scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Mortars and Concretes Made with Portuguese Cements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Sanjuán ◽  
Carmen Andrade ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Aniceto Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Advanced Method ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Simplified Method

As the cement industry continues to address its role in the climate crisis, Portugal’s cement industry has started to calculate its net CO2 emissions to become an entirely carbon neutral sector. These emissions are calculated by simply subtracting the total CO2 uptake due to mortar and concrete carbonation from the total CO2 that is emitted during the calcination process (clinker production). However, the procedures given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories to report GHG emissions do not contain any element that would grant this calculation method the status of an internationally recognized procedure. Therefore, some climate models are not accurate because they do not account for the carbon dioxide uptake due to concrete and mortar carbonation, as is evidenced in this paper. Climate models have improved since the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), but they can further improve by implementing carbon dioxide uptake by cement-based materials. In the present paper, a quick and easy method of evaluating net CO2 emissions is utilized (simplified method) along with an advanced method. Portuguese net CO2 emissions of the cement produced from 2005 to 2015 were calculated while taking carbon dioxide uptake during the service-life and end-of-life and secondary usage stages into account. Following the simplified method, 8.7 million tons of carbon dioxide were found to be uptake by mortars and concretes made with Portuguese cement over the ten-year period, in which 37.8 million tons were released due to the calcination process. In addition, an advanced method has been used to estimate the carbon dioxide uptake, which provided only slightly higher results than that of the simplified method (9.1 million tons).

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake in the Roadmap 2050 of the Spanish Cement Industry

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Sanjuán ◽  
Cristina Argiz ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Aniceto Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Zero Carbon

The European Green Deal and its endeavors will make rapid and far-reaching decisions with major implications for the European cement industry in the short- and longer-term. Accordingly, new measures should be dealt with quickly and effectively to minimize the adverse impact on global warming and global climate change by this sector. The aim of this study is to show and assess the measures to be undertaken to reach carbon neutrality by the Spanish cement industry by 2050. They may be categorized into three broad types based on the main materials: clinker, cement, and concrete. The cement sector must implement breakthrough initiatives, inventions, and technologies regarding the clinker and cement production processes. Furthermore, carbon dioxide uptake by cement-based materials must be considered to achieve the carbon neutrality objective. Accordingly, two methodologies named simplified and advanced, consistent with Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories elaborated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), were selected to model the carbon offsetting by mortars and concretes. Finally, the existing climate change mitigation technologies available in Spain are insufficient to reach the net zero carbon footprint. Therefore, breakthrough technologies such as novel and efficient carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies should be implemented by the Spanish cement industry to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions in 2050.

scholarly journals Decarbonisation of calcium carbonate at atmospheric temperatures and pressures, with simultaneous CO2 capture, through production of sodium carbonate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Hanein ◽  
Marco Simoni ◽  
Chun Long Woo ◽  
John L Provis ◽  
Hajime Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The calcination of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a major contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that are changing our climate. Moreover, the calcination process requires high temperatures (~900°C). A novel...

scholarly journals The Concrete Incorporated with Zeolite for Reducing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2117-2121
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

The Intergovernmental Panel on climate changes have concluded that- Most paths to halting global temperature increases at 2 degrees and every way to decrease it to 1.5 degrees depend on adopting methods of sucking CO2 from the sky. “CO2 removal has gone from a moral hazard to a moral imperative," says Julio Fried Mann senior research scholar at the Center for Global Energy Policy at Columbia University. There are many industries emitting the flue gases which include steam, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide. One such industry which emits carbon dioxide is cement industry. A single cement industry accounts for around 5 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Concrete is the second most widely used material on earth after the water. Concrete is used for wide range of applications like construct buildings, bridges, roads, runways, sidewalks, and dams. So, here’s the concrete with zeolite powder and zeolite sand that captures the carbon dioxide from the ambient air and reduces the atmospheric carbon dioxide making it eco-friendly. Also addition of zeolite to the concrete improves the mechanical strength of the concrete. It is more durable than the ordinary Portland cement. In this review paper, we will discuss the performance and properties of concrete incorporated with zeolite.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Cement-Based Materials: A Spanish Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Sanjuán ◽  
Carmen Andrade ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Aniceto Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Cement Based Materials

The European parliament has declared a global “climate and environmental emergency” on 28 November 2019. Given that, climate change is a clear strategic issue all around the world. Then, greenhouse gas emissions are reported by each country to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) every year. In addition, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” give the procedure to calculate and manage the national greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. However, these guidelines do not provide any method to consider the net carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere (released in clinker fabrication minus those due to concrete carbonation) by the Portland cement clinker industry. This topic should be implemented in the climatic models of the next IPCC assessment report. This paper provides an easy procedure of estimating net CO2 emissions proposed in the “recarbonation project” (simplified method); that is to say, carbon dioxide uptake during the service-life stage is considered as the 20% of the CO2 released by the calcination (process emissions), whereas the end-of-life and secondary usage is only the 3% of the CO2 released by calcination. The outcome of this study reveals that 31,290.753 tons of carbon dioxide will be absorbed by the cement-based materials produced in Spain with the cements manufactured from 2005 to 2015.

scholarly journals Are economists getting climate dynamics right and does it matter?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armon Rezai ◽  
Simon Dietz ◽  
Frederick van der Ploeg ◽  
Frank Venmans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Climate Dynamics ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Positive Feedbacks ◽  
Carbon Prices

<p>We show that several of the most important economic models of climate change produce climate dynamics inconsistent with the current crop of models in climate science. First, most economic models exhibit far too long a delay between an impulse of CO2 emissions and warming. Second, few economic models incorporate positive feedbacks in the carbon cycle, whereby CO2 uptake by carbon sinks diminishes at the margin with increasing cumulative CO2 uptake and temperature. These inconsistencies affect economic prescriptions to abate CO2 emissions. Controlling for how the economy is represented, different climate models result in significantly different optimal CO2 emissions. A long delay between emissions and warming leads to optimal carbon prices that are too low and too much sensitivity of optimal carbon prices to the discount rate. Omitting positive carbon cycle feedbacks also leads to optimal carbon prices that are too low. We conclude it is important for policy purposes to bring economic models in line with the state of the art in climate science.</p>

scholarly journals The transient sensitivity of sea level rise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslak Grinsted ◽  
Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Transient Climate Response ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. Recent assessments from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change implies that global mean sea level is unlikely to rise more than about 1.1 m within this century, but with further increase beyond 2100, even within the most intensive future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission scenarios. However, some studies conclude that considerably greater sea level rise could be realized, and experts assign a substantially higher likelihood of such a future. To understand this discrepancy, it would be useful to have scenario independent metrics that can be compared between different approaches. The concept of a transient climate response has proven to be useful to compare the response of climate models. Here, we introduce a similar metric for sea level science. By analyzing mean rate of change in sea level (not sea level itself), we identify a near linear relationship with global mean surface temperature (and therefore accumulated carbon dioxide emissions) in both model projections, and in observations on a century time scale. This motivates us to define the Transient Sea Level Sensitivity as the increase in the sea level rate associated with a given warming in units of m/century/K. We find that model projections fall below extrapolation based on recent observational records. This comparison indicates that the likely upper level of sea level projections in recent IPCC reports would be too low.

scholarly journals Aptidão climática da mangueira frente ao clima atual e aos cenários futuros (Climatic aptitude for mango crop under actual and future climate scenarios)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura ◽  
Leide Dayane da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Sílvio Roberto Medeiros Evangelista ◽  
Maria Aparecida do Carmo Mouco ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a aptidão climática para a cultura da manga para o clima atual e cenários futuros do IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas) no Brasil. As condições climáticas ideais para a cultura da manga utilizados neste estudo foram padronizadas para o Brasil de acordo com documentos Zoneamento de Riscos Climáticos Agrícola. Para o zoneamento futuro da manga foram utilizados os dados de temperatura do ar e precipitação gerar por PRECIS e modelos ETA-CPTEC para os cenários de altas e baixas emissões de dióxido de carbono do IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas), para as condições atuais (de base), 2025 e 2055. Foi utilizado sistema de informação geográfica para elaborar os mapas e tabelas. Os resultados indicam que pode haver reduções nas áreas apropriadas para o cultivo de manga no Brasil, considerando-se os modelos climáticos gerados pelo ETA e PRECIS. Assim, o manejo da cultura da manga deve ser adaptado para tornar possível obter produção satisfatória em cenários de baixa disponibilidade hídrica e aumento da temperatura. This work aimed to analyze the climatic aptitude for mango crop to the current climate and future IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenarios in Brazil. The optimal climatic conditions for mango crop used in this study were standardized for Brazil according to Agricultural Zoning Climate Risk documents. For the future mango zoning was used the data of air temperature and precipitation generate by PRECIS and ETA-CPTEC models in concern to scenarios of high and low emissions of carbon dioxide of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), for current conditions (Baseline), 2025 and 2055. It was used geographic information systems to elaborate the maps and tables. The results indicate that there may be reductions in the areas suitable for the cultivation of mango in Brazil, considering the climate models generated by ETA and PRECIS. Thus, the mango crop management should be adapted to make possible obtain satisfactory production under scenarios of lower water availability and increased temperature. Keywords: Mangifera indica L., climate change, agroclimatic zoning.   

scholarly journals Improving the Carbon Dioxide Uptake Efficiency of activated Carbons Using a Secondary Activation With Potassium Hydroxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Michal Zgrzebnicki ◽  
Ewa Michalczyszyn ◽  
Rafal J. Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Mesopore Volume ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Co2 Sorption ◽  
Secondary Activation

Abstract Secondary activation of commercial activated carbon (AC) ORGANOSORB 10-CO was carried out at 600, 700 and 800oC with mass ratios of potassium to AC (K/AC) in range 1-3. Crucial samples have shown following CO2 uptakes and SSA - 3.90 mmol/g and 1225 m2/g, 4.54 mmol/g and 1546 m2/g, 4.28 and 1717 m2/g for pristine material and samples obtained at 700oC with K/AC = 2 and at 800oC with K/AC = 3 respectively. Last sample also indicated signifi cant mesopore volume increase in diameter range 2-5 nm, from 0.11 to 0.24 cm3/g. CO2 uptake increase was explained by formation of micropores up to diameter of 0.8 nm, which distribution was established from CO2 sorption using DFT. Surface chemistry of all samples has not changed during modifi cation, what was proven by XPS. Moreover, deeper incorporation of potassium ions into graphite at higher temperatures was observed as confi rmed with EDS, XPS and XRD.

Relationship between Emissions of Carbon Dioxide from the Cement Industry, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Syed Imran Rais ◽  
Abdul Mansoor ◽  
Noman Ahmed ◽  
Syed Tahir Hussain Shah ◽  
Baserat Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Carbon Dioxide emissions are not suitable for human health, and it also creates hurdles in the economic growth of any economy. The current study aims to reinvestigate the impact of greenhouse gases like CO2 emissions, including other gases, in the cement industry of Pakistan and its outcome in the shape of an increase in the health expenditures of the citizens. The study employs the ARDL methodology to find the empirical results in the short and long run. For the empirical analysis, the study used time-series data from the WDI database and covered the range from 1990 to 2019. The study finds a strong relationship between CO2 emissions from the cement industry, health expenditures, and economic growth in Pakistan. There is a uni-directional causality running from CO2 emission to health expenses in both the short and long run. The present study makes a significant contribution to the literature on industrial economics and energy economics and its effects on the well-being of people in society. The study explains the changes in the health expenditures of people by considering the emission of CO2 from the cement industry, which is a new dimension in the case of Pakistan. Moreover, the study suggested that the government and policymakers should make environment-friendly and eco-friendly policies to clean the environment for better health and high economic growth. The government should encourage investors to invest in green technology to increase production capacity and improve the environment.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake by MOC-Based Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Jankovský ◽  
Michal Lojka ◽  
Anna-Marie Lauermannová ◽  
Filip Antončík ◽  
Milena Pavlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Magnesium Oxychloride ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Harmful Effects

In this work, carbon dioxide uptake by magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) based materials is described. Both thermodynamically stable magnesium oxychloride phases with stoichiometry 3Mg(OH)2∙MgCl2∙8H2O (Phase 3) and 5Mg(OH)2∙MgCl2∙8H2O (Phase 5) were prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed to confirm the purity of the studied phases after 7, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 days. Due to carbonation, chlorartinite was formed on the surface of the examined samples. The Rietveld analysis was performed to calculate the phase composition and evaluate the kinetics of carbonation. The SEM micrographs of the sample surfaces were compared with those of the bulk to prove XRD results. Both MOC phases exhibited fast mineral carbonation and high maximum theoretical values of CO2 uptake capacity. The materials based on MOC cement can thus find use in applications where a higher concentration of CO2 in the environment is expected (e.g., in flooring systems and wall panels), where they can partially mitigate the harmful effects of CO2 on indoor air quality and contribute to the sustainability of the construction industry by means of reducing the carbon footprints of alternative building materials and reducing CO2 concentrations in the environment overall.

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