Biodiesel Effects on Influencing Parameters of Brake Fuel Conversion Efficiency in a Medium Duty Diesel Engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Bittle ◽  
Jesse K. Younger ◽  
Timothy J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Biodiesel remains an alternative fuel of interest for use in diesel engines. A common characteristic of biodiesel, relative to petroleum diesel, is a lowered heating value (or per mass energy content of the fuel). For same torque engine comparisons, the lower heating value translates into a higher brake specific fuel consumption (amount of fuel consumed per unit of power produced). The efficiency at which fuel energy converts into work energy, however, may remain unchanged. In this experimental study, evaluating nine unique engine operating conditions, the brake fuel conversion efficiency (an assessor of fuel energy to work energy efficiency) remains unchanged between 100% petroleum diesel fuel and 100% biodiesel fuel (palm olein) at all conditions, except for high load conditions. Several parameters may affect the brake fuel conversion efficiency, including heat loss, mixture properties, pumping work, friction, combustion efficiency, and combustion timing. This article describes a study that evaluates how the aforementioned parameters may change with the use of biodiesel and petroleum diesel, and how these parameters may result in differences in the brake fuel conversion efficiency.

Biodiesel Fuel’s Effects on Influencing Parameters of Brake Fuel Conversion Efficiency in a Medium Duty Diesel Engine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Bittle ◽  
Jesse K. Younger ◽  
Timothy J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Biodiesel remains an alternative fuel of interest for use in diesel engines. A common characteristic of biodiesel, relative to petroleum diesel, is a lowered heating value (or per mass energy content of the fuel). For same-torque engine comparisons, the lower heating value translates into a higher brake specific fuel consumption (amount of fuel consumed per unit of power produced). The efficiency at which fuel energy converts into work energy, however, may remain unchanged. In this experimental study, evaluating nine unique engine operating conditions, brake fuel conversion efficiency (an assessor of fuel energy to work energy efficiency) remains unchanged between 100% petroleum diesel fuel and 100% biodiesel fuel (palm olein) at all conditions except for high load conditions. Several parameters may affect brake fuel conversion efficiency, including heat loss, mixture properties, pumping work, friction, combustion efficiency, and combustion timing. This article describes a study that evaluates how the aforementioned parameters may change with the use of biodiesel and petroleum diesel, and how these parameters may result in differences in brake fuel conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DA TEMPERATURA ADIABÁTICA DE CHAMA DA FORNALHA DE UMA CALDEIRA SIDERÚRGICA INDUSTRIAL

e-xacta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Fabri Turetta ◽  
Andréa Oliveira Souza da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Adiabatic Temperature ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Thermoelectric Plant ◽  
Industrial Boiler ◽  
By Products ◽  
Lower Heating

<p>A indústria siderúrgica produz quatro subprodutos com significativa capacidade de geração de energia. Esses subprodutos podem ser utilizados como combustível na caldeira siderúrgica, equipamento da central termoelétrica. O objetivo deste estudo é propor uma modelagem para estimar a temperatura adiabática da chama da fornalha de uma caldeira siderúrgica com a variação de ar e combustível disponível. A técnica empregada consiste no princípio da Primeira Lei da Termodinâmica. O balanço de energia do sistema foi proposto definindo assim o modelo. A solução do modelo possibilita estimar a temperatura adiabática do sistema. Na indústria, a temperatura adiabática é determinada pelo poder calorífico inferior dos combustíveis. A metodologia proposta neste estudo faz com que não sejam necessários levantamentos experimentais do poder calorífico inferior. Os valores da temperatura adiabática simulados indicam que utilizar condições operacionais distintas na alimentação do combustível e do ar podem afetar significativamente o valor deste parâmetro. Nas simulação com a variação de ar, nota-se que a temperatura adiabática decresce com o acréscimo do excesso de ar. Tal resultado é esperado, uma vez que o aumento da massa, contida no sistema, diminui a eficiência energética do processo. Conclui-se que a metodologia proposta provou ser eficaz de descrever o sistema quando diferentes condições de alimentação são adotadas.</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p>Steel industry produces four by-products with significant capacity of energy generation. These products can be used as fuel at steel boiler, equipment thermoelectric plant. The objective of this study is to propose a modeling to estimate the adiabatic flame temperature furnace’s of an industrial boiler steelmaking with the variation of available air and fuel. The technique employed consists in principle of the First Law of Thermodynamics. The system's energy balance was proposed thus defining the model. The solution’s model enables to estimate the system’s  temperature of the adiabatic. In industry, the adiabatic temperature is determined by the fuel’s lower heating value. The methodology proposed in this study makes is not necessary experimental surveys of the lower heating value. The values at the adiabatic temperature simulated to indicate that use different operating conditions in the feed of fuel and air can significantly affect the value of this parameter. In the simulation with the variation in air, it is noted that the adiabatic temperature decreases with the increase of excess air. This result is expected since the increase of the mass contained in the system decreases the energy efficiency of the process. It is concluded that the methodology proved to be effective to describe the system when different air and fuel feed are adopted.

Estimation of a Lower Heating Value of Vegetable Oil and Biodiesel Fuel

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 3893-3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod S. Mehta ◽  
K. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Investigating anode off-gas under spark-ignition combustion for SOFC-ICE hybrid systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110169
Author(s):  
Zhongnan Ran ◽  
Jon Longtin ◽  
Dimitris Assanis
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Power Generation Plant

Solid oxide fuel cell – internal combustion engine (SOFC-ICE) hybrid systems are an attractive solution for electricity generation. The system can achieve up to 70% theoretical electric power conversion efficiency through energy cascading enabled by utilizing the anode off-gas from the SOFC as the fuel source for the ICE. Experimental investigations were conducted with a single cylinder Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine by altering fuel-air equivalence ratio (ϕ), and compression ratio (CR) to study the engine load, combustion characteristics, and emissions levels of dry SOFC anode off-gas consisting of 33.9% H2, 15.6% CO, and 50.5% CO2. The combustion efficiency of the anode off-gas was directly evaluated by measuring the engine-out CO emissions. The highest net-indicated fuel conversion efficiency of 31.3% occurred at ϕ  = 0.90 and CR = 13:1. These results demonstrate that the anode off-gas can be successfully oxidized using a spark ignition combustion mode. The fuel conversion efficiency of the anode tail gas is expected to further increase in a more modern engine architecture that can achieve increased burn rates in comparison to the CFR engine. NOx emissions from the combustion of anode off-gas were minimal as the cylinder peak temperatures never exceeded 1800 K. This experimental study ultimately demonstrates the viability of an ICE to operate using an anode off-gas, thus creating a complementary role for an ICE to be paired with a SOFC in a hybrid power generation plant.

scholarly journals Combustion Study of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers and Diesel Blend Fuels on an Optical Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4608
Author(s):  
Jingjing He ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
Bin Xie ◽  
Quanwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Soot Formation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Optical Engine ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE) are a newly appeared promising oxygenated alternative that can greatly reduce soot emissions of diesel engines. The combustion characteristics of the PODE and diesel blends (the blending ratios of PODE are 0%, 20%, 50% and 100% by volume, respectively) are investigated based on an optical engine under the injection timings of 6, 9, 12 and 15-degree crank angles before top dead center and injection pressures of 100 MPa, 120 MPa and 140 MPa in this study. The results show that both the ignition delay and combustion duration of the fuels decrease with the increasing of PODE ratio in the blends. However, in the case of the fuel supply of the optical engine being fixed, the heat release rate, cylinder pressure and temperature of the blend fuels decrease with the PODE addition due to the low lower heating value of PODE. The addition of PODE in diesel can significantly reduce the integrated natural flame luminosity and the soot formation under all injection conditions. When the proportion of the PODE addition is 50% and 100%, the chemical properties of the blends play a leading role in soot formation, while the change of the injection conditions have an inconspicuous effect on it. When the proportion of the PODE addition is 20%, the blend shows excellent characteristics in a comprehensive evaluation of combustion and soot reduction.

Development of Coal Partial Gasification and Combustion System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoxin Liu ◽  
Libin Yang ◽  
Mengxiang Fang ◽  
Guanyi Chen ◽  
Zhongyang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Pilot Plant Test ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Partial Gasification

A new system using combined coal gasification and combustion has been developed for clean and high efficient utilization of coal. Following are the processes. The coal is first partially gasified and the produced fuel gas is then used for industrial purpose or as a fuel for a gas turbine. The char residue from the gasifier is burned in a circulating fluidized bed combustor to generate steam for power generation. For having the experimental investigation, a 1MW pilot plant test facility has been erected. Experiments on coal partial gasification with air, and recycle gas have been made on the 1 MW pilot plant test facility. The results show that, with air as gasification agent, the system can produce 4–5MJ/Nm3 low heating value dry gas and fuel conversion efficiency attains 50–70% in the gasifier, and residue 20–40% converted in the combustor and total conversion efficiency in the system is over 90%. In the gasifier, the carbon conversion efficiency increases with the bed temperature and the air blown temperature. CaCO3 has an effective effect for sulfur removal in the gasifier. The sulfur removal efficiency attains 85% with Ca/S molar ratio 2.5. The system can produce 12–14MJ/Nm3 middle heating value day gas by using high temperature circulation solid as heat carrier and recycle gas or steam as gasification media, but the fuel conversion efficiency only attain 30–40% in the gasifier and most of fuel energy is converted in the combustor. CaCO3 has an obvious effect on tar cracking and H2S removal. The sulfur removal efficiency attains 80% with Ca/S molar ratio 2.5.

scholarly journals Lower Heating Value of Jet Fuel from Hydrocarbon Class Concentration Data and Thermo-Chemical Reference Data: An Uncertainty Quantification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Boehm ◽  
Zhibin Yang ◽  
David Bell ◽  
John Feldhausen ◽  
Joshua Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Heats Of Formation ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Value Net ◽  
Lower Heating

A detailed assessment is presented on the calculation and uncertainty of the lower heating value (net heat of combustion) of conventional and sustainable aviation fuels, from hydrocarbon class concentration measurements, reference molecular heats of formation, and the uncertainties of these reference heats of formation. Calculations using this paper’s method and estimations using ASTM D3338 are reported for 17 fuels of diverse compositions and compared against reported ASTM D4809 measurements. All the calculations made by this method and the reported ASTM D4809 measurements agree (i.e., within 95% confidence intervals). The 95% confidence interval of the lower heating value of fuel candidates that are comprised entirely of normal- and iso-alkanes is less than 0.1 MJ/kg by the method described here, while high cyclo-alkane content leads to 95% confidence bands that approach 0.2 MJ/kg. Taking a possible bias into account, the accuracy and precision of the method described in this work could be as high as 0.23 MJ/kg for some samples.

scholarly journals IMPROVE THE PYROLYTIC GAS PRODUCTION BY USING THE CO-PYROLYSIS TECHNIQUE : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abo . Zahra A.I ◽  
M.K. Abd El- Wahab ◽  
M.A. Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Unit ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis

The target of the biomass co-pyrolysis is improvingthe heating value of the produced bio-products of a certain type of feedstock, besides disposal of more than one residue in the same time. Thus, this work aims to operate a local fabricated fixed-bed pyrolyzer to improve the pyrolytic gas yield produced by the ground pieces of three biomass residues namely Mango trees Pruning Logs (MPL), Sugarcane bagasse (SB) and Rice straw (RS) using an affordable slow pyrolysis technique. This work was carried out under slow pyrolysis conditions represented in final pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, vapor residence time of 4 min, heating rate of 0.01-1 °C/s in full absence of oxygen. The pyrolytic gas production was assessed under different feedstock mixing ratios of (1:2:1), (1:1:2) and (2:1:1) as ratio of (RS: SB: MPL), particle lengths of 1-5, 10-15 and 20-25 mm, with and without sandy bed at the bottom of pyrolysis chamber as a fluidized bed. The obtained results showed that, using the fluidized fixed-bed pyrolyzer under slow co-pyrolysis conditions gave the optimum results where in, the pyrolytic gas concentration, gas yield, higher heating value of pyrolytic gasand energy conversion efficiency were 55%, 1.09 Nm3 /kg, 14.97 MJ/Nm3 and 85.43%, respectively, and 53.7%, 1.08 Nm3 /kg, 13.75 MJ/Nm3 ,77.71% in case of using the pyrolyzer without fluidized bed under the same operating conditions. So, the pyrolyzer with fluidized bed achieves an increment in the higher heating value and energy conversion efficiency by about 8.15% and 9.03%, respectivly over the pyrolyzer without fluidized bed.Furthermore, the cost per energy unit of pyrolytic gas produced by the fluidized bed pyrolyzer is lower than the common two fossil gaseous fuels of natural gas and LPG costs by about 28.57% and 80%, respectively.

scholarly journals The Technological Investigations Of Manufacturing Of Energy Chips

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Ziedonis Miklašēvičs
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lower Heating

The methodology in Latvia forest industry provide to determine the quality of energy chips only in long- term storage places before selling. Due to the lack of hard empirical data about the quality parameters of energy chips in different phases of manufacturing process, this research paper consists of: - the identification and analyses of the factors that influenced the values of energy chips quality features such as: bulk density, moisture content, ash content, higher and lower heating value according to actual moisture content and per dry mass of the chips; - the methodology for determination the quality parameters of energy chips by analysis the wood moisture content and by choice the method of the manufacturing of energy chips.

scholarly journals EXERGY-BASED INVESTIGATION OF A COAL-FIRED ALLAM CYCLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 01018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Luo ◽  
Ogechi Emelogu ◽  
Tatiana Morosuk ◽  
George Tsatsaronis
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Allam cycle is a novel cycle that capitalizes on the unique thermodynamic properties of supercritical CO2 and the advantages of oxy-combustion for power generation. It is a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide cycle designed to combust fossil fuels such as natural gas or syngas (from coal gasification systems) with complete CO2 separation at a high-efficiency and zero atmospheric emissions. This semi-closed cycle produces sequestration-ready/pipeline quality CO2 by-product, and thus eliminates the need for additional CO2-capture system. The Coal-fueled Allam cycle is targeted to deliver between 51-52% net efficiency (lower heating value) for coal gasification. In this study, the expected energetic efficiency is verified by simulating the system in Ebsilon professional software and the result showed that the net efficiency of the simulated coal-fired plant is 30.7%, which is significantly lower than the targeted value. The lower efficiency maybe as a result of the missing heat integration in the system, the high power demand of the oxidant compressor and CO2 compressors. And an exergy analysis based on published cycle data is employed, to investigate the cycle performance, identify the sources of the cycle’s thermodynamic inefficiencies at the component level; a sensitivity analysis is also performed to study the effects of selected thermodynamic parameters on the overall performance of the coal-fired Allam cycle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document