scholarly journals Analysis of the Net Metering Schemes for PV Self-Consumption in Denmark

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Helena Martín ◽  
Jordi de la de la Hoz ◽  
Arnau Aliana ◽  
Sergio Coronas ◽  
José Matas
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Leverage Points ◽  
The Public ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Public Service Obligation ◽  
Local Value

The current Danish regulatory framework BEK 999/2016 for hourly net settled new PV facilities is analysed in detail, evaluating the technical and economic differences between the several envisioned schemes. In addition to the saved cost of the self-consumed energy, the transmission system operator (TSO) tariffs and the public service obligation (PSO) tax are avoided for the self-consumed energy. Advantages regarding the electricity tax and VAT can also be obtained but according to a more varied casuistry, with a particular incentivizing effect for the residential customers. The installation-connected type group 2 is found the cheaper scheme and the billing concepts responsible for its minor cost are identified. This analysis is expected to contribute to discerning the different economic outcomes of the various schemes, helping to take informed investment decisions. Transcending the local value, some common characteristics of this complex framework that can also be found in other regulations may ease the comprehension of the leverage points and the policy instruments for modulating the economic results of the facilities and in this way also their path of deployment.

scholarly journals Language Provision in the Scottish Public Sector: Recommendations to Promote Inclusive Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róisín McKelvey
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
City Council ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Support ◽  
Inclusive Practice ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The City

Public service providers in Scotland have developed language support, largely in the form of interpreting and translation, to meet the linguistic needs of those who cannot access their services in English. Five core public sector services were selected for inclusion in a research project that focused on the aforementioned language provision and related equality issues: the Scottish Courts and Tribunal Service, NHS Lothian, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, the City of Edinburgh Council and Glasgow City Council. The frameworks within which these public service providers operate—namely, the obligations derived from supranational and domestic legal and policy instruments—were analysed, as was the considerable body of standards and strategy documents that has been produced, by both national organisations and local service providers, in order to guide service delivery. Although UK equalities legislation has largely overlooked allochthonous languages and their speakers, this research found that the public service providers in question appear to regard the provision of language support as an obligation related to the Equality Act (UK Government, 2010). Many common practices related to language support were also observed across these services, in addition to shared challenges, both attitudinal and practical. A series of recommendations regarding improvements to language provision in the public sector emerged from the research findings and are highlighted in this article.

Anniversary Address

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
The Self ◽  
Alma Mater ◽  
New Creation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
The Right

I stand before you this afternoon as the thirty-second lineal successor to Peter Le Neve, herald, genealogist, and antiquary, chosen in 1707 to be the first President of the ‘new creation’ and reputedly a former President, as far back as 1689, when he would still have been on the right side of 30, of the last of the forerunner societies whose intermittent existence links our present body with the circle of Stow and Lambarde, Cotton and Camden. If filial piety to an alma mater is not out of place on such an occasion, may I say that one of the special pleasures you have given me, a Londoner born and bred, by electing me as your thirty-third President, is the thought that there is one thing which Peter Le Neve and I and no other two Presidents have in common: we were nursed upon the self-same hill, though admittedly the nursing of the 1670s and the 1920s took place on opposite sides of the Walbrook. I find another source of pleasure, and indeed of pride, in reflecting that the occupant of this chair in the days when I made my first three visits to these rooms in 1932 was also my predecessor as Chief Inspector; and if it is to the first Inspector of Ancient Monuments, Pitt Rivers, that we look back as the father of modern field archaeology, it is the second, Sir Charles Peers, successively Secretary, Director, and President of the Antiquaries from 1908 to 1934, who deserves to be remembered as the initiator of Britain's approach to the conservation of standing monuments, an approach which brought renown to his branch of the public service and set the standards which are still its guide today.

scholarly journals Public Service Obligation System Principles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Snježana Rajilić
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
State Level ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Public Service Obligation ◽  
The Eu

This paper tries to model the public passenger transport system in the railroad traffic from the aspect of the PSO obligation – the Public Transport Obligations, defined by a Regulation enacted by the state level of authority, in accordance with the EU Parliament Regulation 1370/2007/EC. The paper focuses on the aims of the Regulation which regulate the PSO principles, system financing, compensation and subsidies systems. It also establishes the conditions and trends in EU countries. There is also stress about the structure of expenses and income in the exploitation process in relation to the need for subsidies by local authorities for the transport of passengers

12. Derogations and Justifications

2019 ◽  
pp. 475-516
Author(s):  
Catherine Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Service ◽  
The Self ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Host State

This chapter examines the express powers given to the Member States by Union law to prevent or restrict migrants from enjoying in full the rights enjoyed by workers, the self-employed, providers/receivers of services, and of citizens in the host State. The express derogations laid down by the Treaty fall into two categories: general derogations (public policy, public security, and public health); and specific derogations (employment in the public service). It also examines the exceptions found in the Citizens’ Rights Directive 2004/38

scholarly journals Evaluation System for the Implementation of Public Passenger Transport as a Public Service Obligation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janez Blaž ◽  
Klemen Zajc ◽  
Samo Zupan ◽  
Miha Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Service Obligation

The research in this article relates to an evaluation system for the implementation of lines in a public passenger transport system as a public service obligation. The purpose of this research is to present the methodology for the performance evaluation of a public passenger transport system that serves the public transport authority as a tool for making further decisions. The procedures first refer to the experimental determination of the criteria and then perform the first evaluation in the form of the value of the objective function. This is followed by multi-stage linear regression and optimization procedures that give the relation between the dependent variable ( Y ) and the independent variables ( X , ) that is, the criteria. Optimization is carried out in the coefficients ( β ), which are excluded from the optimization procedures in the case of the calculated statistical degree of insignificance. This research also shows procedures for changing the mathematical form of the criteria records and determining the impact on the final result of optimizations.

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