scholarly journals Size-Segregated Particulate Matter from Gasification of Bulgarian Agro-Forest Biomass Residue

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ferreira ◽  
Tsvetelina Petrova ◽  
Ana F. Ferreira ◽  
Mário Costa ◽  
Iliyana Inaydenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Submicron Size ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Cold Gas

The main purpose of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the gasification process of three different types of agro-forest biomass residue (rapeseed, softwood, and sunflower husks) along with the characterization of size-segregated particulates’ emissions. The experiments were carried out in a drop tube furnace (DTF), using two different gasifying agents (O2/N2 and O2/N2/CO2) at atmospheric pressure and a constant temperature of 1000 °C. In focus was the effect of biomass and the gasifying agent on syngas composition (CO, H2, CH4, and CO2), cold gas and carbon conversion efficiency, and on the emissions of by-products, such as particulate matter (PM), known for having negative environmental and health impacts. The collected particulates were characterized by SEM/EDS and XPS analysis. The results reveal that: (i) the introduction of CO2 increased the production of CO and CH4 and syngas’ lower heating value (LHV), thus leading to higher cold gas and carbon conversion efficiency; (ii) CO2 decreased the production of H2, leading to lower H2/CO ratio (between 0.25 and 0.9). Therefore, the generated syngas is suitable for the synthesis of higher hydrocarbons, (iii) CO2 lowered the emissions of char (cyclone) particles but increased the overall PM10–0.3. Submicron size PM was the dominant fraction (PM1–0.3) in O2/N2 and (PM1.6–0.3) in O2/N2/CO2. Unimodal PM size distribution was observed, except for sunflower husks gasification in O2/N2/CO2; (iv) the SEM/EDS and XPS analysis confirmed that submicron-sized PM1–0.3 contain above 80% of carbon associated to soot, due to incomplete oxidation, whereas in cyclone (char) particles, carbon decreased to about 50%. The SEM/EDS results showed that K and Cl are typical constituents of the submicron size PM, whereas the alkaline earth metals were detected mainly in fine and coarse particulates. Detailed analysis of the XPS (C1s) spectra showed that the most common oxygen-containing groups on the PM1 surface were carbonyl and carboxyl.

Simulation of Enriched Air-Steam Biomass Gasification in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 510-515
Author(s):  
Miao Miao Niu ◽  
Ya Ji Huang ◽  
Bao Sheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Percentage ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Cold Gas

A model was developed for the enriched air-steam biomass gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier using Aspen Plus. Restricted equilibrium method was used to eliminate the deviation caused by the diffusion effect of gas-particle. The model has been divided into three stages (drying and pyrolysis, partial combustion and gasification) for predicting the gasifier performance. Simulation results for gas composition, carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency versus oxygen percentage and steam to biomass ratio (S/B) were compared with the experimental results. Higher oxygen percentage improves the gasification process, increases the production of H2 and CO and results in better gasification efficiency. With increasing oxygen percentage, the production of CO2 and CH4 show decreasing trends. Steam injection enhances the H2 and CO2 production but decreases CO and CH4 production. Carbon conversion presents a slight decrease trend over the S/B range, while cold gas efficiency is first constant and then decreased.

scholarly journals Plasma-Assisted Biomass Gasification in a Drop Tube Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Pang ◽  
Leo Bahr ◽  
Peter Fendt ◽  
Lars Zigan ◽  
Stefan Will ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Tube Reactor ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

Compared to conventional allothermal gasification of solid fuels (e.g. biomass, charcoal, lignite etc.), plasma-assisted gasification offers an efficient method to apply energy into the gasification process to increase the flexibility of operation conditions and to increase the reaction kinetics. In particular, non-thermal plasmas (NTP) are promising, in which thermal equilibrium is not reached and electrons have substantially higher mean energy than gas molecules. Thus it is generally assumed that in NTP the supplied energy is utilized more efficiently for generating free radicals initiating gasification reactions than thermal plasma processes. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we compared purely thermal to non-thermal plasma assisted gasification of biomass in steam in a drop tube reactor at atmospheric pressure. The NTP was provided by means of gliding arcs between two electrodes aligned in the inlet steam flow. Electric power of about 1 kW was supplied using a high voltage generator operating at frequencies between 70 and 150 kHz and voltage amplitudes up to 10 kV. A laser-assisted optical method (Raman spectroscopy) was applied for measuring the gas temperature both in the conventionally heated steam and flow-down of the visible plasma filaments of the gliding arcs. Reaction yields and rates were evaluated using these measured gas temperatures. The first experimental results have shown that the non-thermal plasma not only promotes the carbon conversion of the fuel particles, but also accelerates the reaction kinetics. The carbon conversion is increased by nearly 10% using wood powder as the fuel. With charcoal powder more than 3% are converted into syngas.

Biodiesel Effects on Influencing Parameters of Brake Fuel Conversion Efficiency in a Medium Duty Diesel Engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Bittle ◽  
Jesse K. Younger ◽  
Timothy J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Biodiesel remains an alternative fuel of interest for use in diesel engines. A common characteristic of biodiesel, relative to petroleum diesel, is a lowered heating value (or per mass energy content of the fuel). For same torque engine comparisons, the lower heating value translates into a higher brake specific fuel consumption (amount of fuel consumed per unit of power produced). The efficiency at which fuel energy converts into work energy, however, may remain unchanged. In this experimental study, evaluating nine unique engine operating conditions, the brake fuel conversion efficiency (an assessor of fuel energy to work energy efficiency) remains unchanged between 100% petroleum diesel fuel and 100% biodiesel fuel (palm olein) at all conditions, except for high load conditions. Several parameters may affect the brake fuel conversion efficiency, including heat loss, mixture properties, pumping work, friction, combustion efficiency, and combustion timing. This article describes a study that evaluates how the aforementioned parameters may change with the use of biodiesel and petroleum diesel, and how these parameters may result in differences in the brake fuel conversion efficiency.

Experimental of Wood Gasification in Suction Biomass Gasifier

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 1020-1026
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Zainal Alimuddin Zainal Alauddin ◽  
Shahril Nizam Mohamed Soid ◽  
Mohamed Mazlan ◽  
Mohd Huzaifah Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Gas Conversion

Biomass is one of the alternatives energy which are abundant, relatively cheap, and widespread availability. This paper is aim to show the process finding according experimental work of wood using suction biomass gasifier. Energy can be extracted from biomass through gasification process. The experiment focuses on woody gasification. A suction biomass gasifier has been built and operated under stable condition which fueled from wood waste and air as gasifying agent. The biomass feeding rate was varied from 3 to 5.5kg/hr. Result show that producer gas contains CO in 20-30% in volume and H2 found to be varying between 14 and16% vol. The low heating value (LHV) from this woody gasification around 4-5 MJ/Nm3. Carbon conversion efficiency also measured as a parameter to indicate biomass-gas conversion.

An experimental study on the carbon conversion efficiency and emission indices of air and steam co-flow diffusion jet flames

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 119534
Author(s):  
M. Zamani ◽  
E. Abbasi-Atibeh ◽  
S. Mobaseri ◽  
H. Ahsan ◽  
A. Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Jet Flames

scholarly journals Greenhouse heating by using an installation of biomass gasification

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Evelin Laza ◽  
Liliana Dumitrescu ◽  
Madalina Boboc ◽  
Georgiana Moiceanu
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
High Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Rapid Pyrolysis

The use of renewable energies has seen a significant increase in energy demand in agriculture, in competition with solid, liquid or gaseous fossil fuels. Wood and other forms of biomass including energy crops, agricultural and forest biomass are transformed into energy through thermal, biological or physical processes. Thermo-chemical conversion, biomass gasification, is the most attractive technology that offers a high conversion efficiency compared to direct burning or rapid pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Development of method for determination of the kinetics constants of coal char gasification in pore diffusion regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 07007
Author(s):  
Irina Remkunas ◽  
Igor Donskoy ◽  
Aleksandr Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Kinetic Constants ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Porous Sample ◽  
Char Gasification ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Coal Char Gasification

In this paper, we developed a method for determining the kinetic constants of partially diffusion-controlled heterogeneous reactions in a porous sample of powder. Studies have been conducted on the experimental data of thermogravimetric analysis of carbon conversion in a stream of CO2, using a new method of processing kinetic curves, to obtain updated values of the kinetic constants under conditions where widely used models are inappropriate. Data obtained can be used for a reliable assessment of the characteristics of the gasification process.

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