scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake in the Roadmap 2050 of the Spanish Cement Industry

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Sanjuán ◽  
Cristina Argiz ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Aniceto Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Zero Carbon

The European Green Deal and its endeavors will make rapid and far-reaching decisions with major implications for the European cement industry in the short- and longer-term. Accordingly, new measures should be dealt with quickly and effectively to minimize the adverse impact on global warming and global climate change by this sector. The aim of this study is to show and assess the measures to be undertaken to reach carbon neutrality by the Spanish cement industry by 2050. They may be categorized into three broad types based on the main materials: clinker, cement, and concrete. The cement sector must implement breakthrough initiatives, inventions, and technologies regarding the clinker and cement production processes. Furthermore, carbon dioxide uptake by cement-based materials must be considered to achieve the carbon neutrality objective. Accordingly, two methodologies named simplified and advanced, consistent with Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories elaborated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), were selected to model the carbon offsetting by mortars and concretes. Finally, the existing climate change mitigation technologies available in Spain are insufficient to reach the net zero carbon footprint. Therefore, breakthrough technologies such as novel and efficient carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies should be implemented by the Spanish cement industry to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions in 2050.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Cement-Based Materials: A Spanish Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Sanjuán ◽  
Carmen Andrade ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Aniceto Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Cement Based Materials

The European parliament has declared a global “climate and environmental emergency” on 28 November 2019. Given that, climate change is a clear strategic issue all around the world. Then, greenhouse gas emissions are reported by each country to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) every year. In addition, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” give the procedure to calculate and manage the national greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. However, these guidelines do not provide any method to consider the net carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere (released in clinker fabrication minus those due to concrete carbonation) by the Portland cement clinker industry. This topic should be implemented in the climatic models of the next IPCC assessment report. This paper provides an easy procedure of estimating net CO2 emissions proposed in the “recarbonation project” (simplified method); that is to say, carbon dioxide uptake during the service-life stage is considered as the 20% of the CO2 released by the calcination (process emissions), whereas the end-of-life and secondary usage is only the 3% of the CO2 released by calcination. The outcome of this study reveals that 31,290.753 tons of carbon dioxide will be absorbed by the cement-based materials produced in Spain with the cements manufactured from 2005 to 2015.

The case for long-term studies of greenhouse gas emissions

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM NEWCOMB
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Long Term Studies

Many nations have recognized the need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The scientific assessments of climate change of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) support the need to reduce GHG emissions. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 Convention on Climate Change (UNTS 30822) has now been signed by more than 65 countries, although that Protocol has not yet entered into force. Some 14 of the industrialized countries listed in the Protocol face reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of more than 10% compared to projected 1997 carbon dioxide emissions (Najam & Page 1998).

scholarly journals The Concrete Incorporated with Zeolite for Reducing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2117-2121
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

The Intergovernmental Panel on climate changes have concluded that- Most paths to halting global temperature increases at 2 degrees and every way to decrease it to 1.5 degrees depend on adopting methods of sucking CO2 from the sky. “CO2 removal has gone from a moral hazard to a moral imperative," says Julio Fried Mann senior research scholar at the Center for Global Energy Policy at Columbia University. There are many industries emitting the flue gases which include steam, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide. One such industry which emits carbon dioxide is cement industry. A single cement industry accounts for around 5 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Concrete is the second most widely used material on earth after the water. Concrete is used for wide range of applications like construct buildings, bridges, roads, runways, sidewalks, and dams. So, here’s the concrete with zeolite powder and zeolite sand that captures the carbon dioxide from the ambient air and reduces the atmospheric carbon dioxide making it eco-friendly. Also addition of zeolite to the concrete improves the mechanical strength of the concrete. It is more durable than the ordinary Portland cement. In this review paper, we will discuss the performance and properties of concrete incorporated with zeolite.

scholarly journals Analysis of Global Policy and Impact on Automobile Industry under Carbon Neutrality

2021 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Qirong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Zero Carbon

“Carbon Neutrality” means that enterprises, groups, or individuals calculate the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced directly or indirectly within a certain period and offset their Carbon dioxide emissions through afforestation, energy conservation, and emission reduction to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions. Since 2020, the commitment to Carbon Neutrality has been paid attention to by various industries. Particularly, in the car industry, “Carbon Neutrality” has almost become one of the hottest directions. This paper focuses on policymaking and its impact on the automotive industry in the context of carbon neutrality. It is concluded that Carbon Neutrality is a problem that automobile enterprises must face. Automobile enterprises should set targets and time nodes related to Carbon Neutrality as soon as possible and speed up implementing specific measures. In addition, electric and new energy vehicles are more conducive to carbon emissions and carbon neutral transportation. Its development should also be put on the agenda.

Gamification of global climate change: an experimental analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos A. Nastis ◽  
Eirini Grammatiki Pagoni
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The global climate system poses important challenges for the perception and understanding of its functioning from policymakers and the general public. The aim of the paper is to model through gamification, the evolution of understanding regarding the dynamics of climate change and climate change adaptation. Using a framework with repeated feedback loops, the impact of the rate of carbon dioxide absorption by natural ecosystems, the stochastic nature of economic systems and the stochastic and irreversible nature of global climate are analyzed, with the Dynamic Climate Change Simulator with Stochastic and Irreversible Climate Change. The simulator game models one control variable, carbon dioxide emissions and one stock variable, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. In addition, the rate of carbon dioxide absorption by natural ecosystems is modeled, with business cycle shocks and climate change tipping points. The ability to control carbon dioxide concentrations to a goal level is evaluated and policy insights are provided about how learning about the dynamics of the Earth’s climate through gamification can be advanced.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Mortars and Concretes Made with Portuguese Cements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Sanjuán ◽  
Carmen Andrade ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Aniceto Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Advanced Method ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Simplified Method

As the cement industry continues to address its role in the climate crisis, Portugal’s cement industry has started to calculate its net CO2 emissions to become an entirely carbon neutral sector. These emissions are calculated by simply subtracting the total CO2 uptake due to mortar and concrete carbonation from the total CO2 that is emitted during the calcination process (clinker production). However, the procedures given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories to report GHG emissions do not contain any element that would grant this calculation method the status of an internationally recognized procedure. Therefore, some climate models are not accurate because they do not account for the carbon dioxide uptake due to concrete and mortar carbonation, as is evidenced in this paper. Climate models have improved since the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), but they can further improve by implementing carbon dioxide uptake by cement-based materials. In the present paper, a quick and easy method of evaluating net CO2 emissions is utilized (simplified method) along with an advanced method. Portuguese net CO2 emissions of the cement produced from 2005 to 2015 were calculated while taking carbon dioxide uptake during the service-life and end-of-life and secondary usage stages into account. Following the simplified method, 8.7 million tons of carbon dioxide were found to be uptake by mortars and concretes made with Portuguese cement over the ten-year period, in which 37.8 million tons were released due to the calcination process. In addition, an advanced method has been used to estimate the carbon dioxide uptake, which provided only slightly higher results than that of the simplified method (9.1 million tons).

scholarly journals Czech Building Stock: Renovation Wave Scenarios and Potential for CO2 Savings until 2050

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Antonín Lupíšek ◽  
Tomáš Trubačík ◽  
Petr Holub
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
National Debate ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Change Mitigation

One of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases is the operation of building stock. Improving its energy efficiency has the potential to significantly contribute to achieving climate change mitigation targets. The purpose of this study was to roughly estimate such potential for the operation of the national building stock of Czechia to steer the national debate on the development of related national plans. The estimation is based on a simplified energy model of the Czech building stock that consists of sub-models of residential and nonresidential building stocks, for which their future energy consumptions, shares of energy carriers and sources, and emission factors were modeled in four scenarios. Uncertainties from the approximation of the emission factors were investigated in a sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the operation of the Czech building stock in 2016 totaled 36.9 Mt CO2, which represented 34.6% of the total national carbon dioxide emissions. The four building stock scenarios could produce reductions in the carbon dioxide emissions of between 28% and 93% by 2050, when also considering on-side production from photovoltaics. The implementation of the most ambitious scenario would represent a drop in national CO2 yearly emissions by 43.2% by 2050 (compared to 2016).

scholarly journals Sustainable healthcare – Time for ‘Green Podiatry’

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Margaret Evans
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Foot Health

Abstract Background Healthcare aims to promote good health and yet demonstrably contributes to climate change, which is purported to be ‘the biggest global health threat of the 21st century’. This is happening now, with healthcare as an industry representing 4.4% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Main body Climate change promotes health deficits from many angles; however, primarily it is the use of fossil fuels which increases atmospheric carbon dioxide (also nitrous oxide, and methane). These greenhouse gases prevent the earth from cooling, resulting in the higher temperatures and rising sea levels, which then cause ‘wild weather’ patterns, including floods, storms, and droughts. Particular vulnerability is afforded to those already health compromised (older people, pregnant women, children, wider health co-morbidities) as well as populations closer to equatorial zones, which encompasses many low-and-middle-income-countries. The paradox here, is that poorer nations by spending less on healthcare, have lower carbon emissions from health-related activity, and yet will suffer most from global warming effects, with scant resources to off-set the increasing health care needs. Global recognition has forged the Paris agreement, the United Nations sustainable developments goals, and the World Health Organisation climate change action plan. It is agreed that most healthcare impact comes from consumption of energy and resources, and the production of greenhouse gases into the environment. Many professional associations of medicine and allied health professionals are advocating for their members to lead on environmental sustainability; the Australian Podiatry Association is incorporating climate change into its strategic direction. Conclusion Podiatrists, as allied health professionals, have wide community engagement, and hence, can model positive environmental practices, which may be effective in changing wider community behaviours, as occurred last century when doctors stopped smoking. As foot health consumers, our patients are increasingly likely to expect more sustainable practices and products, including ‘green footwear’ options. Green Podiatry, as a part of sustainable healthcare, directs us to be responsible energy and product consumers, and reduce our workplace emissions.

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