting a detailed energy accounting of each ESP. This information is used to quantify the energy losses and efficiencies of each ESP system as well as the EROI of the lifting process (EROILifting), which is derived by dividing the energy out of each well, which is the chemical energy of the crude oil produced, by the energy consumed by each ESP system and by the surface equipment used to dispose of the well’s produced water. The resulting EROILifting values range from 93 to 565, with a corresponding energy intensity range of 18.3 to 3.0 kWh/barrel of crude. The energy consumed by each well is also is used to calculate the lifting costs, which is the incremental cost of producing an additional barrel of crude oil, which range from 0.64 to 3.90 USD/barrel of crude. The lifting costs are entirely comprised of procured diesel fuel, since there is no natural gas available on the platform to be used as fuel. Electrical efficiencies range from 0.60 to 0.80, while Hydraulic efficiencies range from 0.12 to 0.56. The overall ESP efficiencies range from 0.09 to 0.39, with the largest losses occurring in the hydraulic system, particularly within the ESP pump itself. Improvement of pump efficiencies is the only practical option to improve the overall ESP system efficiencies. Other losses within the electrical and hydraulic systems present few opportunities for improvement.

Direct Position Control of Electro-Hydraulic Excavator

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Danaee ◽  
Jarmo Nurmi ◽  
Tatiana Minav ◽  
Jouni Mattila ◽  
Matti Pietola
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Position Measurement ◽  
Physical Sensors ◽  
Accurate Position

Position measurement in the electro-hydraulic systems is feasible via the utilization of physical sensors. An improvement in technology has led to the manufacturing of high accurate position sensors for direct position control. This paper proposes utilization of direct position control in an electro-hydraulic system with a new hydraulic zonal system architecture implemented with Direct Driven Hydraulics. It was mentioned in early study that this hydraulic system architecture as a replacement for the traditional valve-based hydraulic systems, has higher energy efficiency rate. In this study, the simulation implementation and experimental verification of Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH) will be investigated for a micro excavator test case from position control point of view. Results demonstrated that the implementation of DDH in an excavator case will lead to maximum 5 cm error in a single-cycle movement.

Influence of RBD Palm Olein on Hydraulic Pump Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
Weerapong Chanbua ◽  
Unnat Pinsopon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein ◽  
Accredited Laboratory

At the present time, researchers try to find alternative fluids for being used as lubricants or hydraulic fluids that are biodegradable and environmental friendly. In this study, Refined-Bleached-Deodorized (RBD) palm olein was investigated whether it is such a potential candidate. RBD palm olein could be easily acquired since it is of the type used as cooking oil. The physical properties of both conventional hydraulic oil and RBD palm olein were tested and compared by an accredited laboratory. The performance of the hydraulic systems when using both fluids as working mediums were also tested and compared. The experimental results show that temperature significantly affected the performance of the hydraulic system when using conventional hydraulic oil, whereas the performance of the hydraulic system when using RBD palm olein barely changed with temperatures. At the temperatures below 60 °C, the RBD palm olein yielded less flow rate and less energy efficiency. However, for the temperatures above 60 °C, the RBD palm olein yielded slightly more flow rate and slightly more energy efficiency. It can be confirmed from this study that RBD palm olein can be used as an alternative hydraulic fluid.

scholarly journals MODELING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MECHANICAL HANDLING MACHINES AND SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
DINOLOV OGNYAN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Mechanical Handling ◽  
The Individual

<p>The aim of this study is to justify a generalized basis model for investigating, evaluating and comparing the energy efficiency of the individual and the grouped mechanical handling machines and systems. Based on a conducted analysis and developed model technological schemes of the systems for continuous transport, dependencies are drawn for determining the basis power and minimizing the potential energy losses in loads passages, the losses of height and potential energy in the systems’ auxiliary elements as well as the total energy losses. Additional indices for basis evaluation of the energy efficiency of the continuous-transport-systems technological schemes, regardless of the systems’ type and scope, are developed and systematized.</p>

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