scholarly journals Identification of Promising Alternative Mono-Alcohol Fuel Blend Components for Spark Ignition Engines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1955
Author(s):  
Saeid Aghahossein Shirazi ◽  
Thomas D. Foust ◽  
Kenneth F. Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Fuel Blending ◽  
High Range

Alcohols are attractive fuel blendstocks for spark ignition engines due to their high octane values and potentially positive influence on performance and emission. Although methanol, ethanol, and butanol have been widely studied, other biomass-derived alcohols may have similar or better properties. However, it is not feasible to experimentally investigate the fuel potential of every molecule. The goals of this study were to develop a methodology for rapid screening of a fuel property database for mono-alcohols and to identify alcohols with the potential of blending to produce advantaged motor gasolines. A database was developed with 13 fuel properties of all saturated C1–C10 mono-alcohols. A decision framework was used to evaluate alcohols suitable for blending in gasoline for spark ignition engines in two scenarios: low-range (up to 15 vol%) blends and high-range (greater than 40 vol%) blends. The low-range blend cases resulted in the identification of 48 alcohols. In the case of high-range blending, only six alcohols were found to be suitable. This is the first study to systematically evaluate all C1–C10 saturated alcohols for blending with gasoline using relevant fuel properties. A novel aspect of this study is the evaluation of the influence of errors in predicted property values. These scenario screenings focus attention on a smaller number of promising candidate molecules, and the approach could be modified for other classes of fuel molecules, engine types, and fuel blending goals.

Impact of Fuel Properties and Flame Stretch on the Turbulent Flame Speed in Spark-Ignition Engines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Brequigny ◽  
Christine Mounaïm-Rousselle ◽  
Fabien Halter ◽  
Bruno Moreau ◽  
Thomas Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Turbulent Flame Speed ◽  
Flame Stretch

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Performance and Emission Characteristics between Spark Ignition Engine and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine (HCCI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Nahedh Mahmood Ali
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Many researchers consider Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine mode as a promising alternative to combustion in Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition Engines. The HCCI engine runs on lean mixtures of fuel and air, and the combustion is produced from the fuel autoignition instead of ignited by a spark. This combustion mode was investigated in this paper. A variable compression ratio, spark ignition engine type TD110 was used in the experiments. The tested fuel was Iraqi conventional gasoline (ON=82). The results showed that HCCI engine can run in very lean equivalence ratios. The brake specific fuel consumption was reduced about 28% compared with a spark ignition engine. The experimental tests showed that the emissions concentrations were reduced by 91.27% for NOx, 85.99% for CO, 78.91% for CO2, and 83.56% for unburned hydrocarbons compared to the SI engine. HCCI engine produced little noise with about 26.68% less than SI engine.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of a Central Fuel Property Hypothesis Under Boosted Spark-Ignition Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinaki Pal ◽  
Krishna Kalvakala ◽  
Yunchao Wu ◽  
Matthew McNenly ◽  
Simon Lapointe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Laminar Flame Speed ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Property

Abstract In the present work, a central fuel property hypothesis (CFPH), which states that fuel properties are sufficient to provide an indication of a fuel’s performance irrespective of its chemical composition, was numerically investigated. In particular, the objective of the study was to determine whether Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON), as fuel properties, are sufficient to describe a fuel’s knock-limited performance under boosted spark-ignition (SI) conditions within the framework of CFPH. To this end, four TPRF-bioblendstock surrogates having different compositions but matched RON (= 98) and MON (= 90), were first generated using a non-linear regression model based on artificial neural network (ANN). Three unconventional bioblendstocks were included in the analysis: Di-isobutylene (DIB), Isobutanol and Anisole. Skeletal reaction mechanisms were generated for the TPRF-DIB, TPRF-isobutanol and TPRF-anisole blends from a detailed kinetic mechanism. Thereafter, numerical simulations were performed for the fuel surrogates using the skeletal mechanisms and a virtual cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine model, under a representative boosted operating condition. In the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the G-equation approach was employed to track the turbulent flame front and the well-stirred reactor model combined with multi-zone binning strategy was used to capture auto-ignition in the end-gas. In addition, laminar flame speed was tabulated for each blend as a function of pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio a priori, and the lookup tables were used to prescribe laminar flame speed as an input to the G-equation model. Parametric spark timing sweeps were performed for each fuel blend to determine the corresponding knock-limited spark advance (KLSA) and 50% burn point (CA50) at the respective KLSA timing. It was observed that despite same RON, MON and engine operating conditions, the TPRF-Anisole blend exhibited markedly different knock-limited performance from the other three blends. This deviation from the octane index (OI) expectation was shown to be caused by differences in laminar flame speed (LFS). However, it was found that relatively large fuel-specific differences in LFS (> 20%) would have to be present to cause any appreciable deviation from the OI framework. Otherwise, RON and MON would still be robust enough to predict a fuel’s knock-limited performance.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of a Central Fuel Property Hypothesis Under Boosted Spark-Ignition Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinaki Pal ◽  
Krishna Kalvakala ◽  
Yunchao Wu ◽  
Matthew McNenly ◽  
Simon Lapointe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Laminar Flame Speed ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Property

Abstract In the present work, a central fuel property hypothesis (CFPH), which states that fuel properties are sufficient to provide an indication of a fuel’s performance irrespective of its chemical composition, was numerically investigated. In particular, the objective of the study was to determine whether Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON), as fuel properties, are sufficient to describe a fuel’s knock-limited performance under boosted spark-ignition (SI) conditions within the framework of CFPH. To this end, four TPRF-bioblendstock surrogates having different compositions but matched RON (=98) and MON (=90), were first generated using a non-linear regression model based on artificial neural network (ANN). Three unconventional bioblendstocks were included in the analysis: di-isobutylene (DIB), isobutanol, and Anisole. Skeletal reaction mechanisms were generated for the TPRF-DIB, TPRF-isobutanol, and TPRF-anisole blends from a detailed kinetic mechanism. Thereafter, numerical simulations were performed for the fuel surrogates using the skeletal mechanisms and a virtual cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine model, under a representative boosted operating condition. In the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the G-equation approach was employed to track the turbulent flame front and the well-stirred reactor model combined with the multi-zone binning strategy was used to capture auto-ignition in the end-gas. In addition, laminar flame speed (LFS) was tabulated for each blend as a function of pressure, temperature, and equivalence ratio a priori, and the lookup tables were used to prescribe laminar flame speed as an input to the G-equation model. Parametric spark timing sweeps were performed for each fuel blend to determine the corresponding knock-limited spark advance (KLSA) and 50% burn point (CA50) at the respective KLSA timing. It was observed that despite same RON, MON, and engine operating conditions, the TPRF-anisole blend exhibited markedly different knock-limited performance from the other three blends. This deviation from the octane index (OI) expectation was shown to be caused by differences in laminar flame speed. However, it was found that relatively large fuel-specific differences in LFS (>20%) would have to be present to cause any appreciable deviation from the OI framework. Otherwise, RON and MON would still be robust enough to predict a fuel’s knock-limited performance.

scholarly journals Performance and Emissions of a Premixed Combustion Engine Fueled by Methanol–Gasoline Blends

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibai Wang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Chunhua Zhang ◽  
Zheng Jing
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Soot Precursors ◽  
Performance And Emissions

Abstract Background: Methanol is abundant, safe, and environmentally friendly and has physicochemical properties similar to those of gasoline. It is a promising alternative fuel in China because it can be directly used in both spark- and compression-ignition internal combustion engines. The current development of spark-ignition engines focuses on the reduction of the fuel volume and increase in the compression ratio (CR), which would benefit the engine’s thermal efficiency. However, increasing the CR may deteriorate particulate matter (PM) due to the high temperature.Methods: Herein, an experimental study was conducted on methanol–gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine. We examined the performance and formaldehyde emissions of methanol–gasoline blends by using three volume fractions (M0, M15, and M100). In addition, the effects of the CR on PM emissions were investigated.Results: The following relationships were observed: (1) When methanol was blended with gasoline, the formaldehyde emissions increased significantly. The formaldehyde emissions of 100% methanol were higher than those of the methanol–gasoline blend with a methanol volume fraction of 15%; both of these emissions were higher than those of pure gasoline; (2) Increasing the CR resulted in increased PM emissions; (3) For a given blending ratio, the PM emissions were positively correlated with the CR; and (4) The PM emissions were negatively correlated with the methanol volume fraction.Conclusions: Methanol reduces the heat loss at the wall surface. As the ratio of methanol in gasoline increases, the PM emissions decrease. On the other hand, the PM emissions are positively correlated with the CR. The addition of lower alcohols dilutes the concentrations of soot precursors, thereby reducing the soot emissions.

Performance and Emission Assessments for Different Acetone Gasoline Blends Powered Spark Ignition Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alahmer
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Performance And Emission

Acetone-gasoline fuel is considered as one of the promising alternative fuels in recent years and it is promoted as being able to overcome the difficulty of simultaneously reducing the exhaust emissions and improving of gasoline engine performance. This manuscript experimentally investigates the engine performance and on the main pollutant emissions for a single cylinder, four-stroke, spark-ignition engine powered by gasoline fuels of two different acetone-gasoline blends namely AC5 (5 vol. % acetone + 95 vol. % gasoline) and AC10. The experiments were conducted in the speed range from 1000 to 3600 rpm. The SI engine was connected to eddy current dynamometer with electronic control unit (ECU) and an exhaust gas analyzer. It was found that, in general, as the percentage of acetone added to gasoline increases in the blends, the engine performance improved. Numerically, it was found that the AC10 had a higher engine brake power, thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency and BSFC with 4.39%, 6.9%, 7.2% and 5.2 percent respectively than those of pure gasoline. Furthermore, the use of acetone with gasoline fuel reduces exhaust emission concentrations by 26.3%, 30.3%, 6.6% and 4.4% for CO, UHC, NOx and CO2 respectively

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