scholarly journals Characteristics of Flame Stability and Gaseous Emission of Bio-Crude Oil from Coffee Ground in a Pilot-Scale Spray Burner

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2882
Author(s):  
Sang Kyu Choi ◽  
Yeon Seok Choi ◽  
Yeon Woo Jeong ◽  
So Young Han ◽  
Quynh Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Gaseous Emission ◽  
Coffee Ground

Coffee ground has been recently considered as a new biomass resource in relation to the increasing coffee consumption worldwide. The bio-crude oil can be produced by fast pyrolysis of coffee ground, and it has advantages of larger heating values in comparison with those from other biomass. But the bio-crude oil from coffee ground has a significantly high viscosity which can hinder the application to conventional burners. In this study, a pilot-scale burner system with a 35 kW capacity with an air-blast atomizing nozzle was developed for the combustion of bio-crude oil from coffee ground with a high viscosity. A downward fuel injection system was adopted to enhance the ignition of fuel spray and the flame stabilization, and a movable block swirl generator was installed for the combustion air. The bio-crude oil was blended with ethanol at the volumetric ratio of 9:1 to enhance the combustion characteristics. The effect of various atomizing air pressures, swirl intensities, and overall equivalence ratios on the flame stability and gaseous emission were investigated to find out the optimum operating conditions for a bio-crude oil burner.

Research on Low Concentration Municipal Wastewater Removal Rate with Chemical-Biological Flocculation and Suspended Medium Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Xing Yu Bian ◽  
Xing Sheng Kang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Yu Lin Sun ◽  
Min Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Operational Parameter ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Scale Test

In this paper, chemical and biological flocculation and suspended medium process was applied to treat low concentration municipal wastewater in a pilot scale test in order to find the optimum operational parameter. The results showed that: system on pollutant removal mainly on chemical and biological flocculation reaction pool, Under the optimal operating condition, CODCr, TP and SS removal efficiencies reached 75.5％, 76％and 90.5％ respectively, and the CODCr, TP, SS concentrations of effluent meet the National Wastewater Integrated Discharge Standard. The optimum operating conditions according to the local actual situation, running for more than half a year, for the optimization of control parameters for the contrast obtained.

Scaling Up of Osmotic Distillation from Laboratory to Pilot Plant for Concentration of Fruit Juices

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Bui ◽  
H. M. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Distillation

A step-by-step procedure for scaling up of an osmotic distillation system from laboratory to pilot plant is discussed. The newly built pilot scale OD system featured a flexibility of using 1 or 2 hollow fibre modules at a time to suit the concentration demands. Three types of hollow fibres were tested on the new system. Pilot trials for OD concentration of apple, grape juices and freeze concentrated (FC) grape juice were successfully carried out to achieve a final concentration up to 65°Brix with fluxes ranging from 2.4 to 0.69kg.m-2.h-1 depending on the fibre types and the operating conditions. Cascade effect was also employed to deal with high viscosity to achieve high concentration. The obtained pilot OD fluxes were comparable to the ones obtained in the lab under similar conditions, and they fitted well with the developed models. Sensory evaluation indicated that OD well preserved the quality attributes of the fruit juices.

Experimental Study of the Optimum Operating Conditions of a Pilot-Scale Tribo-Aero-Electrostatic Separator for Mixed Granular Solids

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Miloudi ◽  
Mokdad Remadnia ◽  
Ciprian Dragan ◽  
Karim Medles ◽  
Amar Tilmatine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Granular Solids ◽  
Electrostatic Separator

scholarly journals Supercritical water oxidation of octol – containing wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Supercritical Water Oxidation ◽  
Product Analysis

<p>This study investigated optimum operating conditions of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for octol and compared the degradation of its components TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7- tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, octogen) under the same conditions. Pilot scale experiments were conducted at various temperatures, reaction times and oxidant amounts. Removal efficiency, by-product analysis and toxicity tests were selected as the performance criteria for the SCWO. Optimum conditions were determined as a temperature of 500 C, 120 s of oxidation time and an oxidant ratio of 150%. Removal of octol was achieved at a rate of 99.99%, while TNT and HMX were removed individually at a rate of ~85% when they existed in the wastewater. No toxicity was observed at the end of the octol oxidation, whereas toxicity was found in the TNT and HMX oxidation due to the formation of TNT isomer and aniline. Higher initial organic material concentrations promoted the removal rates. These results demonstrated that SCWO can be effectively used for the degradation of ammunition wastewater even when concentrations are high.</p>

Characteristics of flame stability and gaseous emission of biocrude-oil/ethanol blends in a pilot-scale spray burner

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Kyu Choi ◽  
Yeon Seok Choi ◽  
Seock Joon Kim ◽  
Yeon Woo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Gaseous Emission ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Biocrude Oil

Performance of SI Engine to Improve the Combustion Characteristics by Using Methanol Blended Petrol

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 857-861
Author(s):  
A.N. Basavaraju ◽  
Mallikappa ◽  
B. Yogesha
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Single Cylinder

The present energy situation has stimulated active research interest in non-petroleum and non-polluting fuels, particularly for transportation, power generation, and agricultural sectors. This paper describes feasibility of utilization of Spark ignition (SI) engine in single fuel mode and to develop the optimum operating conditions in terms of fuel injection timing and fuel injection pressure. Many modifications were made for the developed direct fuel injection system to improve the performance of the 350 cc four stroke single cylinder petrol engine. The engine is tested to conduct performance, combustion emission characteristics with the aid of carburetor. As single cylinder small engines have low compression ratio (CR), and they run with slightly rich mixture, their power are low and emission values are high. In this study, methanol was used to increase performance and decrease emissions of a single-cylinder engine. Initially, the engine whose CR was 7.5/1 was tested with gasoline and methanol at full load and various speeds. This method is used for increasing the fuel efficiency of a vehicle by adding different percentage of methanol to the petrol and to decrease the pollutants produced during combustion process.

Feasibility Study on Accessorial Limestone Injection Desulfurization System on Large Capacity Boiler

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 293-301
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Wen ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Qing Yan Fang ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heating Surface ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Study Laboratory

Many large capacity boilers are facing the problems of desulfurization with the variation of coal quality received and small designed desulfurization capacity in current Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization(WFGD) system. WFGD capacity improving renovation is a high cost and long construction cycle project. Therefore, a proposal to add accessorial limestone injection desulfurization system without changing the current WFGD was investigated in this study. Laboratory experiments and pilot scale field tests on a 220t/h boiler were performed to certificate the possibility of adding accessorial limestone desulfurization system on large capacity boiler. Desulfurization efficiencies under different injection position, Ca/S ratio, the porosity structures of desulfurization agent, and boiler operating conditions were tested to obtain the optimal working conditions for limestone desulfurization in large capacity boiler ; Ash composition, ash melting point, ash particle size distribution were also determined to evaluate the influence on heating surface of boiler corrosion, fouling, abrasion and boiler efficiency on a 660MW unit boiler after adding limestone injection system for security and economy concern. The results of this paper could provide reliable evidence and experiments data for the power plant to make overall consideration for adding accessorial limestone injection desulfurization system without changing the current WFGD system.

Electrochemical pilot scale study for reduction of 2,4-DNT

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Doppalapudi ◽  
D. Palaniswamy ◽  
G. Sorial ◽  
S. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Graphite Cylinder ◽  
Batch Simulation ◽  
Pilot Scale Reactor ◽  
Flow Experiments

An electrochemical pilot scale reactor was used to treat simulated munitions wastewater containing 100 mg/L of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT). Experiments were conducted by using a glassy carbon (zero porosity) coated graphite cylinder as the cathode and a platinum wire as the anode. All experiments were conducted under dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 1.5 mg/L. Initially, experiments simulating batch conditions were conducted to obtain the optimum operating conditions for the reactor. During this batch-mode study, the effects of various parameters such as applied current, electrolyte concentration, and type of electrolyte on the reduction of DNT were evaluated. Results obtained showed that the rates of reduction of DNT increased with an increase in current or concentration of electrolyte. Based on the results obtained from the batch simulation experiments, continuous flow experiments were conducted at three different currents. The ionic strength of the feed solution was maintained at 0.027 M. A current of 200 mA was found to provide a stable reduction of DNT at the 80% level for a period of 14 days after which reactor cleaning is necessary for removal of solids that were formed within the reactor. End products determined for the continuous flow experiments showed 100% molar balance conversion.

scholarly journals Operating Cost Reduction of In-line Coagulation/Ultrafiltration Membrane Process Attributed to Coagulation Condition Optimization for Irreversible Fouling Control

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Membrane Process ◽  
Charge Neutralization ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Condition Optimization

This study examined the optimum coagulation conditions for reducing irreversible fouling during the in-line coagulation/ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process and assessed the decrease in operating cost. The coagulation conditions that generated charge-neutralization, sweep-flocculation, and under-dosing mechanisms were obtained by a jar-test, and a pilot-scale in-line coagulation/UF membrane process was operated under the coagulation conditions. Charge-neutralization and sweep-flocculation mechanisms reduced irreversible fouling effectively, and the under-dosing mechanism was able to reduce irreversible fouling only when flocs of a certain size or larger were formed. This revealed that floc size was a more important factor in reducing irreversible fouling than floc structure, and once initial cake layers were created by flocs of a fixed size, the structure of formed cake layers had only a minor effect on irreversible fouling. Regarding reduction in operating cost, 0.5 mg/L and 3 h, which were necessary to produce an under-dosing mechanism, were deemed the optimum coagulant dosage and coagulant injection time, respectively, to reduce irreversible fouling. In order to analyze the operating cost reduction effect, a pilot plant was operated under optimum operating conditions, and the total operating cost was approximately 11.2% lower than without in-line coagulation.

Application of a Pilot-Scale Pulsed Electrocoagulation system to OCC-Based Paper Mill Effluent

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUAN-SHING PERNG ◽  
EUGENE I-CHEN WANG ◽  
SHIH-TSUNG YU ◽  
AN-YI CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
True Color

Trends toward closure of white water recirculation loops in papermaking often lead to a need for system modifications. We conducted a pilot-scale study using pulsed electrocoagulation technology to treat the effluent of an old corrugated containerboard (OCC)-based paper mill in order to evaluate its treatment performance. The operating variables were a current density of 0–240 A/m2, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8–16 min, and a coagulant (anionic polyacrylamide) dosage of 0–22 mg/L. Water quality indicators investigated were electrical con-ductivity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and true color. The results were encouraging. Under the operating conditions without coagulant addition, the highest removals for conductivity, SS, COD, and true color were 39.8%, 85.7%, 70.5%, and 97.1%, respectively (with an HRT of 16 min). The use of a coagulant enhanced the removal of both conductivity and COD. With an optimal dosage of 20 mg/L and a shortened HRT of 10 min, the highest removal achieved for the four water quality indicators were 37.7%, 88.7%, 74.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. The water qualities thus attained should be adequate to allow reuse of a substantial portion of the treated effluent as process water makeup in papermaking.

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