scholarly journals An Optimal Peer-to-Peer Market Considering Modulating Heat Pumps and Photovoltaic Systems under the German Levy Regime

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5348
Author(s):  
Lissy Langer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Home Energy Management

The European Commission calls for more small-scale renewable energy producers to actively participate in the energy value chain. In this study, we model an illustrative peer-to-peer (P2P) market with tariffs based on the reservation prices of market participants under the German levy regime. The study is conducted by modeling representative residential buildings with home energy management systems, modulating heat pumps, and photovoltaics, in combination with electrical and thermal storage systems. The resulting mixed-integer linear program is solved over the course of a year, using a rolling horizon approach with a time resolution of one hour. By analyzing the cost- and discomfort-minimizing behavior of the market participants, we evaluate the current levy regime and propose two additional designs. We find that in the current case, a P2P market is not economically viable. Based on feed-in tariffs (FiT) and levies no agreeable market price can be found. With no FiT or reduced levies, all participants benefit from the P2P market. The market split—where each household sources their energy from—is altered only little by the specific details of the market design when staying in the agreeable price range. As prosumagers do not consume on the P2P market, they benefit only marginally from the reduced levies—consumers are most affected. Adjusting the regime could be a measure to rebalance the distribution of renewable energy benefits towards consumers in order to foster social cohesion. Our input data and the model written in the Julia JuMP programming language are available in an open-source format.

Enabling Small-Scale Actors to Operate on Markets of Energy and Ancillary Services

2019 ◽  
pp. 241-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Simonov ◽  
Luisa Tibiletti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Flexible Behavior ◽  
Structured Information ◽  
Power And Energy

Widespread renewable energy alters infrastructures and business by changing a way to balance between the demand and the offer. In customer-centered model, flexible economic behavior of small-scaled energy actors mitigates variability and uncertainty in flows of power and energy. Flexible cooperative behavior of many intraday market participants has a potential to reduce uncertainty in renewable energy flows. However, owners of small-scale renewable energy plants play limited market role. This chapter presents changed socio-economic and technology contexts and attracts attention to new challenges. New ICT enabler activates role of small-scale renewable energy actors by complementing their physical energy by structured information about the capacity and flexibility. In new market scenario, unpredictability of renewable energy is reduced by adding knowledge and exploiting better flexible behavior. Main conclusion is about using the information about flexibility to activate small-scale actors on real-time markets while improving ecological sustainability.

User Innovation and Peer Assistance in Small-Scale Renewable Energy Technologies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampsa Hyysalo ◽  
Jouni K. Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
User Innovation ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Peer Assistance

There have been many attempts to include citizens as more active players in the proliferation of renewable energy technologies. However, the roles that citizen users play in renewables proliferation are not limited to adoption, but include technological domestication, innovation, and market creation. This chapter first reviews innovation by citizen users in the early phases of small-scale renewable energy technologies (S-RET) technology development in wind turbines, solar collectors, and low-energy housing. It then examines user innovation and peer assistance in the later phases of diffusion in air-source and ground-source heat pumps, pellet-burning systems, and solar collectors. It reviews research user motivations, diffusion pathways, and peer intermediation, and pays particular attention to how the forms of innovative citizen energy communities are changing from locality-based community energy initiatives to distributed and Internet-mediated energy communities. The chapter concludes by drawing policy implications regarding user innovation and peer assistance in the transformation of energy systems.

scholarly journals Congestion Management of Microgrids With Renewable Energy Resources and Energy Storage Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaling Chen ◽  
Yinpeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Reliable Operation

With the increasing share of renewable energy resources in the microgrid, the microgrid faces more and more challenges in its reliable operation. One major challenge is the potential congestion caused by the uncoordinated operation of flexible demands such as heat pumps and the high penetration of renewable energy resources such as photovoltaics. Therefore, it is important to conduct microgrid energy management to ensure its reliable operation. The energy storage system (ESS) scheduling as an efficient means to alleviate congestion has been widely used. However, in the existing literature, the ESSs are usually scheduled by the microgrid system operator (MSO) in a direct control manner, which is impractical in the case where customers own ESSs and are willing to schedule ESSs by themselves. To resolve this issue, this study proposes a network reconfiguration integrated dynamic tariff–subsidy (DTS) congestion management method to utilize ESSs and network reconfiguration to alleviate congestion in microgrids caused by renewable energy resources and flexible demands. In the proposed method, the MSO controls sectionalization switches while customers or aggregators schedule ESSs in response to DTS to alleviate congestion. The DTS calculation model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model, considering heat pumps (HPs), ESSs, and reconfigurable microgrid topology. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively use ESSs and network topology to alleviate congestion and the MSO does not need to take over the scheduling of the ESS.

scholarly journals Validating Simulation Analysis of Solar PV System Assessment for Residential Buildings using Homer Software

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1305
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Dc Distribution ◽  
Micro Grid

The local supply and supply scheme called micro grid will become a significant chance due to the latest development of small scale distributed generators such as OV on demand side. Renewable energy structure has been far reaching due to ecological demands. The essence of the structure for renewable energy is very efficient in using distributed generation within the structure of the power scheme. The low voltage DC distribution system is becoming essential as the amount of DC applications is increasing in our regular needs. Power provided through the AC distribution mechanism of low voltage requires both AC/DC converter to delivers the DC batteries. MGs would be fitted battery like energy storage devices. Since PVs and batteries primarily operates through DC, it is possible to emphasize the benefit of the DC distribution scheme over AC production. This article recommends an ideal MG layout including AC and DC distribution device choice. This article also describes qualitatively the benefit of micro grid with DC production, termed as DCMG through housing client studies assuming different kinds of home appliances.

scholarly journals Control Strategy of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in Standalone Mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Nabil Qachchachi ◽  
Hassane Mahmoudi ◽  
Abdennebi El Hassnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Power System Control ◽  
Time Operation

The fluctuation of production of renewable energy resources (RESs) is a big problem for its installation and integration in isolated residential buildings. A hybrid AC/DC microgrid facilitates the good operation of RESs with a storage system in standalone mode and the possibilities of smart energy management. In this paper optimization research of the hybrid ac/dc microgrid in isolated mode of operation is presented. The power system is supplied by various Renewable Energy Resources (RESs), Photovoltaic arrays (PVA), a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), Diesel Generator (DG) and supported by Batteries Storage System (BSS) for short term storage. The main objective of this study is to optimize power flow within a hybrid ac/dc microgrid with regards to reliability in islanded mode. First a mathematical model optimized by mixed integer linear programming and solved by CPLEX solver with JAVA language is developed for an islanded RES system and then, based on the developed model, the power system control is simulated for different cases of off-grid mode. Simulation results have shown that the management strategy can maintain power balancing while performing optimized control and give a controllable loads and batteries charging/discharging powers, even with unpredictability of RESs powers outputs and arbitrary energy tariffs. Finally, the proposed algorithm respects the optimization in real-time operation under various constraints.%.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing of Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Systems for Residential Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Alessandro Franco ◽  
Fabio Fantozzi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimal Sizing

This paper analyzes the optimal sizing of a particular solution for renewable energy residential building integration. The solution combines a photovoltaic (PV) plant with a heat pump (HP). The idea is to develop a system that permits the maximum level of self-consumption of renewable energy generated by using a small-scale solar array installed on the same building. The problem is analyzed using data obtained from an experimental system installed in a building in Pisa, Italy. The residential house was equipped with a PV plant (about 3.7 kW of peak power), assisting a HP of similar electrical power (3.8 kW). The system was monitored for eight years of continuous operation. With reference to the data acquired from the long-term experimental analysis and considering a more general perspective, we discuss criteria and guidelines for the design of such a system. We focus on the possibility of exporting energy to the electrical grid, from the perspective of obtaining self-consumption schemes. Considering that one of the problems with small-scale PV plants is represented by the bidirectional energy flows from and to the grid, possible alternative solutions for the design are outlined, with both a size reduction in the plant and utilization of a storage system considered. Different design objectives are considered in the analysis.

scholarly journals Applying Solar PV to Heat Pump and Storage Technologies in Australian Houses

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5480
Author(s):  
Tom Simko ◽  
Mark B. Luther ◽  
Hong Xian Li ◽  
Peter Horan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

Innovative mechanical services coupled with renewable energy systems are crucial for achieving a net zero energy goal for houses. Conventional systems tend to be vastly oversized because they lack the means to buffer energy flows and are based on peak loads. This paper presents an approach to achieve a net zero energy goal for houses by using a solar PV system, heat pumps, and thermal and electrical storage batteries, all off-the-shelf. Constraining one part of the system and then showing how to manage energy storage and flow is a paradigm shift in sizing. The design is for a modest-sized house built in Melbourne, Australia. The output of a solar photovoltaic array drives a small-scale heat pump to heat water, buffering its energy in a thermal battery to energise a radiant space heating system. Space cooling is provided by a separate heat pump. Through energy storage in electrical and thermal batteries, it is possible to meet the electricity, heating and cooling needs of the house for the Melbourne climate with a heat pump that draws less than 1 kW. The design methodology is detailed in an appendix and can be applied to similar projects. This paper contributes to similar work worldwide that aims to reinforce innovative renewable energy driven service design.

scholarly journals Comparison of Economic Feasibility for Efficient Peer-to-Peer Electricity Trading of PV-Equipped Residential House in Korea

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Min Hee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Energy Trading ◽  
Electricity Trading ◽  
The Government

Since the sharing economy emerged as a new paradigm with the development of technology, the global sharing economy market has grown rapidly. In the energy sector, peer-to-peer energy trading is being conducted to share energy produced through renewable energy systems. In this study, in the situation where energy transactions among individuals are expected to expand in the future, the types of buildings and trading to secure the economics of energy trading were compared. The types of buildings were limited to residential buildings, and the economic efficiency according to energy performance was compared. Because the government has strengthened energy performance regulations, the performance varied depending on the time of construction. Therefore, building types were divided into existing houses, new houses, and zero-energy houses. The trading types were compared to the existing methods, net-metering and feed-in tariff for small-scale distributed PV systems, with P2P trading. Thus, consuming only the amount of electricity in Tier 1 and trading the rest between individuals was the most economical strategy in residential buildings to which the progressive tariff system was applied. As the performance of a building improves, the more electricity that can be traded, and the wider the range for securing economic feasibility.

Characterization of Stakeholders in the Value Chain and Commercialization Channels of String Cheese in Vega de Alatorre, Veracruz, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Liliana Gómez-Huesca ◽  
Pablo Díaz-Rivera ◽  
Ponciano Pérez-Hernández ◽  
Jorge Aguilar-Ávila ◽  
Julio Vilaboa-Arroniz
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Sales Contracts ◽  
Cattle Breeders

Purpose: Characterize Stakeholders in the Value Chain and CommercializationChannels of String Cheese in Vega de Alatorre, Veracruz, México.Methodology: The study was performed in the period June-August 2019, including 61surveys responded by milk producers and 22 dairy product processers (cheesemakers).Local Agri-food Systems (LAFS) and value chain approaches were applied.Results: The value chain of string cheese in this municipality consists of providers ofsupplies, dairy cattle breeders, gatherers, cheesemakers, sellers, and final consumers.String cheese is commercialized through 5 channels: (a) products are distributed bycheesemakers to wholesalers and retailers, (b) products are sold in food stores,establishments or restaurants within the region, (c) products are sold to distributors whobuy the product directly in the factory, d) direct sale in a grocery or traditional dairy storein the municipality and (e) products are sold at small-scale to final consumers in houses.Study Limitations: Distrust of some stakeholders to provide information for the study,due to the insecurity in the state of Veracruz. Conclusion: Limitations were found in the development and integration of the valuechain. The sale of cheese is carried out without sales contracts or cooperationagreements. Prices are set subjectively by the dominant stakeholder, and in order toinfluence the market price, producers and processors arbitrarily make conditional on thesupply or demand for milk and cheese, which creates market failures and inefficiencies.

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