scholarly journals Analysis of the Use of Electric Drive Systems for Crew Transfer Vessels Servicing Offshore Wind Farms

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łebkowski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Electrical Drive ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Drive Systems

The article presents issues related to the possibility of using electric propulsion systems in units used to transport crews servicing wind towers at sea. Offshore wind energy issues are discussed. Proposals for electric propulsion systems that could be used on units for transporting crews servicing offshore wind farms are presented. The possibility of using purely electrical drive systems or hybrid drive systems operating in a diesel-electric configuration is analyzed. By observing the motion of real CTV units, based on the data from the MarineTraffic service, a mathematical simulation model was developed, for which a number of simulations were carried out in the Modelica environment. The developed mathematical model takes into account the dynamic loads acting on the ship’s hull, hydrodynamic resistances, electric and diesel propulsion systems’ properties together with their individual elements’ characteristics. The tests of the electric propulsion system showed reduced fuel consumption (approx. 60%) and harmful gas emissions to the atmosphere (approximately 70%) in relation to conventional, internal combustion engine propulsion.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Use of Electric and Hybrid Drives on SWATH Ships

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6486
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łebkowski ◽  
Wojciech Koznowski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Drive ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Hydrodynamic Resistance ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Electric Drive System ◽  
Drive Systems

The article presents issues related to the possibility of using electric and hybrid systems to drive Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) vessels. Ships of this type have significantly less sway and heave compared to monohull crafts and catamarans. Thanks to the synergistic combination of the hydrodynamic properties of SWATH hull and electric drive systems, they can be an interesting proposition for use in transport of passengers and offshore wind farms service crews. The paper presents comparative test results of an electric drive system powered by Hybrid Energy Storage System, which are a combination of systems consisting of batteries (BAT), hydrogen fuel cells (FC) and diesel generators (D). For the presented configurations of propulsion systems, mathematical models taking into account the hydrodynamic resistance of the hull of the vessel have been developed and implemented in the Modelica simulation environment. The tests carried out for various configurations of the drive system have shown reduced energy consumption by the DIESEL-ELECTRIC drive system (by approx. 62%), as well as the reduction of harmful greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere (by approx. 62%) compared to the conventional DIESEL drive.

scholarly journals Assessment of parameters of the hybrid drive system in vehicles in urban traffic conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Wojciech Cieślik ◽  
Ireneusz Pielecha ◽  
Andrzej Szałek
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Drive Systems

Continuously increasing share of the hybrid and electric vehicles in the global automotive market justifies the need for detailed analysis of the operational effectiveness of these drive systems. The aim of the study was to assess the operational conditions of the combustion engines and electric motors in hybrid drive systems – full hybrid – of the motor vehicles in urban traffic conditions. Variety of designs of such drive systems is related to the high voltage batteries used and the way of charging them. The road tests were conducted in Warsaw (urban traffic conditions) by recording the operational parameters of three vehicles and their driving systems. The conditions of operation of the combustion engine and electric motors along with the values of their high voltage battery charge level were related to the test routes. The analysis of the relative shares of engine and motor operation time in the total time of vehicle operation in urban traffic conditions was conducted. The scope of operation of the hybrid drive system utilizing only electric propulsion system was determined. The relations between the operational indexes of the hybrid propulsion (combustion engine and electric motor) in real traffic conditions and the charge level of batteries, current speeds and accelerations were shown.

Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Brandt ◽  
AC Dragon ◽  
A Diederichs ◽  
MA Bellmann ◽  
V Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Feasibility study for the installation of offshore wind farms in the Canary Islands

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (07) ◽  
pp. 809-813
Author(s):  
M. Martínez ◽  
A. Pulido ◽  
J. Romero ◽  
N. Angulo ◽  
F. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

scholarly journals Offshore wind farms and the attraction–production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninon Mavraki ◽  
Steven Degraer ◽  
Jan Vanaverbeke
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Trachurus Trachurus ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractOffshore wind farms (OWFs) act as artificial reefs, attracting high abundances of fish, which could potentially increase their local production. This study investigates the feeding ecology of fish species that abundantly occur at artificial habitats, such as OWFs, by examining the short- and the long-term dietary composition of five species: the benthopelagic Gadus morhua and Trisopterus luscus, the pelagic Scomber scombrus and Trachurus trachurus, and the benthic Myoxocephalus scorpioides. We conducted combined stomach content and stable isotope analyses to examine the short- and the time-integrated dietary composition, respectively. Our results indicated that benthopelagic and benthic species utilize artificial reefs, such as OWFs, as feeding grounds for a prolonged period, since both analyses indicated that they exploit fouling organisms occurring exclusively on artificial hard substrates. Trachurus trachurus only occasionally uses artificial reefs as oases of highly abundant resources. Scomber scombrus does not feed on fouling fauna and therefore its augmented presence in OWFs is probably related to reasons other than the enhanced food availability. The long-termed feeding preferences of benthic and benthopelagic species contribute to the hypothesis that the artificial reefs of OWFs could potentially increase the fish production in the area. However, this was not supported for the pelagic species.

scholarly journals Does galvanic cathodic protection by aluminum anodes impact marine organisms?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Bell ◽  
Marcus von der Au ◽  
Julia Regnery ◽  
Matthias Schmid ◽  
Björn Meermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effects

Abstract Background Cathodic protection by sacrificial anodes composed of aluminum-zinc-indium alloys is often applied to protect offshore support structures of wind turbines from corrosion. Given the considerable growth of renewable energies and thus offshore wind farms in Germany over the last decade, increasing levels of aluminum, indium and zinc are released to the marine environment. Although these metals are ecotoxicologically well-studied, data regarding their impact on marine organisms, especially sediment-dwelling species, as well as possible ecotoxicological effects of galvanic anodes are scarce. To investigate possible ecotoxicological effects to the marine environment, the diatom Phaedactylum tricornutum, the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri and the amphipod Corophium volutator were exposed to dissolved galvanic anodes and solutions of aluminum and zinc, respectively, in standardized laboratory tests using natural seawater. In addition to acute toxicological effects, the uptake of these elements by C. volutator was investigated. Results The investigated anode material caused no acute toxicity to the tested bacteria and only weak but significant effects on algal growth. In case of the amphipods, the single elements Al and Zn showed significant effects only at the highest tested concentrations. Moreover, an accumulation of Al and In was observed in the crustacea species. Conclusions Overall, the findings of this study indicated no direct environmental impact on the tested marine organisms by the use of galvanic anodes for cathodic protection. However, the accumulation of metals in, e.g., crustaceans might enhance their trophic transfer within the marine food web.

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