scholarly journals Patent Analysis on the Development of the Shale Petroleum Industry Based on a Network of Technological Indices

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6746
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yong-Gil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Technological Indices ◽  
Degree Of Convergence

This study investigated the technological developments in the shale petroleum industry by analyzing patent data using a network of technological indices. The technological developments were promoted by the beginning of the shale industry, and after the first five years, it showed a more complex development pattern with the convergence of critical technologies. This paper described progress in the shale petroleum technologies as changes in relatedness networks of technological components. The relatedness represents degree of convergence between technological components, and betweenness centrality of network represents priority of technological components. In the results, the progress of the critical technologies such as directional drilling, increasing permeability, and smart systems, were actively carried out from 2012 to 2016. Especially, unconverged technology of increasing permeability and the converged technology of directional drilling and smart system has been intensively developed. Some technological components of the critical technologies are more significant in the form of converged technology.

scholarly journals Progress of Technological Innovation of the United States’ Shale Petroleum Industry Based on Patent Data Association Rules

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6628
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yong-Gil Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Technological Developments

This study analyzed the technological progress of the United States’ shale and tight petroleum (natural gas and crude oil) industry based on the association rules of its patents. According to the findings, although the production of shale oil and gas began in 2007, evidence of increasing technological developments in this industry assessed by patent applications began to appear only in 2010. In addition, the results showed that two distinct technological domains developed in 2010. Moreover, frequently developed technology classification networks are likely to contribute to the growth of this industry.

Assessing the mechanical stability of horizontal boreholes in coal

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 797-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Vertical Wells ◽  
Borehole Stability ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Geophysical Logs ◽  
Coal Reserves

Horizontal wells are used in some geological settings in the petroleum industry to produce methane from coal seams. Horizontal directional drilling is used in the mining industry to enhance the effectiveness of coal degasification procedures and to aid in the delineation of coal reserves. Coals tend to be mechanically weak, hence they are prone to borehole instability related problems during drilling, completion, and production operations. This paper includes a review of the mechanical properties of selected coals and provides two empirical cross-plots that can be used for estimating coal strength from index tests and geophysical logs. Linear elastic borehole stability models are demonstrated to be appealing because they are easily implemented, require a minimum of input data, and are well suited to rapid parameter sensitivity analyses. Using experience obtained drilling vertical wells in a given setting, a methodology is described for calibrating linear elastic models to provide realistic borehole stability predictions. Furthermore, as demonstrated using a western Canadian example (a shallow well in the Ardley coal zone), relatively simple elastoplastic models can be used effectively for borehole stability analyses. The important effects of filter cake, coal depth, and rock strength anisotropy are demonstrated with two different elastoplastic models.Key words: borehole stability, coal, methane, directional drilling, strength, stress.

Smart Systems for the Protection of Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 755 ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tokody ◽  
Francesco Flammini
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
The Future ◽  
Safety Critical Systems ◽  
Safety Applications

Many Smart System technologies for Safety Critical Systems have advanced and have been sophisticated to such an extent that they can readily be applied to numerous practical safety applications. In the future, it is anticipated that Smart Systems will play an increasingly important role in technology development for Safety Critical Systems.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS IN INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM CHEMICAL COMPLEX IN SAMARA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Валерия Анисимова ◽  
Valeriya Anisimova
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Chemical Complex ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Petroleum Chemical

The structure of the petroleum chemical complex in the Samara region is presented. Basic indices of the petroleum chemical complex development in the region in 2014-2015 are analyzed. Key purposes and problems in the strategy of the Samara region development under current conditions are emphasized. Some methods to support further a positive dnamics in the development of petroleum industry are offered.

scholarly journals Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Ciprofloxacin and Lidocaine Improve Wound Healing in Deep Second Degree Burns and Reduce in Vitro Ciprofloxacin Cytotoxicity in Fibroblasts

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Sanchez ◽  
María Laura Guzman ◽  
Jesica Flores-Martín ◽  
Mariano Cruz Del Puerto ◽  
Carlos Laino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Performance ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Degree Burn ◽  
Ionic Complexation ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Improve Wound Healing ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract The development of new treatments capable of controlling infections and pain related to burns continues to be a challenge. Antimicrobials are necessary tools, but these can be cytotoxic for regenerating cells.In this study, antibiotic-anesthetic smart systems obtained by ionic complexation of polyelectrolytes with ciprofloxacin and lidocaine were obtained as film and hydrogel. The complexation of ciprofloxacin with natural polyelectrolytes efficiently contributed to increasing biocompatibility in a primary culture of isolated fibroblasts. In addition, the relative levels of the proteins integrin β1 and p-FAK involved in cell migration were increased with no modifications in cell mobility. Their evaluation in a deep second-degree burn model revealed fast reepithelization, with appendage conservation and complete dermis organization. Encouragingly, we found that both the film and the hydrogel showed a significantly superior performance compared to the reference treatment of silver sulfadiazine cream. This work highlights the great potential of this smart system as an attractive dressing for burns, which surpasses currently available treatments.

Using Patent Data to Explore Technology Trajectory and Trends of Shading Device

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 3402-3407
Author(s):  
Yu Ying Huang ◽  
Yi Kai Juan ◽  
Yeng Horng Perng
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patent Citation ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Patent Search ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Shading Device ◽  
States Patent

Shading devices for buildings are able to resist thermal radiation and decrease air conditioning load, this study used shading devices for buildings as an example, and conducted a patent search in the United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO). This study adopted bibliometric and social network analysis methods to portray the relation between citing and cited patents, to discover the patent main path, grasping the correlation between patent technologies and the overall industrial development. The purpose of this study was to construct patent citation networks, to trace the developmental context of key technologies and their diffusion. The results suggest that automated shading devices are the focus of current technological developments, contributing to rapid advancements and helping developers save time and costs.

scholarly journals Environmental Hazards: A Coverage Response Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Paul Croft
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Transdisciplinary Approach ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Future Viability

The rapid rise and implementation of Smart Systems (i.e., multi-functional observation and platform systems that depict settings and/or identify situations or features of interest, often in real-time) has inversely paralleled and readily exposed the reduced capacity of human and societal systems to effectively respond to environmental hazards. This overarching review and essay explores the complex set of interactions found among Smart, Societal, and Environmental Systems. The resulting rise in the poorly performing response solutions to environmental hazards that has occurred despite best practices, detailed forecast information, and the use and application of real-time in situ observational platforms are considered. The application of Smart Systems, relevant architectures, and ever-increasing numbers of applications and tools development by individuals as they interact with Smart Systems offers a means to ameliorate and resolve confounding found among all of the interdependent Systems. The interactions of human systems with environmental hazards further expose society’s complex operational vulnerabilities and gaps in response to such threats. An examination of decision-making, the auto-reactive nature of responses before, during, and after environmental hazards; and the lack of scalability and comparability are presented with regard to the prospects of applying probabilistic methods, cross-scale time and space domains; anticipated impacts, and the need to account for multimodal actions and reactions—including psycho-social contributions. Assimilation of these concepts and principles in Smart System architectures, applications, and tools is essential to ensure future viability and functionalities with regard to environmental hazards and to produce an effective set of societal engagement responses. Achieving the promise of Smart Systems relative to environmental hazards will require an extensive transdisciplinary approach to tie psycho-social behaviors directly with non-human components and systems in order to close actionable gaps in response. Pathways to achieve a more comprehensive understanding are given for consideration by the wide diversity of disciplines necessary to move forward in Smart Systems as tied with the societal response to environmental hazards.

The assessment of a smart system in hydroponic vertical farming via fuzzy MCDM methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. Cagri Tolga ◽  
Murat Basar
Keyword(s):  
Technology Selection ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Extra Food ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food

By 2050, the global population is estimated to rise to over 9 billion people, and the global food need is expected to ascend 50%. Moreover, by cause of climate change, agricultural production may decrease by 10%. Since cultivable land is constant, multi-layered farms are feasible alternatives to yield extra food from the unit land. Smart systems are logical options to assist production in these factory-like farms. When the amount of food grown per season is assessed, a single indoor hectare of a vertical farm could deliver yield equal to more than 30 hectares of land consuming 70% less water with nearly zero usage of pesticides. In this study, we evaluated technology selection for three vertical farm alternatives via MCDM methods. Even though commercial vertical farms are set up in several countries, area is still fresh and acquiring precise data is difficult. Therefore, we employed fuzzy logic as much as possible to overcome related uncertainties. WEDBA (Weighted Euclidean Distance Based Approximation) and MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) methods are employed to evaluate alternatives.

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