Operation of the Prototype Device for Induction Heating of Railway Turnouts at Various Operating Frequencies

Robert Żelazny; Paweł Jabłoński; Tomasz Szczegielniak

doi:10.3390/en14020476

Operation of the Prototype Device for Induction Heating of Railway Turnouts at Various Operating Frequencies

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Robert Żelazny ◽

Paweł Jabłoński ◽

Tomasz Szczegielniak

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Electromagnetic Induction ◽

Initial Temperature ◽

Electric Heating ◽

Melting Time ◽

Inductive Heating ◽

Resistance Heating ◽

Railway Infrastructure ◽

Wide Range ◽

Resistive Heater

Devices for electric heating of railroad turnouts are elements of the railway infrastructure protecting railroad turnouts against blocking them by snow and ice in winter. They often operate based on the principle of resistance heating but other solutions are also emerging. In this paper, one of such new solutions using the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction was presented and tested under various conditions. In comparison with traditional resistive heaters, the inductive ones offer heat distribution directly to ice and snow without intermediation of rails. Moreover, they can use a wide range spectrum of frequency to shorten the melting time. The resistive and inductive devices were tested with respect to melting time, temperatures and energy consumption. It follows that the induction-based device offers much lower energy consumption at a level of 30%–60% of that by resistive heater. The details depend on frequency used, initial temperature and number of induction devices of action assumed equivalent to the resistive one. Inductive heating of turnouts also offers shorter times of operation, which are obtained for frequencies in the range 40–70 kHz. The inductive device was also tested with respect to magnetic field levels around it to assess its possible influence on nearby infrastructure.

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Improving Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Recent Patents on Engineering ◽

10.2174/1872212114999200616164642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

M. Sivaram ◽

V. Porkodi ◽

Amin Salih Mohammed ◽

S. Anbu Karuppusamy

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Artificial Bee Colony ◽

Trust Model ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Bee Colony ◽

Important Concern ◽

Wide Range ◽

Iot Devices

Background: With the advent of IoT, the deployment of batteries with a limited lifetime in remote areas is a major concern. In certain conditions, the network lifetime gets restricted due to limited battery constraints. Subsequently, the collaborative approaches for key facilities help to reduce the constraint demands of the current security protocols. Aim: This work covers and combines a wide range of concepts linked by IoT based on security and energy efficiency. Specifically, this study examines the WSN energy efficiency problem in IoT and security for the management of threats in IoT through collaborative approaches and finally outlines the future. The concept of energy-efficient key protocols which clearly cover heterogeneous IoT communications among peers with different resources has been developed. Because of the low capacity of sensor nodes, energy efficiency in WSNs has been an important concern. Methods: Hence, in this paper, we present an algorithm for Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) which reviews security and energy consumption to discuss their constraints in the IoT scenarios. Results: The results of a detailed experimental assessment are analyzed in terms of communication cost, energy consumption and security, which prove the relevance of a proposed ABC approach and a key establishment. Conclusion: The validation of DTLS-ABC consists of designing an inter-node cooperation trust model for the creation of a trusted community of elements that are mutually supportive. Initial attempts to design the key methods for management are appropriate individual IoT devices. This gives the system designers, an option that considers the question of scalability.

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Environmental Sustainability of Building Retrofit through Vertical Greening Systems: A Life-Cycle Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4886

Author(s):

Katia Perini ◽

Fabio Magrassi ◽

Andrea Giachetta ◽

Luca Moreschi ◽

Michela Gallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Baseline Scenario ◽

Life Cycle Approach ◽

Complete Life Cycle ◽

Wide Range ◽

Use Phase ◽

Vertical Greening

Urban greening provides a wide range of ecosystem services to address the main challenges of urban areas, e.g., carbon sequestration, evapotranspiration and shade, thermal insulation, and pollution control. This study evaluates the environmental sustainability of a vertical greening system (VGS) built in 2014 in Italy, for which extensive monitoring activities were implemented. The life-cycle assessment methodology was applied to quantify the water–energy–climate nexus of the VGS for 1 m2 of the building’s wall surface. Six different scenarios were modelled according to three different end-of-life scenarios and two different useful lifetime scenarios (10 and 25 years). The environmental impact of global-warming potential and generated energy consumption during the use phase in the VGS scenarios were reduced by 56% in relation to the baseline scenario (wall without VGS), and showed improved environmental performance throughout the complete life cycle. However, the water-scarcity index (WSI) of the VGS scenarios increased by 42%. This study confirms that the installation of VGSs offers a relevant environmental benefit in terms of greenhouse-gas emissions and energy consumption; however, increased water consumption in the use phase may limit the large-scale application of VGSs.

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Probabilistic Model of the Reflectivity of Construction Materials of the Agroindustrial Complex

Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK ◽

10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-111-115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (44) ◽

pp. 111-115

Author(s):

Tat’yana R. Gallyamova ◽

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Reflection Coefficient ◽

Probabilistic Method ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Visible Range ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Large Area ◽

Wide Range

When developing modern lighting technologies for objects of the agro-industrial complex, the problem arises of assessing the contribution of reflected light to the normalized illumination. The reflective properties of the surfaces of materials are characterized by a reflection coeﬃcient ρ, which reaches a value of 0.7. This allows us to consider the reflective surfaces as an additional light source and the possibility of reducing energy consumption costs. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a mathematical model that allows us to estimate the spectral reflection coeﬃcient ρ(λ) of materials of construction technologies of the agro-industrial complex in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions. (Materials and methods) That the disadvantage of various models is the lack of an analytical method for calculating the reflection coeﬃcient in a wide range of wavelengths. We used a probabilistic method to overcome this disadvantage. (Results and discussion) The developed mathematical model makes it possible to estimate the reflection coeﬃcient of the rough surface of materials in a wide range of the spectrum. For concrete, the area of agreement between theory and experiment is in the wavelength range from 250 to 1000 nm. The saturation mode predicted by the theory (the independence of the reflection coeﬃcient from the wavelength) at a reflection coeﬃcient of 0.4 is consistent with the experimental values in the visible range of the spectrum for construction materials of the agro-industrial complex, in particular, gray textured concrete, gray facade paint, light wood, gray silicate brick, new plaster without whitewash. (Conclusions) In the case of normal light incidence, the developed mathematical model allows us to theoretically estimate the reflection coeﬃcient of the rough surfaces of construction technologies of the agro-industrial complex. The proposed model can be used in the development and design of a system of technological lighting of large-area premises (for example, when keeping birds on the floor), as well as for developing recommendations for reducing the energy consumption of existing lighting systems.

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A fine desintegration of plants suitable for composite biofuels production

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/4945-rae ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. Souček ◽

I. Hanzlíková ◽

P. Hutla

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Technological Process ◽

Material Properties ◽

Statistical Evaluation ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Correct Choice ◽

Input And Output ◽

Input Material ◽

Wide Range ◽

Average Size

In case of pressed composite biofuels production the important part of the production process is the input row materials disintegration. In dependence on disintegrated material properties, disintegration device, grinding stage and technological process there is in practice necessary for disintegration of culm materials 0.5–7% and of wooden species even 0.75–10% of total energetical content of material. A wide range of these figures means that in this sphere of raw materials adaptation can be reached relative high savings through correct choice of technological process and device. The authors of the paper have measured energy consumption of fine disintegration of lignocellulose materials in dependence on particles size and moisture. By the realized measurement of different average size of both input and output particles and consequent statistical evaluation was proved the fiducial energy consumption increase at higher stage of disintegration and higher moisture of the input material. All measurements were carried-out for the grinding mill &Scaron;K 300 and the output particles size was limited by the exchange sieves mesh dimension.

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A wide-range operating synaptic device based on organic ferroelectricity with low energy consumption

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c8ra04403a ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (47) ◽

pp. 26549-26553 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Li Tu ◽

Sijian Yuan ◽

Jiawei Xu ◽

Kunlong Yang ◽

Pengfei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Synaptic Function ◽

Low Energy ◽

Wide Range ◽

Low Energy Consumption

The two-terminal synaptic device based on organic ferroelectricity with low energy consumption can provide reliable synaptic function.

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Role of energy consumption, cutting tool and workpiece materials towards environmentally conscious machining: A comprehensive review

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture ◽

10.1177/0954405419875344 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 234 (3) ◽

pp. 335-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Salman Pervaiz ◽

Sathish Kannan ◽

Ibrahim Deiab ◽

Hossam Kishawy

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Metal Cutting ◽

Cutting Tool ◽

Cutting Process ◽

Machining Process ◽

Workpiece Material ◽

Tool Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cutting Operation

Metal-cutting process deals with the removal of material using the shearing operation with the help of hard cutting tools. Machining operations are famous in the manufacturing sector due to their capability to manufacture tight tolerances and high dimensional accuracy while simultaneously maintaining the cost-effectiveness for higher production levels. As metal-cutting processes consume a great amount of input resources and generate some material-based waste streams, these processes are highly criticized due to their high and negative environmental impacts. Researchers in the metal-cutting sector are currently exploring and benchmarking different activities and best practices to make the cutting operation environment friendly in nature. These eco-friendly practices mainly cover the wide range of activities directly or indirectly associated with the metal-cutting operation. Most of the literature for sustainable metal-cutting activities revolves around the sustainable lubrication techniques to minimize the negative influence of cutting fluids on the environment. However, there is a need to enlarge the assessment domain for the metal-cutting process and other directly and indirectly associated practices such as enhancing sustainability through innovative methods for workpiece and cutting tool materials, and approaches to optimize energy consumption should also be explored. The aim of this article is to explore the role of energy consumption and the influence of workpiece and tool materials towards the sustainability of machining process. The article concludes that sustainability of the machining process can be improved by incorporating different innovative approaches related to the energy and tool–workpiece material consumptions.

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Performance Evaluation and Validation of QCM (Query Control Mechanism) for QoS-Enabled Layered-Based Clustering for Reactive Flooding in the Internet of Things

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20010283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 283

Author(s):

Fawad Ali Khan ◽

Rafidah Md Noor ◽

Miss Laiha Mat Kiah ◽

Ismail Ahmedy ◽

Mohd Yamani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Performance Measure ◽

The Internet ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Internet Of Things ◽

Network Flooding

Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates a wide range of applications through sensor-based connected devices that require bandwidth and other network resources. Enhancement of efficient utilization of a heterogeneous IoT network is an open optimization problem that is mostly suffered by network flooding. Redundant, unwanted, and flooded queries are major causes of inefficient utilization of resources. Several query control mechanisms in the literature claimed to cater to the issues related to bandwidth, cost, and Quality of Service (QoS). This research article presented a statistical performance evaluation of different query control mechanisms that addressed minimization of energy consumption, energy cost and network flooding. Specifically, it evaluated the performance measure of Query Control Mechanism (QCM) for QoS-enabled layered-based clustering for reactive flooding in the Internet of Things. By statistical means, this study inferred the significant achievement of the QCM algorithm that outperformed the prevailing algorithms, i.e., Divide-and-Conquer (DnC), Service Level Agreements (SLA), and Hybrid Energy-aware Clustering Protocol for IoT (Hy-IoT) for identification and elimination of redundant flooding queries. The inferential analysis for performance evaluation of algorithms was measured in terms of three scenarios, i.e., energy consumption, delays and throughput with different intervals of traffic, malicious mote and malicious mote with realistic condition. It is evident from the results that the QCM algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms and the statistical probability value “P” < 0.05 indicates the performance of QCM is significant at the 95% confidence interval. Hence, it could be inferred from findings that the performance of the QCM algorithm was substantial as compared to that of other algorithms.

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Possibilities Reducing of Energy Consumption by Cast Iron Production in Foundry

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.998.36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 998 ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Peter Futaš ◽

Alena Pribulová ◽

Marcela Pokusova

Keyword(s):

Cast Iron ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Iron Production ◽

Hot Metal ◽

Metal Production ◽

Material Efficiency ◽

Electric Induction ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Cost ◽

Metal Melting

Modern metal melting includes of cast iron production in different types furnaces with specific characteristics. Furnaces usually adopted are cupola and induction furnaces. Casting cast iron is a manufacturing process characterized by its energy-intensive nature (ie, the use of large amounts of energy per unit of product for main activities) and a long tradition. An example of the energy balance in a foundry is the design of procedures to reduce energy consumption. The most important is the consumption of energy in the production of hot metals (52%), therefore reducing the cost of preparing hot metal is especially important by reducing the energy consumption of metal melting. The most important energy cost practices are the consumption of hot metal to produce 1mt of high quality castings (often 1700 kg) and reduce the energy consumption of hot metal production that varies over a wide range (from 500 to 1300 kWh/mt). Although scientific and technological aspects are now well established, new studies seem to be needed to describe "foundry of the future", where energy and material efficiency is of great importance to ensure competitiveness alongside environmental protection. The paper presents specific procedures for reducing both economically important indicators in cupola and electric induction furnaces.

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Performance analysis of ant-lion optimization based routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks

International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems ◽

10.1108/ijius-09-2019-0055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Sasi B. Swapna ◽

R. Santhosh

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Performance Analysis ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Local Optimum ◽

Network Simulator ◽

Content Type ◽

Ant Lion Optimization ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ant Lion

PurposeThe miniscule wireless sensor nodes, engaged in the wide range of applications for its capability of monitoring the physical changes around, requires an improved routing strategy with the befitting sensor node arrangement that plays a vital part in ensuring a completeness of the network coverage.Design/methodology/approachThis paves way for the reduced energy consumption, the enhanced network connections and network longevity. The conventional methods and the evolutionary algorithms developed for arranging of the node ended with the less effectiveness and early convergence with the local optimum respectively.FindingsThe paper puts forward the befitting arrangement of the sensor nodes, cluster-head selection and the delayless routing using the ant lion (A-L) optimizer to achieve the substantial coverage, connection, the network-longevity and minimized energy consumption.Originality/valueThe further performance analysis of the proposed system is carried out with the simulation using the network simulator-2 and compared with the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm to substantiate the competence of the proposed routing method using the ant lion optimization.

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