scholarly journals Hygrothermal Analysis of Masonry Wall with Reed Boards as Interior Insulation System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5252
Author(s):  
Kadri Keskküla ◽  
Tambet Aru ◽  
Mihkel Kiviste ◽  
Martti-Jaan Miljan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Heating Cable ◽  
First Case ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Hygrothermal Analysis

When the masonry walls of buildings under heritage protection need to be restored and thermally improved, the only option is to use an interior insulation system. This is also the riskiest method of insulating walls in cold climates. Capillary active interior insulation systems have been proven to be the most reliable, minimizing the risk of mold growth and decay caused by condensation. They have also been proven to be less risky in wind-driven rain. The building studied is situated in a heritage-conservation area in downtown Tartu, Estonia, and therefore cannot be insulated from the exterior. This paper compares the hygrothermal performance of four different interior insulation systems with and without a heating cable and vapor barrier. In the first case, Isover Vario KM Duplex UV was placed between reed panels. In the second case, reed panels were used without the vapor barrier. Data loggers were applied between the reed panels and the original wall and inside the room to measure temperature and relative humidity in one-hour intervals. Exterior temperature and relative humidity values were taken from the Estonian University of Life Sciences Institute of Technology weather service station. In addition to the measurements taken in the case study building, calculations were made using heat-air-moisture (HAM) Delphin software to simulate the situation. The use of a smart vapor retarder (Isover Vario KM Duplex UV) with reed panels in the interior insulation system reduced the relative humidity level inside the wall. The vapor retarder improved the drying-potential compared to the interior insulation system without the vapor barrier.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Small Investors’ Demands on a Thermal Insulation System for a Family House: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Alena Tažiková ◽  
Zuzana Struková ◽  
Mária Kozlovská
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Small Investors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Family House

This study deals with small investors’ demands on thermal insulation systems when choosing the most suitable solution for a family house. By 2050, seventy percent of current buildings, including residential buildings, are still expected to be in operation. To reach carbon neutrality, it is necessary to reduce operational energy consumption and thus reduce the related cost of building operations and the cost of the life cycle of buildings. One solution is to adapt envelopes of buildings by proper insulation solutions. To choose an optimal thermal insulation system that will reduce energy consumption of building, it is necessary to consider the environmental cost of insulation materials in addition to the construction cost of the materials. The environmental cost of a material depends on the carbon footprint from the initial origin of the material. This study presents the results of a multi-criteria decision-making analysis, where five different contractors set the evaluation criteria for selection of the optimal thermal insulation system. In their decision-making, they involved the requirements of small investors. The most common requirements were selected: the construction cost, the construction time (represented by the total man-hours), the thermal conductivity coefficient, the diffusion resistance factor, and the reaction to fire. The confidences of the criteria were then determined with the help of the pairwise comparison method. This was followed by multi-criteria decision-making using the method of index coefficients, also known as the method of basic variant. The multi-criteria decision-making included thermal insulation systems based on polystyrene, mineral wool, thermal insulation plaster, and aerogels’ nanotechnology. As a result, it was concluded that, currently, in Slovakia, small investors emphasize the cost of material and the coefficient of thermal conductivity and they do not care as much about the carbon footprint of the material manufacturing, the importance of which is mentioned in this study.

Influence of Sulphate on the Moisture Movement of Calcium Silicate Brick Masonry Wall

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohamad H. Wan ◽  
B.H. Abu Bakar ◽  
M.A. Megat Johari ◽  
P.J. Ramadhansyah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Moisture Expansion ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Wet Condition

This paper presents the behaviour of moisture movement of calcium silicate brick masonry walls exposed to sodium sulphate environment. The walls were exposed to three sodium sulphate conditions with sulphate concentrations of5%, 10% and 15%. For comparison, some walls were also exposed to dry and wet condition which acts as a control conditions. All specimens were prepared and cured under polythene sheet for 14 days in a controlled environmental room and maintained at relative humidity and temperature of 80 ± 5% and 25 ± 2°C, respectively. After the curing period, the specimens were exposed to sodium sulphate as well as drying and water exposures, during which moisture movement was measured and monitored for a period of up to 7 months. As a result, the moisture expansion was observed and recorded for all masonry wall specimens after exposed to the sulphate condition.

Hygrothermal analysis of historic buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Entradas Silva ◽  
Fernando M.A. Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hygrothermal Analysis ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Temperate Climates

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to verify the applicability and efficiency of two statistical methods to obtain sustainable targets of temperature and relative humidity in historic buildings located in temperate climates. Design/methodology/approach – The data recorded along one year in a non-heated historic building in Lisbon (Portugal) was analysed with the two methodologies, EN 15757 and FCT-UNL. To evaluate their adequacy it was calculated the performance index for each target and it was verified the mechanical and biological degradation risks. Findings – While the use of the two approaches is suitable for temperate climates, there is a higher efficiency of the FCT-UNL methodology, allowing a better response for the three parameters in evaluation. Research limitations/implications – Despite the better results obtained, the FCT-UNL methodology was only tested for one city; therefore the application to other situations may be required to obtain more robust conclusions. Practical implications – The effectiveness of the FCT-UNL methodology to obtain sustainable climate targets can lead to important energy conservation in historic buildings and to contribute for the change of old approaches in the preventive conservation area. Originality/value – This paper provides a comparison between two recent methods. The results can lead to some advances in the science of preventive conservation, interesting to conservators and building physic scientists.

Electrical Insulation System Degradation Sensors: Improving Reliability of Power Generation and Distribution

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Sensor Output ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Conductive Composite ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Insulation Systems

As insulation systems of power system components such as electrical motors, generators and transformers degrade, they become brittle, crack and, eventually, fail to perform their intended function. Failure of the insulation system of these components often leads to costly power interruptions that could be prevented if the actual condition of the insulation system is known. The degradation mechanisms of modern insulation systems are highly dependent on the actual environmental and operational conditions of the component. Current methods to measure insulation system condition are often complex, expensive and require specialized training to interpret. In contrast, conductive composite sensors made of the same polymeric components as the insulation system itself monitor the actual environmentally and operationally induced degradation of the component insulation and provide a quick, objective indication of the current condition and remaining design life of the insulation. This innovative technology utilizes low-cost, inert conductive particles compounded with a portion of the insulation polymer to provide a tiny degradation sensor embedded into the winding, core or stator of the component. Sensor output correlates with the degraded state of the insulation system relative to standard industry thermal endurance testing, giving advanced warning of a degraded condition of the insulation system before design conditions are exceeded. Maintenance personnel, utilizing a simple ohmmeter, can read sensor output quickly and reliably without specialized equipment or training. Alternately, threshold-warning devices connected to the sensor provide constant monitoring. Conductive composite degradation sensors provide advance warning of prematurely degraded insulation systems and reduce the need for complex, intrusive and sometimes destructive electrical testing. Because conductive composite degradation sensors require no electrical power during the aging process, they are ideally suited to wireless, passive radio frequency identification (RFID), and “smart label” technologies.

scholarly journals Relation between energy use and indoor thermal environment in animal husbandry: a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Matteo Bilardo ◽  
Lorenzo Comba ◽  
Paolo Cornale ◽  
Andrea Costantino ◽  
Enrico Fabrizio
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Energy Consumptions

Climate control is of the foremost importance in structures for intensive animal rearing because many animals (e.g. pigs and broilers) tolerate a small range of climate conditions (mainly air temperature and relative humidity) that may differ considerably from the outdoor environment. For this reason, the indoor climate in the majority of structures for animal husbandry is guaranteed by HVAC systems. On the one hand, the use of mechanical systems makes it possible to avoid production risks due to the unpredictability of the outdoor weather conditions and to maximize the feed efficiency, with positive effects on both the animal welfare and farm profit. On the other hand, the use of HVAC entails not negligible thermal and electrical energy consumptions. In literature, few data about the real thermo-hygrometric conditions and energy consumption of animal houses are present. In this work (in the framework of the EPAnHaus – Energy Performance certification of Animal Houses –project), the results obtained from a long-term monitoring campaign in two growing-finishing pig houses are presented. The performed measurements concerned environmental parameters and electrical power that were acquired during two production cycles (warm and cool seasons). For the environmental monitoring, both the buildings were equipped with temperature and relative humidity sensors embedded in portable data loggers (10 minutes logging time) that were placed in various spots inside the houses. Outdoor data were obtained through a weather station located near the test site. Concerning the energy monitoring, power transducers connected to portable data loggers (10 seconds logging time) were placed in the electric panel of each house to log the electrical energy consumptions due to ventilation, lighting and automatic feeding. The acquired data were used for carrying out analysis concerning the indoor thermal environment, its characterization in relation with the animal welfare, the electrical energy uses and the existing relations between all these aspects. The obtained data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the HVAC system in guaranteeing the adequate indoor climate conditions (avoiding heat/cold stress conditions) and to identify electrical energy uses.

scholarly journals Transport of broilers: load microclimate during Brazilian summer

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. D. Barbosa Filho ◽  
Marília L. V. Queiroz ◽  
Daniel de F. Brasil ◽  
Frederico M. C. Vieira ◽  
Iran J. O. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Data Loggers

The objective of this study was to characterize the microclimatic profile of broiler transport trucks under commercial conditions, in the summer, by continuous monitoring of environmental variables (temperature and air relative humidity). Three loads were monitored from farm to slaughterhouse, considering factors such as distance and day periods (morning, afternoon, and night). To obtain the profile of the environmental variables during journey, data loggers, that determined the microclimate to which birds were submitted, were installed in the trucks; data loggers also allowed visualization of the Enthalpy Comfort Index (ECI) so that load regions could be classified according to heat comfort limits for 6-week old poultries. Temperature, relative humidity, and ECI in the truck were analyzed, using geostatistics, by the ordinary kriging method. The afternoon was the most critical period, and truck central and rear regions were most problematic for chickens, thus most susceptible to losses.

The Research on the Development and Application of the Exterior Heat Insulation Material System in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 988-992
Author(s):  
Shuang Mei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Material System ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Heat Insulation Material ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
New Type ◽  
Composite Wall ◽  
Heat Preservation

This thesis analyzes the current situation of the heat insulation system of composite wall in China. Through comparison, it points out that heat insulation system is the trend of the development for heat preservation and energy saving, and meanwhile, it gives direction for further research to several different new type heat insulation systems.

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