scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of the Dryout Limit of Oscillating Heat Pipes

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6346
Author(s):  
Florian Schwarz ◽  
Vladimir Danov ◽  
Alexander Lodermeyer ◽  
Alexander Hensler ◽  
Stefan Becker
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Vapor Quality ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Operating Limits ◽  
Experimental Approaches

The operating limits of oscillating heat pipes (OHP) are crucial for the optimal design of cooling systems. In particular, the dryout limit is a key factor in optimizing the functionality of an OHP. As shown in previous studies, experimental approaches to determine the dryout limit lead to contradictory results. This work proposes a compact theory to predict a dryout threshold that unifies the experimental and analytical data. The theory is based on the influence of vapor quality on the flow pattern. When the vapor quality exceeds a certain limit (x = 0.006), the flow pattern changes from slug flow to annular flow and the heat transfer decreases abruptly. The results indicate a uniform threshold value, which has been validated experimentally and by the literature. With that approach, it becomes possible to design an OHP with an optimized filling ratio and, hence, substantially improve its cooling abilities.

Influence of Vertical Return Bend on the Two-Phase Flow Pattern in 3-mm Minichannel

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing Youn Chen ◽  
Chi-Chung Wang ◽  
Pi-Shan Huang ◽  
Bing-Chwen Yang ◽  
Yu-Juei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Vapor Quality ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Total Mass Flux

This study provides a qualitatively visual observation of the two-phase flow patterns for air-water mixtures inside a 3 mm smooth tube with the presence of vertical return bend. The curvature ratio (2R/D) is 3.2 whereas the total mass flux is from 70 to 800 kg/m2 s. The flow can be either entering from the upper of the tube or from the lower tube. However, it is found that there is no great difference between those flow entering at the upper tube and that of the lower tube if the inlet mass flux and vapor quality is the same. For a mass flux of 70 kg/m2 s at a vapor quality to 0.009, as the flow is approaching the return bend, one can observe a fluctuating phenomenon at the tail of the long slug that leads to a liquid ripple around the periphery. When the air slug is trying to penetrate the preceding liquid in the return bend, the shape at the front of the air slug was sharpened. A further increase of the vapor quality to 0.05, the flow after the return bend was temporarily turned from stratified flow into the annular flow. At a higher mass flux of 300 kg/m2 s, unlike those flow pattern at 70 kg/m2 s, the increase of the vapor shear interacts with the centrifugal force and the accumulated liquid within the return bend forces the Taylor bubble to be completely disordered. There is no separating and re-merging phenomenon of the air slug for the slug flow pattern across the return bend even for a very low vapor quality of 0.001. This is quite different from those with larger diameter tube (Chen et al. 2002, Wang et al. 2003b, 2003c).

Operating Limits of Oscillating Heat Pipes

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiro Miyazaki ◽  
Frantisek Polasek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Operating Limits

scholarly journals Flow Pattern Map of Flow Boiling in a Rectangular Channel Filled with Porous Media

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2440
Author(s):  
Youngwoo Kim ◽  
Dae Yeon Kim ◽  
Kyung Chun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Flow Pattern Map ◽  
Mist Flow ◽  
Churn Flow

A flow visualization study was carried out for flow boiling in a rectangular channel filled with and without metallic random porous media. Four main flow patterns are observed as intermittent slug-churn flow, churn-annular flow, annular-mist flow, and mist flow regimes. These flow patterns are clearly classified based on the high-speed images of the channel flow. The results of the flow pattern map according to the mass flow rate were presented using saturation temperatures and the materials of porous media as variables. As the saturation temperatures increased, the annular-mist flow regime occupied a larger area than the lower saturation temperatures condition. Therefore, the churn flow regime is narrower, and the slug flow more quickly turns to annular flow with the increasing vapor quality. The pattern map is not significantly affected by the materials of porous media.

Upward Vertical Two-Phase Flow Through an Annulus—Part II: Modeling Bubble, Slug, and Annular Flow

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Caetano ◽  
O. Shoham ◽  
J. P. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Bubble Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Good Agreement

Mechanistic models have been developed for each of the existing two-phase flow patterns in an annulus, namely bubble flow, dispersed bubble flow, slug flow, and annular flow. These models are based on two-phase flow physical phenomena and incorporate annulus characteristics such as casing and tubing diameters and degree of eccentricity. The models also apply the new predictive means for friction factor and Taylor bubble rise velocity presented in Part I. Given a set of flow conditions, the existing flow pattern in the system can be predicted. The developed models are applied next for predicting the flow behavior, including the average volumetric liquid holdup and the average total pressure gradient for the existing flow pattern. In general, good agreement was observed between the experimental data and model predictions.

scholarly journals Behavior of a Horizontal Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow under Microgravity. Flow Pattern and Film Construction in Annular Flow Region.

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (555) ◽  
pp. 3286-3291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terushige FUJII ◽  
Takeshi NAKAZAWA ◽  
Hiroyuki YAMADA ◽  
Osamu MURAGISHI ◽  
Nobuyuki TAKENAKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

scholarly journals Active magnetocaloric heat pipes provide enhanced specific power of caloric refrigeration

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Maria Maier ◽  
Patrick Corhan ◽  
Alexander Barcza ◽  
Hugo A. Vieyra ◽  
Christian Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Today almost all refrigeration systems are based on compressors, which often require harmful refrigerants and typically reach 50% of the Carnot efficiency. Caloric cooling systems do not need any detrimental fluids and are expected to reach 60–70% of the Carnot limit. Current caloric systems utilise the active magnetocaloric regeneration principle and are quite cost-intensive, as it is challenging to achieve large cycle frequencies and thus high specific cooling powers with this principle. In this work, we present an alternative solution where the heat transfer from the heat exchangers to the caloric material is predicated on condensation and evaporation of a heat transfer fluid. Using thermal diodes, a directed heat flow is generated. Thereby we were able to build a cooling unit achieving a specific cooling power of 12.5 W g−1 at a cycle frequency of 20 Hz, which is one order of magnitude larger than the state-of-the-art.

Prediction of the Operating Limits of Revolving Helically Grooved Heat Pipes

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Klasing ◽  
S. K. Thomas ◽  
K. L. Yerkes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Operating Limits

Flow Boiling Visualization of R-134a in a Vertical Channel of Small Diameter

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudi Marti´n-Callizo ◽  
Bjo¨rn Palm ◽  
Wahib Owhaib ◽  
Rashid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Bubbly Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
R 134A ◽  
Heated Length

The present work reports on flow boiling visualization of refrigerant R-134a in a vertical circular channel with internal diameter of 1.33 mm and 235 mm in heated length. Quartz tube with a homogeneous ITO-coating is used allowing heating and simultaneous visualization. Flow patterns have been observed along the heated length with the aid of a digital camera with close-up lenses. From the flow boiling visualization, seven distinct two-phase flow patterns have been observed: Isolated bubbly flow, confined bubbly flow, slug flow, churn flow, slug-annular flow, annular flow, and mist flow. Two-phase flow pattern observations are presented in the form of flow pattern maps. Finally, the experimental flow pattern map is compared to models developed for conventional sizes as well as to a microscale map for air-water mixtures available in the literature, showing a large discrepancy.

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