scholarly journals A New Data-Based Dust Estimation Unit for PV Panels

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa. F. Shaaban ◽  
Amal Alarif ◽  
Mohamed Mokhtar ◽  
Usman Tariq ◽  
Ahmed H. Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dust Accumulation

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is playing a major role in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) smart grid infrastructure. However, one of the challenges facing PV-based energy systems is the dust accumulation on solar panels. Dust accumulation on solar panels results in a high degradation in the output power. The UAE has low intensity rainfall and wind velocity; therefore solar panels must be cleaned manually or using automated cleaning methods. Estimating dust accumulation on solar panels will increase the output power and reduce maintenance costs by initiating cleaning actions only when required. In this paper, the impact of natural dust accumulation on solar panels is investigated using field measurements and regression modeling. Experimental data were collected under various real weather conditions and controlled levels of dust. Moreover, this paper proposes a data-driven approach based on machine learning to estimate the accumulated dust level on solar panels. In this approach, a dust estimation unit based on a regression tree model has been developed to estimate the dust accumulation. This unit is trained using experimental records of solar irradiance, ambient temperature, and the output power generated from solar panels as well as the amount of dust at these conditions. The proposed unit is evaluated through different case studies with a random amount of dust applied to the solar panels to demonstrate the accurate performance of the proposed unit.

scholarly journals Rain concentration and sheltering effect of solar panels on cultivated plots

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1285-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassin Elamri ◽  
Bruno Cheviron ◽  
Annabelle Mange ◽  
Cyril Dejean ◽  
François Liron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Support Tube ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Sheltering Effect ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Agrivoltaism is the association of agricultural and photovoltaic energy production on the same land area, coping with the increasing pressure on land use and water resources while delivering clean and renewable energy. However, the solar panels located above the cultivated plots also have a seemingly yes unexplored effect on rain redistribution, sheltering large parts of the plot but redirecting concentrated fluxes on a few locations. The spatial heterogeneity in water amounts observed on the ground is high in the general case; its dynamical patterns are directly attributable to the mobile panels through their geometrical characteristics (dimensions, height, coverage percentage) and the strategies selected to rotate them around their support tube. A coefficient of variation is used to measure this spatial heterogeneity and to compare it with the coefficient of uniformity that classically describes the efficiency of irrigation systems. A rain redistribution model (AVrain) was derived from literature elements and theoretical grounds and then validated from experiments in both field and controlled conditions. AVrain simulates the effective rain amounts on the plot from a few forcing data (rainfall, wind velocity and direction) and thus allows real-time strategies that consist in operating the panels so as to limit the rain interception mainly responsible for the spatial heterogeneities. Such avoidance strategies resulted in a sharp decrease in the coefficient of variation, e.g. 0.22 vs. 2.13 for panels held flat during one of the monitored rain events, which is a fairly good uniformity score for irrigation specialists. Finally, the water amounts predicted by AVrain were used as inputs to Hydrus-2D for a brief exploratory study on the impact of the presence of solar panels on rain redistribution at shallow depths within soils: similar, more diffuse patterns were simulated and were coherent with field measurements.

scholarly journals Solar/wind pumping system with forecasting in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2752
Author(s):  
Waleed Obaid ◽  
Abdul-Kadir Hamid ◽  
Chaouki Ghenai
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Three Phase

This paper demonstrates a water pumping hybrid power system design. The proposed system was designed for water related applications in Sharjah (Latitude 25.29 °N and Longitude 55 °E), United Arab Emirates. The proposed water hybrid system has two primary renewable power systems: solar PV panels and wind turbines. The proposed hybrid system considers the changes in weather conditions (humidity, wind speed, and temperature) since wind speed affects the performance of the wind turbines and solar panels are affected by solar irradiance. The following components are involved in the proposed design: battery (to store the power from solar panels), voltage regulator circuit (for getting stable DC voltage), three-phase rectifier (to convert the reduced AC voltage to DC), three-phase transformer (for reducing the obtained AC voltage), and DC electric motor (the main output of the proposed water pumping system). The proposed water pumping system relies on neural network blocks to achieve weather forecasting by obtaining solar irradiance values from the input temperature, wind speed, and humidity in a span of five years. Both MATLAB and Simulink are used simulate the performance of the proposed system under different weather conditions by changing the values according to the measured weather conditions values over five years.

On the investigation of photovoltaic output power reduction due to dust accumulation and weather conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 836-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makbul A.M. Ramli ◽  
Eka Prasetyono ◽  
Ragil W. Wicaksana ◽  
Novie A. Windarko ◽  
Khaled Sedraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Power Reduction ◽  
Dust Accumulation

scholarly journals Rain concentration and sheltering effect of solar panels on cultivated plots

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassin Elamri ◽  
Bruno Cheviron ◽  
Annabelle Mange ◽  
Cyril Dejean ◽  
François Liron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Support Tube ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Sheltering Effect ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Agrivoltaism is the association of agricultural and photovoltaic energy production on the same land area, coping with the increasing pressure on land use and water resources while delivering a clean and renewable energy. However the solar panels located above the cultivated plots also have a seemingly unexplored yet effect on rain redistribution, sheltering large parts of the plot but redirecting concentrated fluxes on a few locations. The spatial heterogeneity in water amounts observed on the ground is high in the general case; its dynamical patterns are directly attributable to the mobile panels through their geometrical characteristics (dimensions, height, coverage percentage) and the strategies selected to rotate them around their support tube. A coefficient of variation is used to measure this spatial heterogeneity and to compare it with the coefficient of uniformity that classically describes the efficiency of irrigation systems. A rain redistribution model (AVrain) was derived from literature elements and theoretical grounds then validated from experiments in both field and controlled conditions. AVrain simulates the effective rain amounts on the plot from a few forcing data (rainfall, wind velocity and direction) thus allows real-time strategies that consist in operating the panels so as to limit rain interception mainly responsible for the spatial heterogeneities. Such avoidance strategies resulted in a sharp decrease of the coefficient of variation, e.g. 0.22 against 2.13 for panels held flat during one of the monitored rain events, that is a fairly good uniformity score for irrigation specialists. Finally, the water amounts predicted by AVrain were used as inputs to HYDRUS-2D for a brief exploratory study on the impact of the presence of solar panels on rain redistribution at shallow depths within soils : similar, more diffuse patterns were simulated and coherent with field measurements.

Procedure for combining field measurements and machine learning to quantify impact of different track parameters on ride quality of railway tracks

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972110026
Author(s):  
Alireza Roghani ◽  
Raman Pall ◽  
Elton Toma
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
The Impact

Ride quality in terms of vibration is a fundamental factor affecting passengers’ satisfaction. Every year, passenger carriers invest significantly in various aspects of their system, including track and infrastructure, to improve ride quality. The assessment of ride quality and understanding the extent of the impact of different parameters on its magnitude is essential for railway operators to make informed decisions regarding capital expenditures. This paper presents a methodology for using machine learning techniques to find the correlation between various parameters (including train speed, weather conditions, presence of track features, and composition of the track substructure) and ride quality (quantified using measurements from accelerometers mounted on a rail car). The statistical model was developed using field measurements collected over a 50 km section of VIA Rail’s track in Canada. This paper describes the collected field data, the development of the statistical model, and discusses the importance of each parameter on the accuracy of the model.

The Studies of Optimal Arranging of the Solar Photovoltaic Battery Array and Optimal Matching of Power System for a Parking Garage

2013 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Long Xu ◽  
Qi Rong Yang ◽  
Meng Du ◽  
Zhi Qiang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Parking Garage ◽  
External Conditions

The output power of the photovoltaic battery array of a solar parking garage is affected by two factors of arranging form and external conditions. Firstly, a solar parking garage in Qingdao is taken as an example. A simulation model of its solar panel square is established based on Matlab/S-Fcn/Simulink. The GX-120 solar panel with the size of 1250mm×808mm is taken as an example. And the normal external conditions and the principle of maximum output power in one year are also considered. Simulation results based on Matlab/S-Fcn/Simulink demonstrate that solar panels should be put on the dip angle of 30，with the span of 1605mm between two row. 28 solar panels can be arranged on the top of the parking space. Secondly, an experiment setup is established in order to simulate the electricity generating process by solar panels and parking process. Two GX-120 solar panels are employed as power generation device, while two 12V, 195AH storage batteries are employed as energy storage device. A direct 24V electromotor with hydromantic pressure 18MPa device is applied as simulation load, which can demonstrate the ascending and descending process in the parking space. The experiment studies the performance of the solar panels under different weather conditions. Results show that generating capacity of two pieces of panels can make a parking unit work eleven times, five times, one time and six times separately under four kinds of weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, rainy, and foggy day). The energy matching principle is that the parking lot only can provide 6.85 kilowatt for electric vehicles one day in the condition that each parking space parks cars four times every day in order to meet the continuous use of the parking garage. The rest of electricity must be storied in the battery.

scholarly journals Impact of Users’ Behavior and Real Weather Conditions on the Energy Consumption of Tenement Houses in Wroclaw, Poland: Energy Performance Gap Simulation Based on a Model Calibrated by Field Measurements

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6707
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa ◽  
Ewelina Stefanowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Piechurski ◽  
Agnieszka Chmielewska ◽  
Marek Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of measuring the final energy consumption for heating and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation and indoor conditions in 15 apartments located in pre-war tenement houses. The measurements were compared to the computed energy consumption. The calculations ware made based on the model calibrated by field measurements. The discrepancies between measurements and calculations were assessed using the energy performance gap (EPG). Calculations were made separately for energy for heating and for DHW preparation. Additionally, the results of EPG calculations for different levels of analysis are presented aiming at assessing the impact of weather, temperature in the surrounding zones and users’ behavior. Users’ behaviors influencing the size of the EPG were divided into typical (energy saving or excessive energy consumption) and forced (energy poverty, response to the apartment’s surroundings, technical limitations. The connection between the heating sources and the heating habits has been clearly observed in the research. The former (typical) behaviors were the origin of the energy gap in the apartments heated with natural gas and district heating. The latter (forced) were the origin of the gap in the apartments heated with mostly electricity and solid fuel (with one exception: one apartment that utilized the district heating).

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

Sediment transport under dry weather conditions in a small sewer system

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Flemming Schlütter ◽  
Kjeld Schaarup-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Initial Results

Increased knowledge of the processes which govern the transport of solids in sewers is necessary in order to develop more reliable and applicable sediment transport models for sewer systems. Proper validation of these are essential. For that purpose thorough field measurements are imperative. This paper renders initial results obtained in an ongoing case study of a Danish combined sewer system in Frejlev, a small town southwest of Aalborg, Denmark. Field data are presented concerning estimation of the sediment transport during dry weather. Finally, considerations on how to approach numerical modelling is made based on numerical simulations using MOUSE TRAP (DHI 1993).

scholarly journals India’s Commitments to Increase Tree and Forest Cover: Consequences for Water Supply and Agriculture Production within the Central Indian Highlands

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Benjamin Clark ◽  
Ruth DeFries ◽  
Jagdish Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Central India ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Impact

As part of its nationally determined contributions as well as national forest policy goals, India plans to boost tree cover to 33% of its land area. Land currently under other uses will require tree-plantations or reforestation to achieve this goal. This paper examines the effects of converting cropland to tree or forest cover in the Central India Highlands (CIH). The paper examines the impact of increased forest cover on groundwater infiltration and recharge, which are essential for sustainable Rabi (winter, non-monsoon) season irrigation and agricultural production. Field measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) linked to hydrological modeling estimate increased forest cover impact on the CIH hydrology. Kfs tests in 118 sites demonstrate a significant land cover effect, with forest cover having a higher Kfs of 20.2 mm hr−1 than croplands (6.7mm hr−1). The spatial processes in hydrology (SPHY) model simulated forest cover from 2% to 75% and showed that each basin reacts differently, depending on the amount of agriculture under paddy. Paddy agriculture can compensate for low infiltration through increased depression storage, allowing for continuous infiltration and groundwater recharge. Expanding forest cover to 33% in the CIH would reduce groundwater recharge by 7.94 mm (−1%) when converting the average cropland and increase it by 15.38 mm (3%) if reforestation is conducted on non-paddy agriculture. Intermediate forest cover shows however shows potential for increase in net benefits.

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