scholarly journals Coal Demand and Environmental Regulations: A Case Study of the Polish Power Sector

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Kaszyński ◽  
Jacek Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Demand

The impact of environmental regulations implemented in the power industry that affect the consumption of solid fuels is of key importance to coal-based power generation systems, such as that in Poland. In this context, the main purpose of the paper was to determine the future demand for hard coal and brown coal in the Polish power sector by 2050 with reference to the environmental regulations implemented in the power sector. To achieve these goals, a mathematical model was developed using the linear programming approach, which reflected the key relationships between the hard and brown coal mining sector and the power sector in the context of the environmental regulations discussed. The environmental regulations selected had a great influence on the future demand for hard and brown coal in the power generation sector. The scope of this influence depended on particular regulations. The prices of CO2 emission allowances and stricter emissions standards stemming from the Industrial Emissions Directive and the BAT (Best Available Techniques) conclusions had the largest influence on the reduction of hard coal demand. In the case of brown coal, no new power generating units would be deployed; hence, brown coal consumption would drop practically to zero in 2050 under all the scenarios considered.

scholarly journals Impacts of New EU and Czech Environmental Legislation on Heat and Electricity Prices of Combined Heat and Power Sources in the Czech Republic

10.14311/1460 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vecka
Keyword(s):  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Future ◽  
Large Heat ◽  
Industrial Emissions Directive ◽  
The Impact

In my economic model I calculate the impact of the new EU ETS Directive, the Industrial Emissions Directive and the new air protection law on future heat and electricity prices for combined heat and power sources. I discover that there will be a significant increase in heat and electricity prices, especially because of the implementation of new so-called benchmark tools for allocating allowances. The main problem of large heat producers in this respect is loss of competitiveness on the heat market due to emerging stricter environmental legislation, which is not applied to competitors on the heat market (smaller heat sources). There is also lack of clarity about the modalities for allocating free allowances, and about the future development of the whole carbon market (the future European allowance price).

scholarly journals Using the LSTM Network to Forecast the Demand for Electricity in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8455
Author(s):  
Anna Manowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact

The impact of environmental regulations introduced by the European Union is of key importance for electricity generation systems. The Polish fuel structure of electricity production is based on solid fuels. Moreover, the generating base is outdated and must gradually be withdrawn from the power system. In this context, Poland’s energy policy is undergoing a transformation as climate and environmental regulations are becoming increasingly stringent for the energy sector based on solid fuels (hard coal and lignite). However, the transformation process must be adapted to market demands, because the overriding goal is to ensure energy security by maintaining the continuity of energy supplies and an acceptable electricity price. This directly contributes to the development of the entire economy and the standard of living of the society, in accordance with the European Agreement establishing an association between the Republic of Poland and the European Communities and their Member States, signed on 16 December 1991, and the European Energy Charter, signed on 17 December 1991. Ensuring energy security is the most important goal of the energy policy. Therefore, energy companies must forecast the demand. The main goal of this article is to develop a mathematical model of electricity consumption by 2040 by all sectors of the economy: industry, transport, residential, commercial and public services, agriculture, forestry, and fishing. In order to achieve the intended goal, a model was developed by using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) artificial neural networks, which belong to deep learning techniques and reflect long-term relationships in time series for a small set of statistical data. The results show that the proposed model can significantly improve the accuracy of forecasts (1–3% of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the analyzed sectors of the economy).

scholarly journals Projection of Future Hydropower Generation in Samanalawewa Power Plant, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bhabishya Khaniya ◽  
Chamaka Karunanayake ◽  
Miyuru B. Gunathilake ◽  
Upaka Rathnayake
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The projection of future hydropower generation is extremely important for the sustainable development of any country, which utilizes hydropower as one of the major sources of energy to plan the country’s power management system. Hydropower generation, on the other hand, is mostly dependent on the weather and climate dynamics of the local area. In this paper, we aim to study the impact of climate change on the future performance of the Samanalawewa hydropower plant located in Sri Lanka using artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs are one of the most effective machine learning tools for examining nonlinear relationships between the variables to understand complex hydrological processes. Validated ANN model is used to project the future power generation from 2020 to 2050 using future projected rainfall data extracted from regional climate models. Results showcased that the forecasted hydropower would increase in significant percentages (7.29% and 10.22%) for the two tested climatic scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Therefore, this analysis showcases the capability of ANN in projecting nonstationary patterns of power generation from hydropower plants. The projected results are of utmost importance to stakeholders to manage reservoir operations while maximizing the productivity of the impounded water and thus, maximizing economic growth as well as social benefits.

Private equity investment in power generation projects: evidence from India

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thillairajan ◽  
Monalisa Behera
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Private equity (PE) has emerged as an important source of capital for infrastructure in recent years. There have been more than 2,000 deals by PE infrastructure funds till 2012, with annual investments in the range of $100-120bn. Substantial proportion of these investments has been in the energy and the power sector. This paper aims to compare power generation projects with and without PE investment. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 148 power generation projects that were implemented in India during 2004-2011 were used for the analysis. Ordinary least squares and three-stage least squares regression have been used to analyze the impact of PE investment on unit project costs and project commissioning time. Findings Projects with PE investment had lower unit capacity costs as compared to power projects that did not have PE investment. This indicated the ability of PE investors to select, invest and develop those projects that are cost-effective. However, projects with PE investment had longer commissioning time. This can be attributed to the active monitoring and governance practices that were associated with PE investment. Practical implications The results highlight the key role that PE investors can play in power sector development in developing countries. Apart from providing capital to capital-starved economies, PE investors can help in developing cost-effective projects and contribute to sector development by institutionalizing robust processes and governance practices. Originality/value This is one of the earliest studies to analyze the impact of PE investment on the power sector.

Non-Tariff Measures When Alternative Regulatory Tools Can Be Chosen

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphan Marette
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Market Imperfections ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Welfare Measure ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper analyzes whether or not different non-tariff measures (NTM) like a standard or a mandatory label can be considered as protectionist in presence of market imperfections. From a welfare-based approach, protectionism occurs when the instrument maximizing domestic welfare is different from the alternative instrument maximizing international welfare inclusive of foreign profits. A framework taking into account different tools shows the complexity for characterizing protectionism related to different NTM. When the standard impacts variable costs, the mandatory label can be protectionist. When the standard impacts sunk costs, the standard can be protectionist. The framework is also useful for empirically characterizing the impact of NTM related to a specific product. An application to shrimp trade illustrates the feasibility of the welfare measure, for an ex ante evaluation of possible environmental regulations that could be implemented in the future. This application confirms that the tool maximizing domestic welfare does not systematically correspond to the tool maximizing international welfare.

The future need for flexibility and the impact of fluctuating renewable power generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 1314-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Brunner ◽  
Gerda Deac ◽  
Sebastian Braun ◽  
Christoph Zöphel
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact
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