scholarly journals Characterization of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil from Hardwood and Softwood Lignin

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Zahra Echresh Zadeh ◽  
Ali Abdulkhani ◽  
Basudeb Saha
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Renewable And Sustainable Energy

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission have led to moving towards alternative, renewable, and sustainable energy sources. Lignin is one of the significant, renewable and sustainable energy sources of biomass and pyrolysis is one of the most promising technologies that can convert lignocellulosic biomass to bio-oil. This study focuses on the production and characterization of bio-oil from hardwood and softwood lignin via pyrolysis process using a bench-scale batch reactor. In this study, a mixed solvent extraction method with different polarities was developed to fractionate different components of bio-crude oil into three fractions. The obtained fractions were characterized by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). The calculated bio-oil yields from Sigma Kraft lignin and Chouka Kraft lignin were about 30.2% and 24.4%, respectively. The organic solvents, e.g., toluene, methanol, and water were evaluated for chemical extraction from bio-oil, and it was found that the efficiency of solvents is as follows: water > methanol > toluene. In both types of the bio-oil samples, phenolic compounds were found to be the most abundant chemical groups which include phenol, 2-methoxy, 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol and phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy that is due to the structure and the originality of lignin, which is composed of phenyl propane units with one or two methoxy groups (O-CH3) on the aromatic ring.

scholarly journals Influence of Bio-Oil Phospholipid on the Hydrodeoxygenation Activity of NiMoS/Al2O3 Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdus Salam ◽  
Derek Creaser ◽  
Prakhar Arora ◽  
Stefanie Tamm ◽  
Eva Lind Grennfelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pore Blockage ◽  
Sulfided Catalyst ◽  
High Degree

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) activity of a typical hydrotreating catalyst, sulfided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 for deoxygenation of a fatty acid has been explored in a batch reactor at 54 bar and 320 °C in the presence of contaminants, like phospholipids, which are known to be present in renewable feeds. Oleic acid was used for the investigation. Freshly sulfided catalyst showed a high degree of deoxygenation activity; products were predominantly composed of alkanes (C17 and C18). Experiments with a major phospholipid showed that activity for C17 was greatly reduced while activity to C18 was not altered significantly in the studied conditions. Characterization of the spent catalyst revealed the formation of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), which affects the active phase dispersion, blocks the active sites, and causes pore blockage. In addition, choline, formed from the decomposition of phospholipid, partially contributes to the observed deactivation. Furthermore, a direct correlation was observed in the accumulation of coke on the catalyst and the amount of phospholipid introduced in the feed. We therefore propose that the reason for the increased deactivation is due to the dual effects of an irreversible change in phase to aluminum phosphate and the formation of choline.

scholarly journals Education, Communication and Decision-Making on Renewable and Sustainable Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Renewable And Sustainable Energy

This editorial aims to introduce the themes and approaches covered in this special issue on education, communication, and decision-making on renewable and sustainable energy. At first, I discuss the themes and topics that have informed the creation of this special issue. Then, I provide an overview of the content of each paper that is included on the special issue. Additionally, this editorial provides a solid background on the relationships between the factors affecting decision-making on renewable energy sources as well as on the degree of influence education and communication takes part in the attitudes of the public towards renewable energy sources.

Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char produced by low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of olive pruning residue using various absorbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Bartoli ◽  
Luca Rosi ◽  
Alessio Giovannelli ◽  
Piero Frediani ◽  
Marco Frediani
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Microwave Absorber ◽  
Microwave Absorbers ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Olive Residue

Olive pruning residue is largely formed during cultivation, and is usually disposed through open-air combustion directly in the field, but this habit is a possible source of pollution. The pyrolytic conversion of olive pruning residue has been run in a new and very appealing way using microwave as a heating source and different microwave absorbers in a multimode batch reactor. In this way, olive residue is converted into interesting bio-chemical products with a short pyrolysis time, ranging from 15 to 36 min, and with a peak temperature ranging from 450 K to 705 K according to the different microwave absorber. Thus, a very efficient and selective system was realized, which was able to address the process towards the formation of a large amount of bio-char (up to 61.2%) or a high formation of bio-oil (56.2%) and gas (41.7%) with a very low formation of bio-char (2.1%). However, when carbon and iron were used as microwave absorbers, it was possible to obtain an intermediate amount of bio-char (26-30%) and bio-oil (40 wt%). Bio-oils were collected as dark-brown liquids with low viscosity and density. A bio-oil with a low water concentration was obtained using carbon or iron as the microwave absorber. The bio-oils formed in all experiments contained a very large amount of acetic acid, even when NaOH was the microwave absorber. Furthermore, a large amount of aromatics were present in the bio-oil obtained using carbon as the microwave absorber.

Overview of Chemical Characterization of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oils

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 422-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Zhi Bo Zhang ◽  
Cai Juan Zhang ◽  
Shu Hua Su ◽  
Wen Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil is one of the most promising technologies to utilize lignocellulosic biomass. Liquid bio-oil covers many potential application fields, to be used a fuel or a source for chemical extraction and production. Hence, it is necessary to understand the chemical properties of bio-oil. This review concentrates on the elemental and chemical properties of bio-oil, and also discusses the analysis and separation methods.

An Indian scenario on renewable and sustainable energy sources with emphasis on algae

2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hemaiswarya ◽  
Rathinam Raja ◽  
Isabel S. Carvalho ◽  
R. Ravikumar ◽  
Vasudeo Zambare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable And Sustainable Energy ◽  
Indian Scenario

scholarly journals Kırsal Bölgelerde Tarımsal Atıkların Kontrolü ve Yenilenebilir Biyokütle Enerji Teknolojileri İle Sera Gazı Emisyonlarının Azaltım Potansiyelinin İncelenmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Çağdaş Gönen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Renewable And Sustainable Energy

Nowadays, “energy production” and “global climate change and mitigation”, which are in direct relation with each other, are the most important environmental problems waiting for a solution. Renewable and sustainable energy sources provide the most appropriate alternatives for the solution of this problem. In Turkey, one of the important raw material potential of renewable and sustainable energy sources is “Biomass energy”; it is used in biogas production, biofuel production such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biobuthanol and gasification-burning technology. In this study; the potential for agricultural wastes derived from agricultural activities and domestic wastes from Çukurkuyu town of Niğde where the main economic source are agriculture and livestock, were calculated by using incineration technology, which is one of the methods of production of renewable electric energy. In this study, a feasibility study was carried out for the production of renewable electricity from the wastes generated in the town and the potential of renewable electricity generation was determined by the obtained data. Moreover, in this study, fossil fuel balance of the electricity produced from biomass was determined and potential for greenhouse gas emission reduction was determined. Thus, as an alternative to fossil fuels, energy production from renewable sources has been determined both in agricultural waste management.

Pyrolysis of the Caupi Bean Pod (Vigna unguiculata): Characterization of Biomass and Bio-Oil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Santos ◽  
Diego Bispo ◽  
Honnara Granja ◽  
Eliana Sussuchi ◽  
André Luis Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Bio Oil
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